question

Insightful problem solving is best viewed as an example of

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operant learning

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According to the___________ metaphor, experiences are stashed in the brain like photographs in an album

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computer

question

The first studies in observational learning...

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failed to find evidence of observational learning in animals

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The word "positive" in positive punishment refers to

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the fact that something is added

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Positive punishment is most often confused with

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negative reinforcement

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________________ is the idea that any problem behavior that is eliminated through learning based treatment will be replaced by a new problem behavior.

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symptom substitution

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The term _____________ memory refers to learned behavior, that can be expressed usually in words.

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declarative

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The first formals studies of punishment were probably done by

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E.L Thorndike

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Learning is a change in behavior due to an experience, in observational learning the experience consists of

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observing events and their consequences

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The kind of generalization your text focuses on is

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stimulus generalization

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Social observational learning may be defined as

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change in behavior due to an experience of observing model.

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The learning history of observers has a powerful influence on what they learn from models. This is illustrated by the fact that chimpanzees that have had______________ training, get more from observing a model than those that have not.

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language

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If a new behavior appears without reinforcement it is likely an example of

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auto shaping

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Generalization is sometimes called

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transfer

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In _____________ discrimination training the SD and the S delta are presented at the same time

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simultaneous

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While walking in the woods, Larry happens to stumble across a nest of turkey eggs just as they are hatching. Larry watches the chicks as they emerge from their eggs and begin walking about. As he leaves the nest area, Larry finds the young birds are determined to go with him. Larry's new friends are victims of _________.

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imprinting

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Forgetting is the deterioration of

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performance

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Carl and McDowell found that Jim's scratching was reinforced mainly by

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parental attention

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Skinner's teaching machine presented the student with some information that asked a question,the reinforcer for answering correctly was

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the opportunity to move onto the next frame

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If the observers looks on as model's behavior is reinforced we speak of __________________ reinforcement

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vicarious

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The SD is analogous to a ....

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conditioned stimulus

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The tendency to imitate a modeled behavior even when doing so is not reinforced is referred to as

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generalized imitation

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Howard studied hard for his math test and found that what he learned helped on his physics test. Howard benefited from

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generalization

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Clark's nutcrackers apparently recalled the location of something like _________ food caches

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2,000

question

In a study by Hopper and colleagues, some observers watched a model slide a door and retrieve a desired item. Other observers saw the door slide in the absence of a model, revealing the desired item. The latter procedure is called the __________ condition.

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ghost

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When six-month old Joey cries, his mother, Martha, can tell what he needs even before she goes to him. Martha's skill is an example of ______

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discrimination

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Substances that casuse damage to the nervous system are called

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neurotoxins

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The operant learning model of observational learning takes

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a natural science approach

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In________________________ the task is to select from two or more alternatives the stimulus that matches a standard

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matching to sample

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Problem behavior in children can usually be dealt with effectively through

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differential reinforcement

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The first step in building a behavior chain is to do a

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task analysis

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Ellen Levy and her colleagues found that children would imitate a model's reinforced preferences for

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pictures

question

David Camp and colleges found that compared to 2 seconds delay in punishment a 30 second delay resulted

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about half as much response suppression

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In Bandura's theory of observational learning, steps taken during observation to improve later recall of a model's behavior are called

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retentional processes

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The tenancy for changes in one's behavior to spread to other behaviors is called ____________ generalization

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response

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Herbert and Harsh compared the behavior of cats that had observed a model perform an act 30 times with cats that had observed only 15 performances. They found that

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cats that observed 30 performances did substantially better than those that observed 15

question

Riding a bicycle is an example of _______________ memory

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procedural

question

The earliest experiments of observational learning were performed by who?

answer

E.L Thorndike

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Whether children imitate an aggressive model depends largely on

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whether the model is being reinforced or punished

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Steven, a drug abuser, is released from a clinic he is free of drugs and has sworn never to take drugs again he returns to his old neighborhood we predict that in six months

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Steven will be abusing drugs again

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Shaping is the reinforcement of successive

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approximations of desired behavior

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Endel Tulving said that ______________ memories has to do with "knowledge of the world"

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semantic

question

In positive punishment, a stimulus that serves as a punisher is called a(n)

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aversive

question

Your text describes the use of _______________ to get a bull elephant to cooperate with having his toe nails trimmed

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shaping

question

Response maintenance can be considered generalization across _________.

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time

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Those who are most likely to learn from observing a model are probably _______.

answer

adults

question

Harry and Martha Frank found that on barrier problems dogs did not perform as well as ___________.

answer

Wolves

question

Keith and Catherine Hayes found that their adoptee, Viki, learned more from observing models than some children of about the same age. This was surprising because Viki was a _________.

answer

chimpanzee

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According to the author of your text, observational learning involves observing

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events and their consequences.

question

The findings of Eisenberger and others concerning increasing effort is called ______.

answer

learned industriousness

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