question

A common food allergy for young children is _____.

answer

soy

question

Preschoolers use extra thick crayons and pencils to help compensate for their developing _____.

answer

fine motor skills

question

Nicoli suffered a stroke in the left hemisphere of his brain. Which skill is most likely to have been affected?

answer

language

question

The left side of the brain notices details, while the right side grasps _____.

answer

the big picture

question

The long band of nerve fibers that connects the brain's hemispheres is _____.

answer

the corpus callosum

question

Regis, a 6-year-old, can correctly name objects, catch a ball and throw it, and write his ABCs in proper sequence. His younger brother Mark is much less speedy and skillful in all of these areas. What is the explanation for Regis's superior performance?

answer

Regis's brain has experienced greater myelination than Mark's.

question

Elise is beginning to learn how to write. She can hold a pencil in one hand and steady the paper with her other hand. This new ability to coordinate the duties of her right and left hands is likely due to _____.

answer

the growth of her corpus callosum

question

Why are children drawn toward eating lead-based paint chips?

answer

The paint chips taste sweet.

question

The idea that child maltreatment is rare and perpetuated by disturbed strangers _____.

answer

has been disproved by research

question

Over the past three decades in Brazil, what has been the trend in children's health and body growth?

answer

Children no longer suffer from undernutrition, but now face overnutrition.

question

Which of these is an example of secondary prevention?

answer

pushing a child out of the way of a falling ladder

question

The ultimate control and information-processing part of the brain is the _____.

answer

cerebral cortex

question

One of the most common diseases of young children in developed nations is _____.

answer

tooth decay

question

JongHyun is able to play "Go Fish," a card game that requires quick thinking. What brain change most directly supports his ability to think quickly?

answer

myelination

question

Fine motor skills depend heavily on the maturation of the _____.

answer

corpus callosum

question

Austin's parents neglected him, and the court determined that he needed to be removed from their care while his parents dealt with the issues that led to his neglect. He was placed with his aunt, who provided _____.

answer

kinship care

question

Researchers had children sort picture cards by shape. Then they asked the same children to sort the same cards by color. They found that children under the age of 4 _____.

answer

had difficulty changing to a new sorting pattern

question

In the past 20 years, the incidence of plumbism has declined due to _____.

answer

the removal of lead from paint and gasoline

question

Today, about _____ percent of people in Great Britain and the United States are left-handed.

answer

10

question

Leisha grew 4.5 inches and gained 3 pounds last year. About how many years old is Leisha likely to be?

answer

3

question

Montessori schools emphasize:

answer

individual pride and accomplishment.

question

In the early 1960s in the United States, which of the following was established to improve learning among children who are disadvantaged?

answer

Head Start programs

question

The term for the time when language learning is most easily and readily accomplished is:

answer

a sensitive period.

question

The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:

answer

fast-mapping.

question

The ability to speak or write is called _________ language.

answer

expressive

question

As water is poured from a tall and thin container into a short and fat one, the preoperational child is likely to say that there is now less water: the child is focusing only on how high the water is. This is a demonstration of what Piaget referred to as:

answer

a lack of conservation.

question

In order to foster fluent bilingualism, what do children need?

answer

scaffolding in both languages regular opportunities to speak both languages appreciation of both languages and cultures ***All of the answers are correct.

question

The term ________ refers to a person who is fluent in two languages, with one language not favored over the other.

answer

"bilingual"

question

When asked what she had for dinner, Samantha replies, "I eated pizza!" Her exclamation would be best described as an example of what aspect of language development in early childhood?

answer

overregularization

question

The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:

answer

help get all children "ready to learn."

question

The idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories is called:

answer

theory-theory

question

Which of the following statements is true about theory of mind?

answer

Culture and social interactions influence theory of mind.

question

According to the text, which of the following states provides preschool for all 4-year-olds?

answer

Oklahoma

question

Vygotsky's term for the skills that a person does not yet have independently but can experience with assistance is:

answer

zone of proximal development

question

In 2012-2013, approximately ____ percent of 4-year-olds in the United States were enrolled in state-sponsored preschools.

answer

28

question

A young child who states that "butter is made by butterflies" and "birds grow birdseed" is trying to use:

answer

logical extension.

question

What is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

answer

preoperational intelligence

question

A major problem with most state early-intervention programs is that:

answer

the funding allocated is not adequate to provide the needed characteristics for quality programs.

question

Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child assuming that the world is unchanging, so always remains just the way it is currently?

answer

static reasoning

question

Vygotsky's term for a person who has more knowledge than a child and directs the child's learning, understanding, and skills is:

answer

a mentor.

question

Erik Erikson's third developmental stage—the stage during which a strong self-concept develops —is called:

answer

initiative versus guilt.

question

In an experiment by Lepper and colleagues (1973), children who received an expected award for drawing:

answer

were less likely to draw later.

question

According to the text, ___________ is valued in many Native American cultures.

answer

patience

question

Emotional regulation differs between:

answer

younger and older children. ***All of the answers are correct. cultures. girls and boys.

question

An undercontrolled behavioral outburst is a result of ____________, and overcontrolling behavior is a result of _____________.

answer

externalizing problems; internalizing problems

question

After getting into a fight with his father, Gabe shot at his neighbors' windows with his BB gun. Gabe is most likely __________ his anger.

answer

externalizing

question

A kind of play identified by Mildred Parten is:

answer

onlooker play.

question

Rosa and Aisha are building a tower with blocks. They are working together to see how high they can stack the blocks, taking turns stacking. Which type of play are they most likely engaging in?

answer

cooperative play

question

The sociodramatic play of boys often revolves around:

answer

themes of good versus evil.

question

On average, children ages 2 to 8 of different ethnic and economic groups spend ________ a day exposed to electronic media.

answer

3 to 4½ hours

question

Johnna loves her children dearly but believes that they can do no wrong and that they should be allowed to develop without interference. Accordingly, she accepts whatever they do without control or discipline. Her parenting style could be best described as:

answer

permissive parenting.

question

According to longitudinal studies, children who become successful, happy, and generous adults generally have parents who were:

answer

authoritative.

question

Which of the following dimensions did Baumrind use to describe the variation in the standards that parents have for responsibility and self-control in their children?

answer

expectations for maturity.

question

Two-year-old Ari would most likely know what in terms of sex and gender differences?

answer

to call males men and females women

question

Freud postulated that young boys have an unconscious desire to replace their fathers and win their mother's exclusive love. He called this:

answer

the Oedipus complex.

question

All types of aggression become less frequent by age ____ due to ______________________.

answer

6; brain maturation and increases in empathy.

question

Three-year-old Tim knocks his preschool friend Dan to the ground to get a toy away from him. Tim is likely demonstrating:

answer

instrumental aggression.

question

What kind of aggression is unprovoked and involves repeated physical or verbal attacks?

answer

bullying

question

Longitudinal research has found that children who are physically punished:

answer

are more likely to become bullies, delinquents, and then abusive adults.

question

Physical punishment ________ the possibility of aggression and temporarily ______ obedience.

answer

increases; increases

Child Development Test Chapters 8, 9, 10 – Flashcards

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