Chapter 8 Memory Practice Test (PSYCH) – Flashcards
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I. The three basic processes in memory are a. encoding, storage, and retrieval b. acoustic, semantic, and eidetic c. recall, recognition, and relearning d. sensation, perception, and cognition
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a. encoding, storage, and retrieval
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2. In order for a memory to be stored it must first be a. ablated b. modeled c. retrieved d. encoded
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d. encoded
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3. If you were attempting to recall a memory, the memory process you would be using is a. encoding b. storage c. retrieval d. acquisition
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c. retrieval
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4. involves focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli or events. a. Encoding b. Attention c. Elaboration d. Clustering
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b. Attention
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5. Most theories of attention a. emphasize the nonselective nature of the process b. propose that our attention is distributed equally among all stimulus inputs c. liken it to a filter that screens out most potential stimuli while allowing a select few to pass through d. .assume that the vast majority of potential stimuli reach conscious awareness
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c. liken it to a filter that screens out most potential stimuli while allowing a select few to pass through
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"Early-selection" theories of attention propose that a. stimuli are screened out before the brain processes the meaning of sensory input b. stimuli are screened out after the brain processes the meaning of sensory input c. attention is distributed equally among all stimulus inputs that are above threshold d. stimuli are screened out before they reach the sense organs
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a. stimuli are screened out before the brain processes the meaning of sensory input
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7. Which statement best represents current thinking about early- versus late-selection theories of attention? a. The preponderance of evidence supports early selection. b. The preponderance of evidence supports late selection. c. The preponderance of evidence supports intermediate selection. d. The location of the attention filter may be flexible.
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d. The location of the attention filter may be flexible.
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8. A memory code that emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus is called a(n) code. a. structural b. phonemic c. semantic d. episodic
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a. structural
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9._____ code is a memory code that emphasizes the meaning of verbal input. a. A structural b. A phonemic c. A semantic d. An episodic
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c. A semantic
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10. Which of the following sequences represents progressively deeper levels of processing? a. phonemic, semantic, structural b. structural, semantic, phonemic c. semantic, phonemic, structural d. structural, phonemic, semantic
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d. structural, phonemic, semantic
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11.Kiana was given a list of words as part of a memory test that included: "dog, pail, and hate." Later,she' recalled these words as: "dig, paint, and hard." Kiana's errors in recall suggest that she had encoded the original word list a. phonemically b. semantically c. implicitly d. structurally
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a. phonemically
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12. The deepest level of processing of information in memory, emphasizing the meaning of the information being processed, is a. the triarchic level of encoding b. the semantic level of encoding c. attentional encoding d. dyadic encoding
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b. the semantic level of encoding
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13.Visual imagery may facilitate memory because it a. provides a second kind of memory code and two codes are better than one b. increases the personal meaningfulness of the material to be remembered c. increases the complexity of the material to be remembered d. is easier to recall visual images than words
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a. provides a second kind of memory code and two codes are better than one
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14. Self-referent encoding involves a. the creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered b. making the material to be remembered personally meaningful c. forming two kinds of memory codes for each word d. linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding
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b. making the material to be remembered personally meaningful
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15. The type of memory where information is stored for the shortest period of time is a. sensory memory b. short-term memory c. long-term memory d. working memory
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a. sensory memory
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16. Which of the following statements regarding sensory memory is not accurate? a. Information can be stored in sensory memory for only a fraction of a second. b. Sensory memory is the first component of the memory system. c. Sensory memory preserves information according to the acoustic properties of the stimulus. d. Sensory memory can preserve information from a variety of sensory modalities (e.g., visual, auditory).
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c. Sensory memory preserves information according to the acoustic properties of the stimulus.
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17. Which of the following statements regarding short-term memory (STM) is not accurate? a. The capacity of STM is limited to about 30 items of information. b. STM can maintain unrehearsed information for about 20 seconds. c. STM is the second component of the memory system. d. Through rehearsal, information in STM can be stored indefinitely.
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a. The capacity of STM is limited to about 30 items of information.
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18. When you listen to a lecture, the information is held in _____ memory until you write it in your notes. a. trace b. sensory c. short-term d. long-term
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c. short-term
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19. Information can be maintained indefinitely in short-term memory through the process of a. retrieval b. rehearsal c. encoding d. chunking
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b. rehearsal
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20. With rehearsal, information in short-term memory can be maintained for some time. Without rehearsal, the duration of short-term memory is a. no longer than I second b. about 5 seconds c. about 20 seconds d. 1-2minutes
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c. about 20 seconds
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21. You are absorbed in reading your psychology text when the phone rings. After talking on the phone,you can't remember the last thing you read. This information was lost from memory, because the phone conversation distracted you from the information. a. sensory; perceiving b. short-term; rehearsing c. long-term; rehearsing d. long-term; retrieving
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b. short-term; rehearsing
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22. Mark is listening as his roommate lists 14 things that they need to buy for their apartment before the end of the week. Based on George Miller's research into the capacity of short-term memory, if Mark doesn't write the items down as he hears them, he is most likely to remember a. less than 5 of the items from the list b. approximately 10 to 12 items from the list c. the entire list d. between 5 and 9 items from the list
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d. between 5 and 9 items from the list
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23. The "magic number seven" describes the a. duration of STM b. number of units that may be encoded in LTM at one time c. most frequently occurring number on a set of dice d. capacity of STM
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d. capacity of STM
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24. Which memory system is referred to in your text as "working memory"? a. sensory memory b. short-term memory c. long-term memory d. all of these collectively
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b. short-term memory
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25. The memory system that has an almost unlimited storage capacity is a. time-based memory b. long-term memory c. working memory d. auditory sensory memory
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b. long-term memory
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26. Flashbulb memories are a. memories for information b. memories for actions, skills, and operations c. chronological recollections of personal experiences d. unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events
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d. unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events
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27. In Serena's law class they are discussing high-profile cases and when they get to the O. J. Simpson case, Serena suddenly has a vivid memory of watching the white Bronco driving slowly down the freeway. She feels like she can recall every detail of that night, right down to the snacks she and her roommate were eating. This would be an example of a. a flashbulb memory b. sensory memory c. procedural memory d. an implicit memory
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a. a flashbulb memory
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28. Which of the following statements regarding the storage of information in long-term memory is not accurate? a. Flashbulb memories tend to become less detailed and complete with time. b. Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) can elicit descriptions of past events. c. Hypnosis-aided recollections of age-regressed subjects are remarkably accurate. d. Psychologists cannot absolutely rule out the possibility that all memories are stored permanently in long-term memory.
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c. Hypnosis-aided recollections of age-regressed subjects are remarkably accurate.
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29. Clustering occurs when one a. remembers similar or related items in groups b. uses a semantic network to encode new information c. recalls information based on the use of related schemata or scripts d. associates various stimuli in order to maintain a greater quantity of information in short-term memory
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a. remembers similar or related items in groups
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30. One of the notable features of LTM is that it is organized according to a clustering principle, which means a. grouping items in LTM that occurred close together in time b. the tendency to remember related items in groups or categories c. grouping words that look alike in LTM d. making a network of items in LTM
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b. the tendency to remember related items in groups or categories
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31. A multilevel classification system based on common properties among items is called a. a script b. a schema c. a conceptual hierarchy d. a mnemonic device
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c. a conceptual hierarchy
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32. A student's organized set of expectations about how a college professor is supposed to act is an example of a a. schema b. chunk c. semantic network d. script
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a. schema
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33. Brock was describing the inside of his doctor's office to one of his friends. In his description he mentions that there were two diplomas on the wall, even though this doctor does not have any diplomas displayed on the wall. Brock's error in recall illustrates a. the role of semantic networks in long-term memory b. the need for conceptual hierarchies in long-term memory c. the need for a good executive control system in short-term memory d. the role of schemas in long-term memory
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d. the role of schemas in long-term memory
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34. Scripts are a. storage locations for memories b. schemata about procedures we use in daily life c. the associations we have with the denotative meaning of a word d. long-term sequences of actions that result from effective decision making
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b. schemata about procedures we use in daily life
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35. Nodes representing concepts joined together by pathways that link related concepts is referred to as a(n) a. clustering hierarchy b. organizational schema c. lexical ordering d. semantic network
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d. semantic network
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36. According to the notion of semantic networks, which pair of words would be linked most closely? a. car-nose b. boat-goat c. fill-feed d. tree-bird
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d. tree-bird
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37. The idea that when you think about a word it triggers related words is referred to as a. a conceptual hierarchy response b. clustering c. elaborative rehearsal d. spreading activation within a semantic network
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d. spreading activation within a semantic network
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38. The "tip of the tongue" phenomenon refers to a. saying something before you've had a chance to think about it b. dreamlike material that you recall during alpha-wave presleep c. a mnemonic device to help you store information in long-term memory d. feeling like you know something but are unable to recall it
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d. feeling like you know something but are unable to recall it
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39.. Which of the following statements regarding the role of context in memory is accurate? a. Context cues often facilitate the retrieval of information. b. Context cues generally facilitate the retrieval of visual information, but interfere with the ability to recall auditory information. c. Context cues generally facilitate the retrieval of auditory information, but interfere with the ability to recall visual information. d. Context exerts no systematic influence on the encoding and retrieval of information.
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a. Context cues often facilitate the retrieval of information.
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40. We can probably attribute the failing memory of senior citizens who move from a home they've lived in for an extended time into another residence to a. a protein deficiency b. the lack of retrieval cues c. a lack of elaboration d. the confusion associated with a decaying memory
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b. the lack of retrieval cues
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41. Which of the following statements regarding hypnosis and memory is not accurate? a. Reinstatement of context can facilitate recall of information even without hypnosis. b. Research suggests that hypnosis generally increases subjects' ability to recall correct information. c. Courts tend to be very cautious about allowing hypnosis-aided recollections as admissible testimony. d. All of these statements are accurate.
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b. Research suggests that hypnosis generally increases subjects' ability to recall correct information.
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42.Tyler witnessed an automobile accident and heard one of the bystanders casually mention that the driver was probably intoxicated. Even though the driver had not been drinking, and had never crossed the center line, Tyler tells the police officer who is investigating the accident that the car had been "weaving all over the road." Tyler's faulty recall illustrates a. proactive interference b. implicit memory readjustment c. the misinformation effect d. mood-dependent memory
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c. the misinformation effect
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43. Which of the following has been offered as an explanation for the misinformation effect? a. The new misinformation destroys and replaces the original memory of the event. b. The new misinformation interferes with the retrieval of the original memory. c. Individuals can access both the original memory and the altered memory, but they have difficulty distinguishing the original. d. All of these have been offered as explanations.
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d. All of these have been offered as explanations.
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44. The process of making attributions about the origins of memories is referred to as a. reality monitoring b. source monitoring c. buffering d. a contraindication
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b. source monitoring
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45.The process of deciding on whether a memory is based on an external source or an internal source is referred to as a. reality monitoring b. transmogrification c. either an internal or external attribution d. the locus of causality
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a. reality monitoring
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46.Jeannie believes her research idea was original with her, but it was really one she had heard from a colleague in an earlier discussion. Jeannie's belief is referred to as an example of a. cryptomnesia b. anterograde amnesia c. retrograde amnesia d. plagiarasmia
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a. cryptomnesia
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47. This multiple-choice question is an example of a measure of retention. a. recall b. recognition c. relearning d. reiteration
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b. recognition
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48. LeAnn had her purse snatched as she walked out to her caL The police who are investigating the crime ask LeAnn to try to pick the purse snatcher out of a line-up of eight suspects. The police are basically using a. a recognition task to recover information from LeAnn'smemory b. a recall task to recover information from LeAnn's memory c. transfer-appropriate encoding to recover information from LeAnn's memory d. a misinformation task to recover information from LeAnn'smemory
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LeAnn to try to pick the purse snatcher out of a line-up of eight suspects. The police are basically using
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49. If you are asked what your grandmother's maiden name was, this is a ___________ question. a. recall b. recognition c. relearning d. reiteration
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a. recall
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50, Which of the following statements regarding recall and recognition is not accurate? a. Research conducted in the 1920s indicated that subjects' performance on recognition measures was far superior to their performance on recall measures. b. The difficulty of a recognition task can vary greatly, depending on the number, similarity, and plausibility of the options provided. c. Some researchers have suggested that recognition tasks are especially sensitive measures of retention. d. The findings from recent research suggest that college students actually perform better on recall tasks than they do on recognition tasks.
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d. The findings from recent research suggest that college students actually perform better on recall tasks than they do on recognition tasks.
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51. A relearning measure requires subjects to a. memorize information a second time to determine how much time or effort is saved b. select previously learned information from an array of options c. reproduce information on their own without any cues d, indicate whether a given piece of information is familiar
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a. memorize information a second time to determine how much time or effort is saved
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52. Generally, which type of test should be easiest? a. a short-answer test b. an essay test c. a multiple-choice test d. an oral test
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c. a multiple-choice test
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53. Pseudoforgetting is viewed as a function of a. interference effects b. lack of attention c. hippocampal damage d. insufficient retrieval cues
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b. lack of attention
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54. Pseudoforgetting is information loss due to ineffective a. encoding only b. storage only c. retrieval only d. encoding, storage, and retrieval
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a. encoding only
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55. If you're thinking about your plans for the weekend while you are reading your psychology textbook, the reason you will probably forget most of what you read is that you've used encoding,which is inferior to encoding for retention of verbal material. a. phonemic; semantic b. semantic; reconstructive c. phonemic; proactive d. proactive; semantic
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a. phonemic; semantic
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56. Decay theory suggests that forgetting is due to a. ineffective encoding b. impermanent storage c. retrieval failure d. interference effects
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b. impermanent storage
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57. Imagine that researchers find some memories are lost very quickly from memory while other memories are much longer lasting. This evidence would create the most problems for a. the decay theory of forgetting b. the interference theory of forgetting c. the repression theory of forgetting d. the neurochemical theory of forgetting
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a. the decay theory of forgetting
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58. In studies of long-term memory, researchers have found that a. the mere passage of time is the sole cause of forgetting b. the passage of time is more influential than what happens during the time interval c. the passage of time is not as influential as what happens during the time interval d. subjects who sleep during the retention interval forget more than those who remain awake
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c. the passage of time is not as influential as what happens during the time interval
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59. You have an exam at 8 a.m. and it is now 8 p.m. the night before. You have studied well. The best thing to do now is a. study some other similar topic b. study some other very different topic c. play cards with others in the dorm d. sleep all night
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d. sleep all night
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60. occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information. a. Retroactive interference b. Proactive interference c. Retrograde amnesia d. Anterograde amnesia
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a. Retroactive interference
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61. You move to a new house and memorize your new phone number. Now, you can't remember your old phone number. This is an example of a. retroactive interference b. proactive interference c. retrograde amnesia d. motivated forgetting
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a. retroactive interference
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62. Proactive interference occurs when a. new information impairs the retention of previously learned information b. previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information c. a person loses memories of events that occurred prior to a head injury d. a person loses memories of events that occur after a head injury
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b. previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information
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63. your female friend recently got married and changed her last name to that of her husband's. You have difficulty remembering her new last name because of a. . proactive interference b. retroactive interference c. memory decay d. response inhibition
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a. proactive interference
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64. Interference effects on retention are greatest when the interfering learning is a. similar to the material to be remembered b. dissimilar to the material to be remembered c. unrelated to the material to be remembered d. similarity of the materials does not seem to affect retention
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a. similar to the material to be remembered
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65. The encoding specificity principle states that a. forgetting is due only to the passage of time b. forgetting is usually due to interference from competing memories c. retrieval failure is often due to a mismatch between the available retrieval cues and the memory code d. forgetting involves purposeful suppression of memories
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c. retrieval failure is often due to a mismatch between the available retrieval cues and the memory code
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66. To be most effective, a retrieval cue should be a. congruent with the original encoding of material b. similar in meaning to the material c. similar in sensory appearance to the material d. very distinctive in character
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a. congruent with the original encoding of material
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67. You meet a man at a party and carefully store his name along with an image of his face. The next day, he calls you on the phone, but you can't remember his name. According to the encoding specificity principle, this is because a. the sound of his voice is an inappropriate retrieval cue b. you never paid attention to his name in the first place c. the name is no longer in your long-term memory d. the name is in your sensory store only
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a. the sound of his voice is an inappropriate retrieval cue
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68. The concept of motivated forgetting is based largely on the work of which of the following early psychologists? a. Hermann Ebbinghaus b. Sigmund Freud c. John Watson d. Wilhelm Wundt
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b. Sigmund Freud
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69. Which of the following terms is synonymous with "motivated forgetting"? a. regression b. repression c. sublimation d. rationalization
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b. repression
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70. Which of the following statements regarding the repressed memories of childhood abuse is not accurate? a. Some accused parents have argued that their children's recollections are false memories created by therapists. b. Many clinical psychologists accept recovered memories of abuse at face value. c. Many psychologists involved in research on memory have expressed skepticism about the recent upsurge of recovered memories of abuse. d. All of these statements are accurate.
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d. All of these statements are accurate.
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71.Which of the following arguments is least likely to be made by psychologists who doubt the authenticity of repressed memories of childhood abuse? a. Self-assessments of memory are often distorted. b. People are probably lying about their previously repressed memories. c. Therapists sometimes operate under the assumption that virtually all psychological problems are attributable to childhood sexual abuse. d. There have been a number of cases in which recovered memories of childhood abuse have been discredited.
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b. People are probably lying about their previously repressed memories.
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72. Those who question the accuracy of repressed memories are most likely to cite research on which of the following? a. the misinformation effect b. flashbulb memories c. retroactive interference d. connectionist models of memory
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a. the misinformation effect
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73. Which of the following statements best reflects the current view of the repressed memories controversy? a. It seems likely that most cases of recovered memories are authentic. b. It appears that many therapists are deliberately creating false memories in their patients. c. Recovered memories of childhood abuse can be summarily dismissed. d. We should be extremely careful about accepting recovered memories of abuse in the absence of convincing corroboration.
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d. We should be extremely careful about accepting recovered memories of abuse in the absence of convincing corroboration.
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74. Research has related which of the following physiological processes to memory functioning? a. alterations in synaptic transmission b. the creation of localized neural circuits in the brain c. hormonal fluctuations d. All of these physiological processes have been related to memory functioning.
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d. All of these physiological processes have been related to memory functioning.
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75. Based on studies of the biochemistry of memory in animals, which of the following conclusions is not accurate? a. Hormonal changes can either facilitate or impair memory. b. Memories can be chemically transferred from one animal to another. c. The administration of drugs that interfere with protein synthesis impairs long-term memory in some animals. d. Memory formation may result in alterations in synaptic transmission at specific sites.
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b. Memories can be chemically transferred from one animal to another.
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76. Thompson's work with the conditioned eye blink in rabbits suggest that a. learning may depend on very specific and localized brain circuits b. there is little hope of finding localized brain changes in learning c. brain action in learning is too diffuse to map out d. none of these statements is accurate
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a. learning may depend on very specific and localized brain circuits
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77. The long-lasting increase in neural excitability at synapses of a specific neural pathway is referred to as a. spreading cortical activation b. long-term potentiation c. transfer-appropriate excitation d. an engram process
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b. long-term potentiation
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78. Evidence from studies of which of the following most clearly supports the idea that memory traces consist of specific neural circuits? a. long-term potentiation b. retrograde amnesia c. electrical stimulation of the brain d. the transfer of RNA from one animal to another
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a. long-term potentiation
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79. Retrograde amnesia refers to an inability to • a. form or recall new memories b. recall old memories c. recall events about oneself d. do all of these things
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b. recall old memories
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80. Dave is thrown from his motorcycle and suffers a severe blow to the head, resulting in loss of memory for events that occurred before the accident. This is an example of a. retrograde amnesia b. anterograde amnesia c. motivated forgetting d. retroactive interference
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a. retrograde amnesia
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81. Damage to which of the following is most likely to cause deficits in long-term memory? a. limbic system b. hippocampal region c. sympathetic nervous system d. Broca's area
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b. hippocampal region
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82. Which of the following areas of the brain is associated with the severe memory impairment that occurs in Alzheimer's disease? a. limbic system b. hippocampal region c. sympathetic nervous system d. Broca's area
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a. limbic system
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83. The gradual conversion of information into durable long-term memory codes is called a. long-term potentiation b. postsynaptic conversion c. elaboration d. consolidation
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d. consolidation
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84. The current thinking is that memories are consolidated in the _____ and stored in the ____ a. limbic system; cerebellum b. hippocampal region; cortex c. cortex; limbic system d. cerebellum; hippocampus
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b. hippocampal region; cortex
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85. According to the notion of consolidation, memories of visual information are most likely to be stored in a. the limbic system b. areas of the visual cortex c. the hippocampal region d. the cerebellum
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b. areas of the visual cortex
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86. Implicit memory is ____, is accessed _____, and can be best assessed with _____ measures of retention. a. unconscious; indirectly; relearning b. unconscious; indirectly; recognition c. conscious; indirectly; relearning d. conscious; directly; recall
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a. unconscious; indirectly; relearning
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87. Which type of memory is reasonably unaffected by amnesia? a. explicit memory b. implicit memory c. episodic memory d. generative memory
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b. implicit memory
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88. The memory system that contains words, definitions, events, and ideas is the a. episodic memory system b. declarative memory system c. procedural memory system d. assimilative memory system
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b. declarative memory system
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89. Your birth date and your mother's maiden name are most likely to be contained in your _____________ memory system. a. procedural b. declarative c. episodic d. independent
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b. declarative
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90. Procedural memory a. is memory for factual information b. is memory for actions, skills, and operations c. is made up of chronological recollections of personal experiences d. contains general knowledge that is not temporally dated
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b. is memory for actions, skills, and operations
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91. Some theorists believe that implicit memory is handled by the _________ memory system. a. episodic b. state-dependent c. semantic d. procedural
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d. procedural
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92. Some theorists believe that the ______ memory system may handle implicit remembering, while the _____ memory system handles explicit remembering. a. procedural; declarative b. declarative; procedural c. independent; procedural d. declarative; independent
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a. procedural; declarative
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93. The memory system that contains the memory for how to type on a typewriter or drive an automobile is the _____ memory system. a. cerebellum b. schematic c. procedural d. episodic
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c. procedural
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94. Declarative memory appears to be handled by the __________________ and the areas of the cortex with which it communicates. a. cerebellum b. medulla c. limbic system d. hippocampal complex
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a. cerebellum
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95. The subdivision of the declarative memory system made up of chronological recollections of personal experiences is referred to as a. network memory b. nodal memory c. episodic memory d. event-evoked memory
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c. episodic memory
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96. ____ memory is made up of temporally dated recollections of personal experiences. a. Episodic b. Declarative c. Semantic d. Explicit
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a. Episodic
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97. General knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned is contained in _____ memory. a. episodic b. semantic c. implicit d. procedural
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b. semantic
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98. Dave is reminiscing about the first car he owned in high school and how he felt the first time he drove it through town. This is an example of memory. a. procedural b. declarative c. episodic d. semantic
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c. episodic
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99. Practicing material already learned in order to improve retention is referred to as a. chunking b. memorization c. elaboration d. overlearning
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d. overlearning
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100. Overlearning material will a. not improve retention b. improve retention c. improve retention for nonsense syllables but not much else d. results in "burnout"
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b. improve retention
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101. The _______ effect occurs when subjects show better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list than for items in the middle. a. clustering b. elaboration c. serial-position d. consolidation
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c. serial-position
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102. According to the serial-position effect, subjects tend to show better recall for items ________ of a list than for items _______ a. at the beginning and end; in the middle b. in the middle; at the beginning and end c. at the end; at the beginning d. in the middle; at the beginning
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a. at the beginning and end; in the middle
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103. Distributed practice refers to learning a. through several different senses b. over several sessions c. all at once d. from several different sources
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b. over several sessions
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104. Massed practice refers to learning material a. across several large sessions b. all at once c. in a qniet place with no distractions d. with large numbers of people (masses)
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b. all at once
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105. A good strategy for minimizing interference with retention of course material is to a. conduct a last, thorough review of material as close to exam time as possible b. engage in massed practice c. overlearn the material d. spend less time on rote repetition of the material
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a. conduct a last, thorough review of material as close to exam time as possible
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106. The empirical finding that outlining material from textbooks can enhance retention of the material is most consistent with which of the following approaches for improving memory? a. massed practice b. distributed practice c. organization d. deep processing
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c. organization
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107. ROY G BlV is a fictitious name people use to help them remember the order of colors in the color spectrum. ROY G BIV is an example of a. the method of loci b. a mnemonic c. Aristotle's method of memory d. memoranda
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b. a mnemonic
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108. Which one of the three levels of processing would probably be employed when attempting to memorize the following three-letter sequences WAB WAC WAD? a. structural b. semantic c. phonemic d. chunking
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a.structural
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109. Retrieval from long-term memory is usually best when the information has been stored at which level of processing? a. structural b. semantic c. phonemic d. chunking
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b. semantic
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110. When you attempt to recall the name of a high school classmate by imagining yourself back in the English class with her, you are making use of a. retrieval cues b. context cues c. schemas d. recognition cues
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b. context cues
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Ill. Ineffective encoding of information may result in a. the primacy effect b. the recency effect c. pseudoforgetting d. chunking
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c. pseudoforgetting
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112. Chunking is the a. elaboration of information in short-term memory for storage into long- term memory b. process of passing information from sensory memory to short-term memory c. actual storage process of information in long-term memory d. method used to increase the amount of information one can hold in short-term memory
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d. method used to increase the amount of information one can hold in short-term memory
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113. According to interference theory a. people forget information because of competition from other material b. forgetting is due to ineffective encoding c. the principal cause of forgetting should be the passage of time d. the events that occur during the retention interval do not affect forgetting
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a. people forget information because of competition from other material
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114. In anterograde amnesia a. new information impairs the retention of previously learned information b. previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information c. a person loses memories of events that occurred prior to a head injury d. a person loses memories of events that occur after a head injury
answer
d. a person loses memories of events that occur after a head injury
