Chapter 7 & 8 Test Answers – Flashcards
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If you were to suggest one of the most effective ways for teachers to help their students learn new information more effectively, which of the following would be the most effective strategy?
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Relate new information to what the students already know.
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Three days a week, 8-year-old Erica meets with a tutor after school to help her with her reading and writing skills. If you wanted to know how much Erica is benefiting from the tutoring, you would most likely use:
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A dynamic assessment instrument
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It is difficult for children to think about too many things all at the same time—a fact that reflects:
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The limited capacity of working memory
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Alicia, Amy, and Ann are in the same tenth-grade history class; the girls are from different ethnic backgrounds. They are studying together for a test on World War II. The girls share the opinion that racism was a widespread problem during the war, but they disagree about which actions were most racist in nature. Which one of the following explanations of their differences is most consistent with contemporary theories of cognitive development?
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Their differing heritages lead them to bring different knowledge bases to their interpretations of history.
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How do young children's estimates of their memory capacity relate to reality?
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They usually overestimate how much they can remember.
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Mariana teaches in a classroom of students whose parents are diplomats, so the students come to the United States after living and attending school in different countries around the world. One student in particular seems to have difficulty on classroom tests and assignments. The most useful first step for Mariana to take is to:
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meet with the student and his or her parents to learn more about the child's past educational experiences.
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Within the context of Vygotsky's perspective of cognitive development, why do students who are gifted often not benefit from regular classroom instruction?
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Because they aren't working within their zone of proximal development
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Poor nutrition is a problem for many children who live in poverty. Which one of the following situations is likely to be associated with poor nutrition?
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Jill appears to have trouble remembering things and does not seem motivated to achieve in school.
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3. Which one of the following examples best illustrates involvement of a central executive in information processing?
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Brigette thinks about how she can best prepare for a history test.
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The original purpose of intelligence tests is still their main purpose today—that is, to:
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Identify children who may require special services or interventions
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If you are concerned about the reliability of an intelligence test, which one of the following questions would you be most likely to ask?
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Does this test rely heavily on language skills?
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Which one of the following students is most likely to have trouble learning in a noisy classroom?
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1st Grader
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Wendy sees a picture of a beach and then later tries to draw the picture from memory. She draws shells on the beach even though the beach in the picture had no shells. Using the concept of schema, how could we explain Wendy's error?
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Wendy's schema of how a typical beach looks includes shells.
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An information processing perspective of development portrays cognitive development as:
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Gradually improving cognitive abilities
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Which form of problem solving are you likely to see in a one-year-old?
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Removing a barrier to get to a desired toy
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Twin studies show that monozygotic (identical) twins who are raised in separate homes have similar IQ scores. Such evidence:
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Suggests that intelligence is partly influenced by heredity
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Which one of the following items on an intelligence test is most likely to have cultural bias?
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Croquet is to mallet as golf is to _______.
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Which one of the following statements best describes a nativist perspective of child development?
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Children are naturally disposed to think about their environment in particular ways; in a sense, some basic knowledge about the world is "pre-wired."
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After looking up the word rhinoceros in the dictionary, Miguel repeats the letters over and over to himself to help him remember them. Which one of the following strategies does Miguel's behavior illustrate?
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rehearsal
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Lily is ten years old. She gets a score of 97 on an IQ test. What does this tell us about her intellectual ability?
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Lily's score is fairly average for her age group.
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Different theorists conceptualize intelligence differently, but most agree that intelligence:
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Involves many different cognitive processes
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The teacher of a sixth grade class is concerned about the poor academic performance of a 12-year-old student named Nancy. The teacher looks through Nancy's school records and discovers that Nancy got an IQ score of 80 when she took an intelligence test in preschool. Considering the textbook's discussion of IQ scores, the teacher should conclude that:
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Nancy's IQ score in preschool is not necessarily a good reflection of her capability in sixth grade.
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If teachers adopt Gardner's view of intelligence, they would be most likely to conclude that:
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Most students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another.
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When 5-year-old Clinton looks at the road map his parents are using to plan a trip, he laughs and exclaims, "That's silly. Our car can't fit on roads that small!" Which one of the following best explains Clinton's statement?
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Clinton doesn't yet fully appreciate the symbolic nature of maps.
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Sam is a very talented dancer; he also shows considerable creativity in art class. He finds math and science classes very difficult, but he loves to read and tell stories to his many friends. Which view of intelligence is best reflected in Sam's abilities?
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Gardner's multiple intelligences
