question

Some biological theorists believe that morality lies in the "emotion" center of the brain.

answer

True

question

Correctional programs have been shown to improve morality scores among offender populations.

answer

True

question

The brain releases oxtocin in settings where there are feelings of anger or fear.

answer

False, trust and generosity

question

According to learning theory, moral behavior is learned best through reinforcement and exposure to hight order reasoning.

answer

False

question

According to Kohlberg, moral development is closely related to intellectual development.

answer

True

question

According to Kohlberg, all people progress through each stage of moral development until they reach the highest stage.

answer

False, some never reach the highest stage.

question

According to Gilligan, men are not capable of analyzing an ethical dilemma using the care perspective.

answer

False

question

Kohlberg's seventh stage of moral development centers on the concept of agape.

answer

True

question

According to the text, training clases in ethics have more influence over the behavior of employees than the behavior of administrators and supervisors.

answer

False

question

Zak referes to oxytocin as the "moral molecule".

answer

True

question

An employee who reveals unethical behavior in an organization is known as a whistleblower.

answer

True

question

The importance of Kohlberg's work is the link he makes between gender and moral development.

answer

False, reason and moral development

question

Sherman suggest that coercion is a key element in criminal justice, so the moral issue related to coercin should be studied.

answer

True

question

Kohlberg's research indicates that, while their are six stages of moral development, people pass through these stages in different orders, depending on their , upbringing.

answer

False, you can not pass the stages.

question

Albert Bandura is best-known for his theories regarding the biological factors that influence one's moral development.

answer

False

question

are "paper-and-pencil" tests that measure an individual's ability to recognize and/or agree with moral terms.

answer

Recognition Tests

question

Sherman says that ethics courses relating to criminal justice should include understanding the morality of ,since the concept is intrinsic to the criminal justice system.

answer

coercion

question

Using words that downplay the seriousness of out actions is an example of .

answer

Euphemistic Labeling

question

The term refers to an individual's feeling of competence.

answer

self-efficiency

question

theories of behavior propose individuals have normal growth patterns in such areas as morality and emotional maturity.

answer

Delelopmental

question

Kohlberg's "moral stages" are , meaning that each succeeding stage encompasses and is more comprehensive and complicated than the precceding stage.

answer

Hierachical Intergation

question

refers to a non-exclusive love and acceptance of everyone.

answer

Agape

question

Gilligan suggests women tend to approach moral dilemmas with an orientation emphasizing relationships and needs; she refers to this as the:

answer

Care Perspective

question

According to theorists, the most effective way to change behaviors; that is, supervision and disipline are the vehicles to creating an ethical organization.

answer

Learning Theorist

question

are employees who expose what they believe to be wrongdoing or illegality in their organization.

answer

Whistleblowers

question

Pinker's concept of the " " refers to the idea that humans are naturally peaceful and altruistic.

answer

Noble Savage

question

A person whose moral development has progressed to the point where he or she has moved beyond the norms of society to determine universal good is, accorfing to Kohlberg, at the level.

answer

Post-Conventional

question

Gilligan found that most men analyze moral decisions with a rules or justice orientation (stage 4), whereas many women see the same moral dilemma with an orientation toward:

answer

Needs and Relationships

question

Research indicates that workers are more likely to make unethical choices when they are:

answer

Busy and Stressed

question

One who justifies unethical behavior by claiming to only be following orders is using Bandura's method of cognitive restructuring.

answer

Displacement of Responsibility

question

The theory that expains the people's behaviors influenced by their cognitive and emotional stage of maturity is defined as:

answer

Developmental Theory

question

Bahvior that is based on rewards is what theory?

answer

Learning Theory

question

The concept of six stages of moral growth was authored by which researcher?

answer

Kohlberg

question

According to Gardner, which cognitive ability is needed to achieve excellence through ethical practices?

answer

Creating Mind, Disciplined Mind, and Synthesizing

question

A perspective focused on the notions of equality, rights, and universality is known as:

answer

Justice Perspective

question

The care perspective was labeled by which researcher?

answer

Gilligan

question

Influencing ones behavior by responding with rewards is knwon as:

answer

Reinforcement

question

A survey of police chiefs found that ethics training modules should be:

answer

four hours or less

question

Rear lobes of the brain seemt o be implicated in feelings of empathy, shame, and moral reasoning.

answer

False, Frontal lobes

question

What are the characteristics of the frontal lobes damages?

answer

Increased Impulsiveness, Difficult following instructions, Decreased attention span.

question

According to Shafer's research on police leadership, which factor emerged as the strongest in terms of effectiv leadership?

answer

Honest and Integrity

question

Garnder argues that ethics apply only to individuals, and that we cannot expect to be ethical.

answer

False

question

Carol Gilligan, one of Kohlberg's students, found a difference in moral reasoning between:

answer

Men and women

question

One of the theories of moral development is learning theory.

answer

True

question

Gilligan proposed a difference between men and women in the perspective they bring to moral reasoning.

answer

True

question

Kohlberg's main emphasis of study was on how moral development took place in stages.

answer

True

question

According to Bandura, self-efficiency is defined as the ability to:

answer

Feel competent by comparing the self to others.

question

The car perspective was labeled by:

answer

Gilligan

question

According to the text, if reward structure and informal culture of the organization support unethical beahvior then:

answer

Ethical training is a waste of time.

question

In values and moral beliefs come from those whom one admires and aspires to identity with:

answer

Modeling

question

All of the following components of developmental theories:

answer

Cognitive development, Physical development, Emotional development

question

Trautman's "corruption continuum" explains:

answer

How organizations can become corrupt.

question

Souryal's advice to leaders who would like to advance ethical decision making include all below:

answer

-Create an enviorment that is conductive to dignified treatment on the job. - Increase ethical awearness among the ranks through formal and informal socialization. - Avoid decpetion and manipulation in the way officers are assigned, rewarded, or promoted. - Allow openness and the free flow of unclassified information. - Foster a sense of shared values and incorporate such values in the subculture of the agency. - Demonstrate an obligation to honesty, fairness, and decency by example. -Discuss the issue of corruption publicly, expose corrupt behavior, and reward ethical behavior.

question

Metz (1990) offers a similar set of advice as Souryal he proposes that ethical administators follow these:

answer

- Establish realistic goals and objectives. - Provide ethical leadership (meaning set a moral tone by actions) - Establish formal written codes of ethics. - Provide a whistleblowing mechanism. - Discipline violators of ethical standards. - Train all personnel in ethics.

Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards