ESOL - Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

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Plyler v. Doe (1982)

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What ruling prohibits schools from requiring social security numbers from students?

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Lau v. Nichols (1974)

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What ruling determined that the same schools, the same teachers, and the same textbooks does not constitute equal education if the students cannot understand the education they receive?

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What is the student's country of birth?

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What question shall NOT appear on the Home Language Survey?

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15 semester hours or 300 in-service credit points

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What are the ESOL training requirements for Category I teachers?

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3 credit hours or 60 in-service training hours

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What are the ESOL training requirements for these school personnel: School Administrators, Guidance Counselors, & Library Personnel?

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culturally and linguistically diverse

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What does the abbreviation CLD stand for in the course text?

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English Language Learner

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What does the abbreviation ELL stand for in this course?

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limited english proficiency

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What does the abbreviation LEP stand for in this course?

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critical language analysis

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What does the abbreviation CLA stand for in the course text?

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English language development

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What does the abbreviation ELD stand for in the course text?

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Tollefson

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This scholar has examined issues of language equity or the social policies and practices that lead to inequality for non-native speakers.

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Cummins

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This scholar has examined educational practices that function as collaborative relations of power and set these against counter-practices that are coercive in nature.

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Bourdieu

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This scholar has examined the idea that language can be considered cultural capital and is part of social goods that people accumulate.

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Foucault

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This scholar has examined the spread of power relations in the modern world and how those relations are sustained by means of networks shaped largely by language practices.

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Fairclough

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This scholar has examined the study of the role of language in the workings of power as it is featured linguistically in discourse.

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Language Policy

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An organized pursuit of solutions to language problems typically at the national level or efforts exerted to create and manipulate attitudes toward languages and language variations.

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Critical Perspective

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A way of looking at the boarder social issues of dual-language proficiency and language policy.

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The Study of Descriptive Language Behavior

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An approach that seeks to understand the relationship of language behavior and social participation by examining such linguistic phenomena as diglossia or code-shifting.

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The Study of Evaluative Language Behavior

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A look at language policy issues as efforts to standardize or purify language or movements to establish national languages or legislate language usage.

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Critical Language Analysis

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The study of the tools or linguistic features of discourse, which are used to discover power messages are conveyed.

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Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages

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A national professional organization that has a state counterpart and carries publications with news from state affiliates and newsletters from state organizations that concern local issues. The focus of this organization is on the English-language.

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Florida Consent Decree

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This language policy document is the result of a lawsuit filed in the state of Florida and is the motivation behind the ESOL infused courses, the ESOL standalone courses, and the certification programs that exist in Florida for ESOL education.

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The National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE)

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A national professional organization that has a state counterpart and carries publications with news from state affiliates and newsletters from state organizations that concern local issues. The focus of this organization is on bilingualism.

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Critical Pedagogy Stance

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This position calls for a liberating education of transforming action, in which teachers are dedicated to social change.

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Cultural Capital

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This term refers to the idea that language is a part of the social goods that people accumulate and use to asset power and social class advantage.

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Schools (and educational institutions in general) were not implementing sufficient programs for English language learners (ELLs), so litigation played an important role in addressing the needs of this population.

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According to Peter Roos in the video lecture Legal Issues and ESOL, which of the following statements is true?

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The Florida consent decree requires schools to go beyond meeting the basic needs of ELLs by providing support for four obligations that must be met. These obligations include developing pedagogically sound approaches, implementing these approaches with both teachers and resources, assessing the success of the program, and adjusting the program if students are not succeeding.

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According to Peter Roos in the video lecture Legal Issues and ESOL, which of the following statements is true?

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Colorado

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According to Peter Roos in the video lecture Legal Issues and ESOL, which of the following states has no state law per se, but does have a state funding law?

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All teachers receive ESOL training and all teachers are familiar with the needs of of ESOL students.

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According to Peter Roos in the video lecture Legal Issues and ESOL, which of the following statements is a positive outcome from the implementation of the Florida Consent Decree?

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Before the 300 hour mandate was implemented in the state of Florida and ESOL training was not required, there was a lack of ESOL training for teachers. In fact only 40 to 50 teachers had a masters degree in ESOL in the entire state of Florida.

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According to Peter Roos in the video lecture Legal Issues and ESOL, which of the following statements is true?

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Promote ethnocentrism

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Which of the following IS NOT a responsibility of the intercultural educator?

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Structural Assimilation

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Participation in social, political, and economic institutions and organizations of a new society is called:

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Teachers setting low expectations for minority students

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While blatant discrimination may be a thing of the past, how might discrimination manifest itself today?

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Individual Cultural Contact

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Euphoria, Culture Shock, and Adaptation are considered stages of:

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Cultural Assimulation

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When members of an ethnic group adopt the behaviors, values, beliefs, and lifestyle of a dominant culture, it is referred to as:

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True

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Culture simplifies living.

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True

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Kea, Campbell-Whatley, and Richards define sociocultural consciousness as "understanding that one's way of thinking, behaving, and being is influenced by race, ethnicity, social class, and language."

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True

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The following statements reflect the privileges of being a member of the dominant race/class/gender: 1.) My children will see their race, gender or class represented in curricular materials. 2.) My behavior is not taken as a reflection on my race, class, or gender. 3.) I can criticize our government without being seen as a cultural outsider. 4.) "The person in charge" is usually a person of my race, class, or gender.

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False

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The term mainstream culture refers to those individuals or groups who do not share the values of the dominant macro culture.

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True

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The first stage in individual cultural contact is sometimes called a honeymoon period

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achievement

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According to the course text, an intercultural educator should possess these skills and responsibilities: 1. Understand culture and cultural diversity 2. Strive for equity in schooling 3. Promote ___________________

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implicit

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Culture is the explicit and ________________ patterns for living, a dynamic system of commonly agreed-upon surface and deep structure concepts that make up the total way of life of a people, as negotiated by individuals in the process of constructing a personal identity.

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awareness

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A thorough understanding and _______________ of one's own culture and culturally-based attitudes, values, behaviors and expectations are prerequisites to understanding cultures different from one's own.

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structural

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_____________ assimilation is participation in the social, political, and economic institutions and organizations of mainstream society.

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acculturation

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When individuals adapt effectively to the mainstream culture, they are said to have completed the act of _________________.

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assertiveness

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When applying a Twelve-Skill Approach to interethnic conflict, step four involves using appropriate __________________ by applying strategies to attack the problem not the person.

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processes

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__________________ include such things as how one interacts with students, the nature of communication with students, classroom management styles and strategies, the nature of school home communication, school policies and regulations, and virtually every aspect of schooling apart from the actual content that is taught.

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cultural

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_____________ assimilation is the process by which individuals adopt the behaviors, values, beliefs, and lifestyle of the dominant culture.

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congruence

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Since the contact of cultures occurs daily, the ________________ or lack thereof between mainstream and minority cultures has lasting effects on students.

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content

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The ________________ of instruction can serve to validate a student's background when cultural knowledge is infused throughout the curriculum and text materials, student projects, and through teachers' examples in the classroom.

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Respecting Student Diversity

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This major component of culturally responsive schooling involves a mutual process with teachers modeling their receptiveness to learning from the diverse cultures in their midst and these same teachers help students to see this diversity as a resource.

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Work with culturally supported facilitating or limiting attitudes and abilities

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This major component of culturally responsive schooling involves recognizing that each culture supports distinct attitudes, values, and abilities and that these may facilitate or limit the learning situation in US public schools.

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Sustained high expectations for all students

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This major component of culturally responsive schooling involves ensuring that students abilities are truly developed by instructional experiences and that students abilities are not underestimated because their second language skills did not adequately convey their talents.

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Marshall parental and community support for schooling

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This major component of culturally responsive schooling involves ensuring that students are supported and encouraged by families, communities and educators working together.

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Superficial

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Aspects of ______________ culture include the tangible things related to a group of people such as food, clothing, holidays and celebrations.

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Deeper

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The ____________ elements of culture deal with values, belief systems, family structures, language and nonverbal communication that we learn by being members of particular groups.

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Euphoria

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When considering the stages of Individual Cultural Contact the state of ____________ may result from the excitement of experiencing new customs, foods, and sights.

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Culture shock stage

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This stage of Individual Cultural Contact can be described as an increasing awareness of being different and may result in disorientation by cultural cues that result in frustration.

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Adaptive stage

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This stage of Individual Cultural Contact results in newcomers being able to actively express themselves and to create a full range of meaning in most new and different situations.

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Emotional

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Experiencing a second culture causes ____________ ups and downs.

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TPR

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Asking ELLs to silently carry out commands is an example of which methodology/approach?

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Using different approaches for different types of errors and different ages of students

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According to the readings, it is best to treat errors by

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TESOL Organization

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The 1997 ESL Standards document was articulated by ___

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Choral reciting the teacher's voiced commands

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Which of the following is not an element of TPR?

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Providing feedback on errors at all times

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Which is NOT one of the principles that help teachers set up a favorable environment for second language learning?

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cooperative

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Four elements must be included in small group learning structures in order for them to become _____________. These are: positive interdependence, face-to-face interaction, individual accountability, and interpersonal and small group skills.

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accuracy

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In the early stages of language learning, fluency is more important than ________________. Thus, the teacher, instead of monitoring and correcting, should converse in and model appropriate language.

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Meaning

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Teachers can help English learners to improve their grammar by being selective in correcting students grammatical errors and focusing only on those areas that interfere with _______________.

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Technological

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_____________ literacy can be defined as "a personal ability to adopt, adapt, or invent proper computer-based tools in an information society to positively affect his or her life, community, and environment". The education of English learners must involve this type of literacy.

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Computer Assisted Language Learning

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What does the acronym CALL stand for in the course text?

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Computer Mediated Communication

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What does the abbreviation CMC stand for in the course text?

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Directed Reading-Listening-Thinking Activity

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What does the abbreviation DRLTA stand for in the course packet?

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Total Physical Response

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What does the abbreviation TPR stand for in the course packet?

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Language Experience Approach

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What does the abbreviation LEA stand for in the course text?

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Multicultural Literature

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What type of literature helps students to see life from a variety of points of view, to compare cultures on different aspects of life and to see their own culture in the curriculum?

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Jazz Chants

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This teaching approach takes advantage of the rhythmic expression found in standard American English as it occurs in situational contexts. Its strengths lie in its ability to convey powerful and varied emotions through the rhythm, stresses and intonation patterns of the spoken language through music.

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Word Banks

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This teaching strategy encourages students to maintain a personal vocabulary file that will promote development and language awareness. Students are able to enter words into their file once it has been used in an oral or written sentence and after the child is able to read it.

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Process Writing

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This integrated teaching approach has many advantages for students because a climate is created that promotes writing. This process includes six steps that can be varied every time a student writes: pre-writing, drafting, sharing or conferring, revising, editing, and publishing.

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Language Experience Approach (LEA)

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This teaching strategy is used to make meaningful speech to print connections and to introduce students to written discourse and its conventions. Traditionally, there are four steps into this approach. First, students share and discuss and experience. Second, students dictate a story or report based on that shared experience and discussion. Third, students read and reread the finished story. For students use and reuse students dictated writings.

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Dialogue Journal Writing

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This varied and diverse teaching approach involves a conversation between a teacher and an individual student in the form of a private, written, regular interaction. This approach can be completed in a simple notebook or a teacher created journal or it could be used in some type of electronic format.

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Directed Reading/Listening/Thinking Activity

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This teaching strategy was developed to help students comprehend text that may be a degree above their reading or listening level. This process has three main parts: establish background, oral or silent reading and study, and follow-up activities. finally, this approach incorporates the independent reading skills of survey, question, read, recite, review or SQ3R.

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Pantomime

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This dramatic activity involves using nonverbal communication and allows students to act out situations that the audience would then need to name.

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Role-Play

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This teaching strategy reduces inhibitions and students because they can step out of themselves and pretend to be someone else. Students are able to rehearse useful interactions in a safe environment and provide for opportunities both to see and be peer language models.

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Semantic Mapping

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This teaching strategy involves using a variety of ways to make graphic displays of information within categories related to a central concept. The strategy can help show relationships among terms and concepts and assist in developing vocabulary.

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Total Physical Response

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This language teaching strategy uses commands, either written or verbal, to introduce new language and concepts to students. The classic example of this teaching strategy would be telling your students to stand up or sit down.

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It is an immersive approach that focuses on language development as well as content development and is based on four different levels of language learning.

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According to Joyce Nutta in the video lecture L'arancia, what are some of the features of the Natural Approach?

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Modified Input and Modified Instruction.

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According to Joyce Nutta in the video lecture L'arancia, what are the keys to implementing the Natural Approach?

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The Natural Approach, as done by Joyce Nutta, is only effective for English language learners and would not be advisable to use with mainstream students because they would not be engaged in the material.

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According to Joyce Nutta in the video lecture L'arancia, which of the following statements are true?

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The instructor used manipulatives like oranges, juice makers, and knives. Additionally, many times she completed an action while using the command form in Italian.

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According to the demonstration by Joyce Nutta in the video lecture L'arancia, what are some of the features of Total Physical Response that you saw?

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The Natural Approach encompasses a number of different strategies that can be used with any level of student including Total Physical Response (TPR), mimicry, and modified input.

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According to Joyce Nutta in the video lecture L'arancia, which of the following statements is true?

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Interaction

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Which SDAIE component is associated with transforming knowledge through illustrations, dramatization, song creation, drama, and critical thinking?

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Comprehensibility

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Using context, modeling, and speech adjustment are ways to increase:

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Consider the sequence of objectives, putting more concrete concepts before the abstract ones

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When planning the content and language objectives of a lesson, a teacher should:

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Modify and adapt texts and include primary language resources

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When selecting materials and texts, teachers should:

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Subject matter and academic language development

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SDAIE lessons are comprised of four important components. Which of the following is a primary objective of the CONTENT component?

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HomeFUN

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_____________ is an alternative to homework where guardians and students work together on meaningful academic tasks and turns language and cultural differences into resources.

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Sheltered

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________________ Instruction is an approach used in multi-linguistic content classrooms to provide language support to students while they are learning academic subjects instead of having them sink or swim in a content class designed for native English speakers.

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Content

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Teaching SDAIE-modified academic _______________ involves the careful planning of learning goals and competencies students must develop and learning strategy objectives and the selecting, modifying, and organizing of the materials and text that supports those objectives.

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Connections

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Making _____________ involves bridging or linking concepts and skills to student experiences or eliciting examples from students' lives and schema building.

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Comprehensibility

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This component of SDAIE involves ensuring that students have plenty of clues to understanding. Teachers can increase the _________________ of lessons in four ways: contextualization, modeling, speech adjustment, and comprehensive checks.

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Interaction

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Another component of a model SDAIE lesson involves the teacher considering opportunities for students to talk about key concepts, clarify the concepts in their primary language, and allow a variety of means to demonstrate understanding. This component, called __________________, involves allowing students the opportunity to talk, afford opportunities to clarify concepts, and have students re-present material.

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Integrated

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According to the principles and practices recommended for SDAIE, content and language must be __________________ .

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Comprehensible

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According to the principles and practices recommended for SDAIE, language is modified for _____________ instruction.

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True

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The following is a strategy for Comprehensibility: Concentrate on understanding and communicating rather than on error correction.

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Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English

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What does the acronym SDAIE stand for in the course text?

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Preservice teachers should go about understanding theory and culture, developing SI curriculum, observing classes, and maintaining resources or a resource library.

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According to Deborah Short in the video lecture Content and ESOL, what are some of the recommendations for preservice teachers using sheltered content instruction?

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The SIOP model, as describe by Deborah Short, contains 8 components.

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According to Deborah Short in the video lecture Content and ESOL, which of the following statements are true?

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Overrepresentation

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What would be the problem if the proportion of special education students of a given ethnic background exceeded the proportion of special education students in the general population?

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Underrepresentation

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Historically, in terms of participation in gifted education programs, Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) African American, Latino, and Native American students have experienced the problem of ________________.

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Delivery Methods

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Employing a full range of audiovisual enhancement, including wireless headsets and captioned video built in redundant modes (e.g., audiotaped read-along books, typed lecture notes, and study guides), is an example of the application of which of the following Universal Instructional Design principles?

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Inclusiveness

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Using bilingual signage, Braille, bilingual materials, welcome and respect aides, assistants, and supplying texts for multiple reading levels are examples of the application of which of the following Universal Instructional Design principles?

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Norm-Referenced test

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The Language Assessment Scales or LAS is an example of which kind of test?

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Geographical bias

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Including a question on manatees in a standardized test for students in Arizona would be an example of

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cloze procedure

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An assessment in which a student fills in words or phrases that have been systematically omitted from a text is called a ___________.

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All of the above.

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Assessment instruments can be used for the following reason (s)

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Competency

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A _____________ test is used to identify students who may be promoted or graduated. In certain states, English language learners who are in an English language development (ELD) program may be exempt from taking this type of test.

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norm

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A ________________-Referenced test compares student scores against a population of students with which the test has been standardized. Examples of this kind of test include the Language Assessment Scales and the Woodcock-Munoz Language Assessment.

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Criterion

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A _______________-Referenced test is a level of performance against which students are measured. This type of test is usually used to find out how much of a clearly defined domain of language skills or materials students have learned.

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Validity

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_____________ occurs when a task that claims to measure the ability to read English actually tests that ability. this measure of a past includes concepts such as concurrent ____________, which is how well the test correlates with subsequent success or performance or predicted ____________, which tests how well the test correlates with another measure used at the same time. (Same word is used three times.)

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Reliable

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An assessment is considered _________________ if it yields predictably similar scores when it is taken again.

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Achievement

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An __________________ test measures a student's success in learning specific instructional content, whether language or another subject.

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Summative

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__________________ assessment can be compared to applying a final grade usually by a teacher. This type of assessment takes the form of a final test or a final grade on class work and homework. Examples of this assessment type include short answers, multiple-choice, and fill in the blanks.

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Formative

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_____________ assessment takes place through five means: teacher questioning, offering feedback through grading, peer assessment, self-assessment and practice exams and tests. This type of assessment is also an important way of providing an early measure of student performance.

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Checklist

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This type of alternative assessment is developed for observing student interaction with the content. The teacher is able to use a set of specific items that allow for assessment over time, integration of information, and a focus on critical skills

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Cloze

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This type of alternative assessment involves the student affiliated words or phrases which have been omitted from the text in a systematic way.

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Dictation

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This type of alternative assessment involves the student writing sentences from a passage that is read aloud by the teacher. In many cases this is done three times.

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retelling

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This type of alternative assessment involves the student verbally summarizing the contents of a lesson for someone who is not heard the lesson previously.

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Debates

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This type of alternative assessment has students considering both sides of an issue derived from the content area, and presenting arguments for differing points of view.

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Portfolio

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This type of alternative assessment involves the teacher maintaining examples of the child's schoolwork and other student contributions in a stored system.

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Observation

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This type of alternative assessment involves the teacher watching the student's interactions with content area material, with his or her peers, and with others who spent time at the student.

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Venn Diagram

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This type of alternative assessment involves the student comparing two concepts using two overlapping circles.

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Intermediate level for CELDTS

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A student at this level on the California English-Language-Development standards would be able to ask and answer instructional questions using simple sentences, listen attentively to stories and identify key details, be understood when speaking using consistent standard English forms, and retell stories and talk about school related activities.

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Advanced-level for CELDTS

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A student at this level on the California English-Language-Development standards would be able to listen attentively to stories on new topics, demonstrate understanding of idiomatic expressions, use appropriate ways of speaking and writing that vary, and narrate events in greater detail

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True

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When administering tests, teachers (or test administrators) need to consider factors such as anxiety and time limitations, rapport, and cultural differences.

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False

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Proficiency tests provide information to place students in the appropriate level.

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False

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The levels of the California English-Language-Development Expectations for listening and speaking are novice, intermediate, and superior.

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False

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A test is said to be valid if it is consistent in measuring.

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False

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A test is said to be reliable if it is measuring what it is supposed to measure.

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-Clearly explain the connection between class effort and grade criteria. -Provide rubrics when work is assigned. If possible, show examples of desired work. -Make "debriefing" a part of each assignment. Listen to students describe what was difficult and rewarding about the task. -Teach and test the acquisition of learning strategies as well as knowledge and facts.

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Which of the following procedures can teachers implement to provide equitable assessment for English learners? Mark all that apply.

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Council of Chief State School Officers

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What does the abbreviation CCSSO stand for in the course text?

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Limited English Proficient

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Another Term for English Language Learner is?

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What is the difference between Category I and Category II/III teachers (per the consent decree)?

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A teacher with 15 semester hours in ESOL versus a teacher with 3 semester hours in ESOL.

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What is Lau v. Nichols?

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Court decision that determined the same schools, the same teachers, and the same textbooks do not constitute equal education if the students cannot understand the education they receive __________.

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What is the difference between Separate Underlying Proficiency and Common Underlying Proficiency?

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An argument that assumes proficiency in English is separate from proficiency in a primary language and that this proficiency does not transfer versus the opposite viewpoint.

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What is every person belongs to one or more cultures?

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The belief that the statement "culture is universal" refers to the idea of multiple cultures.

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What is Structural Assimilation?

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The act of participating in the social, political, and economic institution of the mainstream culture.

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What is Individual Cultural Contact?

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These stages are sometimes referred to as Euphoria, Culture Shock, and Adaptation.

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What is Cultural Assimilation?

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The act of adopting behaviors, values, beliefs, and lifestyles of the dominant society.

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What is Acculturation?

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The process by which an individual effectively adapts to the mainstream culture.

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What is Communicative Competence?

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The ability of a learner to convey and interpret messages and to negotiate meanings within specific context.

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What is Communicative pair or group tasks?

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A teacher who is aware of the social uses of language will provide these types of instruction.

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What is the difference between CALP and BICS?

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CALP differs from BICS by being highly dependent on teachers because it is learned almost exclusively in academic settings.

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What is Early production?

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An ELL student who can use two- and three-word utterances, or recite simple poems, or sing songs is said to be at the __________________ stage of language development.

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A. Adults proceed through the early stages of syntactic and morphological development faster than children do.

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Which of the following is supported by research on the relationship between age and second language acquisition? A. Adults proceed through the early stages of syntactic and morphological development faster than children do. B. Children proceed through the early stages of syntactic and morphological development faster than adults do. C. Younger children acquire a second language faster than older children. D. Younger learners acquire cognitive/academic proficiency more rapidly than older learners.

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C. Change the meaning of a word

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Derivational morphemes: A. Quantify the word in some manner B. Shorten the words C. Change the meaning of a word D. Can stand alone

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What is Context?

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Pragmatics tells us how _____ affects language use and interpretation.

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What is the Natural Approach?

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What method developed by Krashen and Terrell is based on first language acquisition model and advocates that teachers need to provide language learners with comprehensible input and wait until speech emerges on its own?

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A. Subject matter and academic language development

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SDAIE lessons are comprised of four important components. Which of the following is the primary objective of the CONTENT component? A. Subject matter and academic language development B. Schema building and bridging C. Modeling and contextualization D. Interaction and clarification of concepts

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What is Content?

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A SDAIE component that focuses on language and lesson objectives.

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What is a Portfolio?

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A procedure that provides a good method for assessing student progress over time.

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What are Brainstorming and KWL charts?

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An important strategy for bridging, developing experiences, and linking with students' lives.

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What are Venn diagrams?

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An assessment procedure that provides students the opportunity to compare two concepts.

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What is consistency?

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A test is said to be reliable if its measurements provide similar scores for the same students.

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What is a student's progress over time?

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Criterion-referenced tests can be said to be better adapted to measuring ELLs' needs than norm-referenced tests because they provide a historical look at a student's learning.

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