Equine Nursing – Flashcards
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What is a common occurrence in stressed, young horses and horses receiving high doses of NSAID's?
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Gastric ulcers
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True or False: Commercial "foal predictor" kits are generally unreliable, and their use by clients should be discouraged.
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False
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When should a newborn foal pass meconium (first feces)?
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Within a few hours after birth
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Do limb bandages that are placed during orthopedic surgery need to be changed/replaced before the skin sutures are removed?
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YES!
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Due to the advances in surgical techniques which type of bone fractures in adult horses are correctable?
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Long-bone fractures
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Do all cases of equine colic require surgery?
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No, most cases respond to medical management
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What are the two best locations for intramuscular injection in the equine patient?
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Semimembranosus or semitendinosus and the lateral neck
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Flared nostrils and rapid, shallow breathing should be considered an emergency because they are a sign of what?
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Respiratory distress
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If you get a rectal temperature on a horse that reads 102.6 F, is that normal?
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NO! Normal is 98.6 F-101.3 F
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True or False: The application of a rebreathing bag to accentuate lung sounds during thoracic auscultation is a common practice.
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True, it increases the depth of equine breathing
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Is petechiation normal in mares in late pregnancy and neonatal (newborn) foals?
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NO!
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True or False: Equine gastrointestinal sounds are evaluated with auscultation over the left ventral abdomen.
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False. Right and left dorsal and ventral abdomen
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Why does colic cause an immense amount of pain in horses?
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Because they cannot vomit to relieve the gastric pressure
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Checking the scleral color and the umbilicus for swelling or discharge should be more closely evaluated in which type of patient?
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The sick foal
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A handler holding a halter with a lead rope and chain can safely restrain what type of horse?
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Factious, anxious, or untrained
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At what time should you place a lip twitch?
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Immediately before it is needed
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What medication can cause permanent penile paralysis in stallions?
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Acepromazine
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What is the acceptable amount of fluids that can be delivered via nasogastric tube?
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8 L
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Palpating the esophagus on the left side of the neck, visually observing the esophagus on the left side of the neck and obtaining negative pressure are ways of telling what?
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When a nasogastric tube is properly placed
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Measuring abdominal girth in the same location with a tape measure hourly the most accurate way to do what?
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Determine abdominal distension
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Which food stuff can act like a laxative for constipated horses?
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Bran mash and fresh grass
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How can you administer tablets to horses in a clinical settings?
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By crushing the tablets and mixing the powder with a sweet substance or the horse's feed
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20mL of medication at a single site is the maximum that should be administered by what method?
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Intramuscular
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True or False: Acepromazine has no analgesic properties
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True
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What is Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)?
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An anti-inflammatory agent
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What is unique about guttural pouch empyema?
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It is a respiratory condition only found in horses
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In order to radiograph the coffin and navicular bone, what should you pack a horse's frog area with?
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Playdoh
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An ultrasound examination of the heart is known by what term?
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Echocardiography
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What should you do if you find calcium oxalate crystals in a horse's urine?
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Nothing, calcium oxalate crystals are normally present in large numbers
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True and False: Tetanus and eastern and western encephalitis are vaccines required for all horses in the U.S.
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True
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Which horses should be vaccinated for influenza and western encephalitis every 3 to 4 months?
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Young horses and performance horses
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During pregnancy how often should a broodmare be vaccinated for rhino pneumonitis?
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In the 5th, 7th, and 9th month
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What are some indications of dental problems in a horse?
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Weight loss, abnormal eating habits, and excess salivation
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How should you treat the sharp edges that develop on the teeth or horses (enamel "points")?
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By filing or "floating" the sharp edges
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What viral disease is carried by large biting flies?
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Equine infectious anemia
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Horses must have a negative Coggin's Test for which disease within 1 year for issuance of health certificates?
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Equine infectious anemia
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"If infected, horses become permanently infected and are therefore carriers of the virus" is a statement about what virus?
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Equine infectious anemia
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True or False: Horses with strangles and diarrhea must be maintained under strict isolation protocol.
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True
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Removal of he offending allergens (usually hay or straw) from the horses environment will help horse's diagnosed with what disease?
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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Compression of the cervical spinal cord by malformed or unstable cervical vertebrae is a neurological disease known by what name?
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Wobbles
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How are the Eastern, Western and Venezuelan viral encephalitis transmitted?
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By mosquitoes
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Profound depression, head pressing, incoordination, aimless wandering, and seizures are indications of which disease?
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Brain disease
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Equine anterior uveitis is known by what term?
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Moon blindness
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Is there a cure for moon blindness?
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No
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What is the cause of moon blindness?
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The cause is unknown
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What is the most common cause of equine blindness?
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Equine anterior uveitis (moon blindness)
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Routine care of the healthy newborn includes what procedures?
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A foal-side blood test for adequate transfer of immunity and dipping the umbilicus in chlorhexidine or iodine solution
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True of False: Neonatal septicemia is the most life-threatening disease of a newborn
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True
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True or False: A newborn foal that goes from suckling every 30 minutes to suckling every 3 hours is displaying normal behavior
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FALSE! Failure to suckle is the first sign of a problem and the foal should be seen by a vet ASAP!
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Which foals require intensive, 24 hours care in a specially equipped facility?
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Recumbent, sick neonatal foals
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Caudal epidural anesthesia will cause what to happen to a mare?
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Her rear legs to be uncoordinated
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What does a Caslick's operation do?
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Operation to prevent air and feces from entering the vagina
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An umbilical infection is also known by what name?
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Navel ill
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What are emasculators specifically designed for?
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Castration
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What is the postoperative care of the equine castration patient?
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Strict stall confinement fro 24 hours and then hand walking 1 or 2 times daily for 1 to 2 promote drainage
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Scrotal hernias in an adult stallion and inguinal hernias in foals require what action?
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Immediate examination by a veterinarian
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Bone spavin, high and low ringbone, and ocelots are all terms that are different forms of what?
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Arthritis
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When should you start withholding food from an adult horse prior to surgery?
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12 hours
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How long after anesthetic induction should you wait before removing a horse's shoes?
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You don't. Horses do not require anesthetic induction for shoes removal, mouth exams and IV catheter placement
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What type of damage can occur to a horse that is has undergone surgery lying down?
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Muscle damage
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What position should the horse be in for colic surgery?
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Dorsal recumbency
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A dramatic change in the way a horse uses its limb should be brought to the attention of the vet after which types of surgery?
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Orthopedic surgery
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What is generally more closely regarded in orthopedic surgery than in soft tissue surgery?
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Asepsis
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Reducing the anesthetic depth and increasing rate of intravenous fluids are ways to treat __ during surgery
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Low blood pressure
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Name 4 pieces of personal protection equipment used in an equine isolation ward
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Face mask, coveralls/bodysuit, gloves, and disposable booties
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What must be done before an intravenous injection into the jugular?
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Insert the needle and watch for type bleeding (vein vs. artery)
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True of False: Veins are deeper in the body than arteries are
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False
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How can you tell the difference between a vein and an artery?
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Blood flow, veins are slow oozing and arteries pulsate blood
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What side should horses be lead from?
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Near side
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What does the Coggins Test, test for?
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Equine infectious anemia
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What is the bacterial infection that occurs in the frog of the hoof?
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Thrush
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A Mule is a result of mating which two animals?
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A jack and a mare
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What is suckling?
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A foal that is still nursing
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What instrument do we use to measure horses that equal 4 inches?
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Our hands
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What is a stallion?
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An intact male horse
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What is a foal that has been weaned from the mare?
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Weanling
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What occurs 7-12 days after parturition?
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Foal heat
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What is important to remember about January 1st?
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The day when all horses are considered a year old
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What is the term used for abdominal pain in horses?
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Colic
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What is a gelding?
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A castrated male horse
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What is a mare?
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A female horse
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What is "floating"?
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The process of filling the sharp points on the teeth of a horse
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What is the term used for a female horse used primarily for breeding?
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A broodmare
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What is it called when colostrum accumulates on the nipples before parturition?
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Waxing
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What does the term "lathered" mean?
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A horse covered with thick, frothy sweat
