EOC Study Guide on Introduction to Engineering & Design – Flashcards
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Cabinet pictorial
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oblique pictorial where depth is represented as half scale compared to the height and width scale
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Cavalier pictorial
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oblique pictorial where height, width, and depth are represented at full scale
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Depth
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the measurement associated with an object's front-to-back dimension
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Dimension
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a measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object: width, height, and depth
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Documentation
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1. the documents that are required for something or that give evidence or proof of something 2. drawings or printed information that contain instructions for assembling, installing, operating, and servicing
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Drawing
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a formal graphical representation of an object containing information based on the drawing type
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Ellipse
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an oval shape generated by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points (the foci) is constant and equal to the major axis
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Freehand
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sketching which is done manually without the aid of instruments such as rulers
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Height
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the measurement associated with an object's top-to-bottom dimension
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Isometric sketch
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a form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plan of projection
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Manufacture
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to make something, especially on a large scale using machinery
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Measurement
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the process of using dimensions, quantity, or capacity by comparison with a standard in order to mark off, apportion, lay out, or establish dimensions
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Multi-view drawing
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a drawing which contains views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes
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Oblique sketch
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a form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle
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Orthographic projection
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a method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and width
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Perspective sketch
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a form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye
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Pictorial sketch
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a sketch that shows an object's height, width, and depth in a single view
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Plane
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a flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie
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Point
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a location in space
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Profile
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an outline of an object when viewed from one side
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Projection plane
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an imaginary surface between the object and the observer on which the view of the object is projected and drawn
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Proportion
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1. the relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure
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Scale
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1. a proportion between two sets of dimensions used to develop accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models 2. a straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals that is used to measure distances. Also referred to as a ruler
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Shading
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the darkening or coloring of part of a drawing to suggest three-dimensionality
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Shape
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a two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area, in contrast to three-dimensional form
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Sketch
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a rough representation of the main features of an object or scene and often made as a preliminary study
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Solid
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a three-dimensional body or geometric figure
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Technical working drawing
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a drawing that is used to show the material, size, and shape of a product for manufacturing purposes
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Three-dimensional
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having the dimensions of height, width, and depth
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Tone
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the general effect of color or of light and shade in a picture
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Two-dimensional
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having the dimensions of height and width, height and depth, or width and depth only
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Vanishing point
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a point in space, usually located on the horizon, where parallel edges of an object appear to converge
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View
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colloquial term for views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes in a multi-view drawing
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Width
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the measurement associated with an object's side-to-side dimension
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Center line
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a line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts
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Construction line
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lightly drawn lines used to layout a drawing and guide drawing of other lines (such as object lines)
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Dimension line
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a line which represents distance
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Edge
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the line along which two surfaces of a solid meet
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Extension line
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line which represents where a dimension starts and stops. Perpendicular to the dimension line
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Grid
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a network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles
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Hidden line
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a dashed line type that shows interior detail not visible from the outside of the part
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Leader line
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line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles, and detail
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Line
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1. a long thin mark on a surface 2. a continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point
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Line conventions
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standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style
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Line weight
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(also called line width) the thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin
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Long-break line
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a line which indicates that a very long object with uniform detail is drawn foreshortened
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Object line
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a heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object
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Projection line
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an imaginary line that is used to locate or project the corners, edges, and features of a three-dimensional object onto an imaginary two-dimensional surface
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Section lines
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a series of thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut through material. Similar to hatching in art
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Short-break line
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line which shows where part is broken to reveal detail behind the part or to shorten a long continuous part
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assess
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to thoroughly and methodically analyze accomplishment against specific goals and criteria
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assessment
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an evaluation technique for technology that requires analyzing benefits and risks, understanding the trade offs, and then determining the best action to take in order to ensure that the desired positive outcomes outweigh the negative consequences; techniques used to analyze accomplishments against specific goals and criteria (ex. tests, surveys, observations, and self-assessment)
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brainstorm
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a group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion
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client
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a person using the services of a professional person or organization
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creativity
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the ability to make or bring a new concept or idea into existence; marked by the ability or power to create
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criteria
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a means of judging; a standard, rule, or test by which something can be judged
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constraint
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1. a limit to a design process (ex. appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities 2. a limitation or restriction
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design
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1. an iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems 2. a plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made 3. a decorative pattern
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design brief
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a written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints; used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution
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design process
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a systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice
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design statement
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a part of a design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed
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designer
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a person who designs any of a variety of things; usually implies the task of creating drawings or in some way uses visual cues to organize his or her work
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engineer
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a person who is trained in and uses technological and scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
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engineering notebook
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a book in which an engineer will formally document, in chronological order, all of his/her work that is associated with a specific design project
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innovation
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an improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something
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invention
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a new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation
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iterative
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a process that repeats a series of steps over and over until the desired outcome is obtained
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piling-on
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an idea that produces a similar idea or an enhanced idea
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problem identification
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the recognition of an unwelcome or harmful matter needing to be dealt with
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product
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a tangible artifact produced by means of either human or mechanical work, or by biological or chemical process
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prototype
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a full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments
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research
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the systematic study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
