Enzyme Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Enzyme
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An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
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Catalyst
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A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
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Activation Energy
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Energy needed to get a reaction started.
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Substrate
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A reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
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Enzyme-Substrate Complex
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A complex composed of a substrate bound to the active site of an enzyme.
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Product
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A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
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Competitive Inhibitor
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A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
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Non-Competitive Inhibitor
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A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.
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Active Site
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The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs.
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Allosteric Site
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A specific receptor site on some part of an enzyme molecule remote from the active site.
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Factors that Affect Enzyme Function
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Enzyme Concentration, Substrate Concentration, Temperature, pH
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Lock and Key Model
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The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate fitting perfectly into the active site.
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Induced Fit Model
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The model of the enzyme that shows the substrate binding to the active site and the active site altering slightly.
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Allosteric Inhibitor
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Molecule binds to an enzyme somewhere other than active site and inhibits.
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Reversible Inhibition
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Inhibition that can be reversed because the enzyme inhibitor attaches with weak bonds.
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Irreversible Inhibition
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When an inhibitor attaches to an enzyme with strong covalent bonds and permanently inactivates it.
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Feedback Inhibition
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A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
