question

The human population is approximately?

answer

7 billion

question

During the period _______ the worlds population more that doubled.

answer

1950-2000

question

Which of the following best describes the human population from early to present?

answer

Early rapid growth which has leveled out to a steady rate over the last 20 years.

question

A graph of the world population growth will resemble which letter?

answer

J

question

If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate is ____.

answer

1.5%

question

_____ is the world's most populous nation, home to _____ of the people in the world.

answer

China, 1/5

question

Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China?

answer

A One-Child Policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth

question

Which of the following is not one of the world's top five most populous nations?

answer

Vietnam

question

Replacement fertility ________.

answer

Is equal to 2.1 in stable populations

question

The 1994 Cairo, Egypt, conference was organized ________.

answer

To urge governments to better address social issues such as poverty and disease as potential sources of population problems

question

Diminishing population growth rates in poor countries can be partially attributed to ________.

answer

The education of women

question

Increasing levels of literacy among women is shown to ________.

answer

Lower TFR

question

The term demographic transition refers to ________.

answer

The decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates, occurring as a country economically develops

question

Declining death rates due to increased food production and improved medical care while birth rates remain high is characteristic of the ________ stage.

answer

Transitional

question

Areas with the least dense human populations are in ________.

answer

Desert, tundra, and rainforest

question

Which of the following countries has the highest population growth rate?

answer

Pakistan

question

Of the following factors, ________ drives TFR down.

answer

social and economic security

question

The transitional stage in Frank Notestein's demographic model is initiated by ________.

answer

industrialization

question

The richest one-fifth of the world's population possesses approximately ________ times the income of the poorest one-fifth, and the richest one-fifth uses over 86% of the world's resources.

answer

80

question

If global fertility rates remain at 2008 levels, the United Nations predicts that world population will surpass ________ billion in 2050.

answer

9

question

The annual global growth rate of the human population peaked in the ________ and has been declining ever since.

answer

1960's

question

A country with ________ is not expected to grow quickly in the near future.

answer

high female employment and literacy

question

In a country where there are increasingly more households, ________.

answer

consumption should increase

question

In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during ________.

answer

stage 2, the transitional stage

question

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in ________.

answer

developing countries

question

A population in the post-industrial stage would be expected to have ________.

answer

birth and death rates at low stable levels

question

The world population growth rate is currently close to ________%.

answer

1.2%

question

IPAT stands for ________.

answer

Impact, Population, Affluence, Technology

question

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________.

answer

increases environmental impact

question

The most serious problem caused by population growth is ________.

answer

increasing demand for resources

question

The view held by both Malthus and Paul Ehrlich suggests that depletion of resource supplies due to greater numbers of people ________.

answer

is not a problem because disease will limit population size

question

The "sensitivity factor" in the model used to represent human environmental impact denotes ________.

answer

the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures

question

The most accurate terms describing the trend over the past 50 years for human use of natural resources are ________.

answer

increasing and unsustainable

question

Malthus was responsible for ________.

answer

the idea that without social restrictions increasing human population would lead to famine and war

question

A country exhibiting a stable population that is neither growing nor shrinking likely has a TFR of around ________.

answer

2.1

question

Not surprisingly, the nation with the highest rate of contraceptive use (85%) is ________.

answer

China

question

Recent research suggests that ________ has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the past several decades.

answer

Soap Operas

question

Monoculture ________.

answer

is an agricultural practice of growing large stands of a single species

question

Until about 10,000 years ago, our species depended on ________.

answer

Hunting and gathering

question

In Queensland, Australia, cactus moths (Cactoblastis cactorum) ________.

answer

effectively cleared non-native prickly pear cactus from rangeland

question

Recombinant DNA ________.

answer

is assembled in the lab from mononucleotides

question

What is true about GM crops?

answer

The United States leads the world in land area dedicated to GM crops.

question

Raising ________ requires the most land and water.

answer

Beef cattle

question

Researchers have demonstrated that organic farming ________.

answer

decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming

question

Of the following, ________ requires the least land to produce 1 kg of protein.

answer

Chicken

question

Humus is ________.

answer

composed of organic matter and is necessary to fertility and holding soil moisture

question

Which of the following is true?

answer

World grain production has tripled since 1985.

question

Industrial agriculture ________.

answer

increased our ability to obtain more food from the same area

question

Green Revolution techniques ________.

answer

focus on sustainability

question

________% of the food we consume comes from ________ crop species.

answer

90; 15

question

Since 1960, pesticide use has increased ________ worldwide.

answer

Fourfold

question

Of the following, ________ best describes integrated pest management (IPM).

answer

biocontrol measures, crop rotation, and habitat diversification

question

Relative to sustainable agriculture, insects' roles are as ________.

answer

essential pollinators and predators

question

We lose 5 to 7 million ha of productive cropland per year to ________.

answer

erosion, over-irrigation, and overgrazing

question

Aquaculture ________.

answer

can bring economic benefits and food security to many developing regions

question

Organic farming ________.

answer

began in the 1960s

question

Monoculture, the practice of planting large areas with a single crop ________.

answer

is a development of industrial agriculture

question

Seed banks (institutions that store and preserve seeds) are important for ________.

answer

protecting genetic diversity

question

It is more energetically efficient for us to eat more ________.

answer

plant-based foods

question

During the past half-century, global food production has ________ world population growth.

answer

grown at a faster rate than

question

Factors involved in soil formation are ________.

answer

weathering of parent material, freezing/thawing, tree roots

question

The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is ________.

answer

affected by rainfall, freezing and thawing

question

Normal Borlaug, who passed away in 2009, pioneered the development of ________.

answer

high-yield wheat

question

Leaching ________.

answer

removes water-soluble nutrients from soils

question

The O horizon of soils consists of ________.

answer

mostly organic material

question

The loss of more than 10% productivity in an arid area due to erosion, soil compaction, deforestation or overgrazing is ________.

answer

desertification

question

Terracing, contour farming, intercropping, and crop rotation all ________.

answer

are techniques for conserving soil resources and fertility

question

No-till farming would be most beneficial for farmers ________.

answer

with steeply sloped fields

question

The Conservation Reserve Program pays farmers to ________.

answer

stop cultivating highly erodible land

question

The consequences of over-fertilizing include ________.

answer

eutrophication and dead zones in nearby aquatic ecosystems

question

To make organic fertilizer by composting, you do not include ________.

answer

shredded plastic and metals, waste from animal butchering

question

Over-irrigation can result in ________.

answer

soil salinization and waterlogging

question

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring primarily focuses on the environmental problems associated with ________.

answer

pesticide toxicity

question

________ are best defined as substances that cause cancer.

answer

Carcinogens

question

________ are best defined as substances that cause birth defects.

answer

Teratogens

question

Carcinogens may be difficult to identify because ________.

answer

there is a long lag time between exposure to the agent and disease

question

Toxicants that interrupt essential biochemical processes in organisms by blocking one or steps in important biochemical reactions are known as ________.

answer

pathway inhibitors

question

A naturally occurring substance that seeps up from the ground and that is potentially toxic to people is ________.

answer

Radon gas

question

PCB contamination of the environment ________.

answer

is a continuing problem because PCBs are non-biodegradable and persist in the environment

question

Toxicants that cause harm by affecting the immune system include ________.

answer

allergens

question

The book Our Stolen Future was important because it ________.

answer

focused on the impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on humans

question

Bisphenol A is ________.

answer

an estrogen mimic that is used in plastic manufacturing

question

Transport of airborne toxicants, a specific problem in agricultural environments, is called pesticide ________.

answer

drift

question

Pesticides in the United States are registered through the ________.

answer

EPA

question

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates ________.

answer

industrial chemicals

question

The European Union's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of chemicals) program ________.

answer

shifts the burden of testing chemical safety from government to industry

question

Aquatic animals such as fish and frogs are especially good indicators of water pollution because ________.

answer

most chemicals are water soluble so they enter these organisms through drinking or skin absorption

question

DDT, DDE, PCBs, and PBDEs are all ________.

answer

non-biodegradable and subject to bioaccumulation and/or biomagnification

question

________ is/are biodegradable and known to have (a) short persistence time(s).

answer

Bt

question

Suppose that the concentration of DDT in a lake is 0.0000003 ppm (parts per million) and the concentration of DDT in the tissues of an osprey (a fish-eating bird) is 25 ppm. This is an example of ________.

answer

biomagnification

question

The bald eagle, osprey, and peregrine falcon all are ________.

answer

top consumers susceptible to eggshell damage caused by DDT

question

Of the chemicals that fall under the TSCA ________% have been tested for toxicity and ________ have been tested for endocrine, nervous, or immune system damage.

answer

10; almost none

question

The goal of the Stockholm Convention is to ________.

answer

end the use and release of 12 POPs shown to be the most dangerous

question

According to the Precautionary Principle we should ________.

answer

restrict any chemical that is suspected of toxicity until it is proven safe

question

Louis Guillette is most famous for his studies ________.

answer

describing reproductive and developmental abnormalities in alligators Florida lakes

question

Tyrone Hayes is most famous for his studies ________.

answer

on gonadal abnormalities in frogs

question

Infectious disease accounts for ________% of deaths globally.

answer

nearly 25

question

Infectious diseases are a much greater problem in developing countries than in developed nations. In developing countries, such diseases account for nearly half of all deaths. This is because ________.

answer

developing countries generally lack many of the health and medical services found in developed countries

question

Synergistic effects of toxicants that are mixed together ________.

answer

often are multiplicative (the mixed toxicants may multiply each other's effects)

question

The effect of toxicants on fetuses and young children ________.

answer

is greater because of their developmental immaturity, rapid growth and smaller biomass

question

Studies of endocrine disruptors have shown that they are closely associated with all of the following except ________.

answer

lung cancer

question

Natural occurring biological hazards to people are ________.

answer

crude oil seeps and radon gas

question

An organism, such as a mosquito, that transmits a disease-causing organism to a host is called a ________.

answer

Vector

question

Acute exposure to an environmental toxin ________.

answer

are high exposures over short times and associated with a specific cause

question

Properties of toxicants likely to build up in animals through bioaccumulation are ________.

answer

non-biodegradable, lipid-soluble

question

Some indoor chemical hazard(s) are ________.

answer

Radon and asbestos

question

Environmental policy aims to ________.

answer

promote fairness among people and groups in the use of resources

question

The primary role of the United Nations is to ________.

answer

cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems

question

Legislation passed by Congress is known as ________.

answer

statutory law

question

Enforcement and elaboration of U.S. statutory law is given to ________.

answer

administrative agencies

question

An environmental impact statement is required ________.

answer

to be put to voters on every local ballot if federal action may affect local environments

question

The World Bank ________.

answer

is a major source of funds for global economic development

question

"If domestic gas prices rise to $5 per gallon, conservation will increase, alternative fuels will be developed, and energy efficiency and our quality of life will improve." This view is consistent with ________ economics.

answer

environmental

question

9) The social changes in the United States in the 20th century gave rise to environmental laws concerned primarily with ________.

answer

reducing pollution caused by industry

question

Environmental damage from industry or land development has traditionally been labeled as ________ by economists.

answer

external costs

question

The first national park in the world was ________.

answer

Yellowstone National Park

question

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, published in the 1960s, ________.

answer

warned of insect pollinator losses through pesticide use

question

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) ________.

answer

required environmental impact statements for any projects funded by the U.S. government

question

To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called ________.

answer

Command and Control

question

The ________ drives the move to the suburbs from cities.

answer

desire to live in less stressful, more peaceful park-like conditions

question

The greatest general problem with suburbs is ________.

answer

that they spread environmental impact over a larger area

question

All of the following factors have contributed to movement of people to suburbs except ________.

answer

greater availability of mass transit

question

Curitiba, Brazil, has shown us that ________.

answer

an expanded bus system, affordable to all, can solve a large city's traffic congestion

question

Oregon's strong policy of enforcing UGB's (urban growth boundaries) to create livable cities has been exemplary for many years, but between 2004 and 2007, voters ________.

answer

passed a bill giving property owners the right to ignore UGB's

question

Then, in 2010, Metro Portland made a historic agreement between landowners and citizens which ________.

answer

included a regional plan to identify exactly where urban growth would be allowed

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