Environmental Science Chapter 11.2 Water use and Management – Flashcards

safe to drink. Most water must be treated to make it POTABLE.

An organism that causes disease or illiness. Water not treated can contain PATHOGENS. Found in water contaiminated by sewage or animal feces

Baterica;, viruses, protozoa, and Parasitic worms

mercury, arsenic and lead which are poisonous to humans even in low concertains

1. First filtration: removes large organisms and trash 2. Coagulation: Alum is rapidly mixed into water and forms sticky globs called FLOCS. Bacteria and other impurities cling to the flocs and settle to the bottom of the tank 3. Second filtration: Layers of sand, gravel and hard coal filter the remaining impurities 4. Chlorination: chlorine is added to prevent bacteria from growing in the water. 5. Aeration:Air is forced through the water to release unwanted gases which reduces odor and improves taste 6. Additional treatments in some communities: addition of fluoride, Sodium or lime to soften water. Treated Water is then pumped from storage tanks to homes and businesses.

19% of the water used in the world. 1. Used to manufacture goods 2. to dispose of waste 3. to generate Power

Most is used to cool power plants. Cool water pumped from river into the plant and recycled back to the river usually warmer but generally clean and can be used again,

67% of the water used in the world. 1. Irrigation-providing water from sources other than rain

Provides water to areas where the natural distribution of surface water is inadequate 1. Dams 2. Water diversion canals

1. Bringing water to an area to make it habitable 2. Create a reservoirs for recreation or drinking water 3. Generating electric power

To use canals to carry water great distances for irrigation, or drinking water in dry regions

Dam: structure build across a rive to control the river's flow Dams create and artificial like or reservoir behind the dam.

1. Displacement of populations in flooded area 2. Farm land below the dam may be come less productive because the fertile sediments are deposited in the reservoirs. 3. Dam failure which causes loss of life and property

careful use and protection of water resources

80% of the water used in Agriculture is lost due to: evaporation seepage runoff Solution to problem: Drip irrigation systems

Use of oceans to provide fresh water. This is the removal of salt from salt water