Env. Health Chap 3 – Flashcards
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1. An example of in vitro testing for toxicology is: A. Experiments with normal volunteers B. Experiments with volunteers who have had unintentional exposures C. Studies of animals exposed to toxins D. Dose-response assessments in human populations E. Experiments with cells derived from human sources
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Experiments with cells derived from human sources (correct)
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2. An internal dose refers to A. The dose acquired by contact with contaminated environmental sources B. The amount of a substance that is available to the internal organs of the body C. The portion of a substance that becomes internalized in the body D. The quantity of a substance that is administered E. None of the above
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The portion of a substance that becomes internalized in the body (correct)
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3. Chose the incorrect statement below. Thalidomide is an example of a drug that A. Was a potent teratogen B. Was developed before the advent of rigorous clinical trials C. Was used to treat morning sickness during pregnancy D. Was associated with heart problems among adults E. None of the above
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Was associated with heart problems among adults(correct)
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4. Direct adverse effects of xenobiotics do not include A. Cell replacement B. Interference with nutrition C. Damage to an enzyme system D. Disruption of protein synthesis E. DNA damage
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Interference with nutrition (correct)
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5. Dose-response assessment refers to the question of A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans (or animals)? C. What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D. What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.
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What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans (or animals)? (correct)
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6. Exposure assessment refers to the question A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans? C. What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D. What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.
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What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? (correct)
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7. Hazard identification refers to the question of A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans? C. What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D. What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.
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What are the health effects that this agent can cause? (correct)
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8. In comparison with the general population, workers may receive exposures to toxic chemicals that are A. At lower levels for shorter time periods B. At higher concentrations for much longer time periods C. Confined to a single time episode D. More likely to be associated with acute effects than long-term effects E. None of the above
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At higher concentrations for much longer time periods (correct)
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9. Of the following routes of exposure, which one has the most rapid effect? A. Intravenous B. Ingestion C. Dermal D. Intramuscular E. Inhalation
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Intravenous
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10. One of the founders of toxicology was A. Socrates B. Theophrastus C. Claudius D. Da Vinci E. Paracelsus
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Paracelsus(*)
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11. Risk characterization refers to the question of A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans? C. What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D. What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.
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What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? (*)
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12. Risk management refers to the question of A. What are the health effects that this agent can cause? B. What is the relationship between dose and occurrence of health effects in humans? C. What exposures are currently experienced or anticipated under different conditions? D. What is the estimated occurrence of the adverse effect in a given population? E. None of the above.
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None of the above.(*)
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13. Specific examples of xenobiotics are A. Antibiotics B. Therapeutic drugs C. Dioxins D. PCBs E. All of the above
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All of the above(*)
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14. Subacute exposures are those that last A. Less than 24 hours and occur once B. Less than 24 hours and occur more than once C. One month or less D. One to three months E. More than three months
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One month or less(*)
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15. The concentration and toxicity of a chemical in the body are affected by A. Route of entry into the body B. Received dose of the chemical C. Duration of exposure D. Individual sensitivity E. All of the above
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All of the above(*)
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16. The existence of a dose-response relationship may be used to establish the following kinds of information A. Causal association between a toxin and biological effects B. Minimum dosages needed to produce a biological effect C. Rate of accumulation of harmful effects D. All of the above E. A & B only
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All of the above(*)
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17. The poisonous substance in Amanita phalloides ("death cap" mushroom) is an example of a: A. Toxicant B. Toxin C. Anthropogenic form of poison D. A poison caused by bacterial activity E. None of the above
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Toxin
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18. What type of combination of two chemicals produces an effect that is equal to their individual effects taken together A. Additive B. Synergistic C. Potentiative D. Coalitive E. Antagonistic
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Additive
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19. What type of interaction among several agents that have no known toxic effects produces a toxic effect? A. Additive B. Synergistic C. Potentiative D. Coalitive E. Antagonistic
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Coalitive
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20. What type of interaction between two chemicals causes one chemical that is not toxic to become more toxic A. Additive B. Synergistic C. Potentiative D. Coalitive E. Antagonistic
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Potentiative
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21. Which of the following abbreviations is used to describe toxic effects of chemicals? A. VOCs B. TLV C. TFR D. AQI E. LD50
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LD50
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22. Which of the following is not likely to characterize the approach of toxicology A. Laboratory studies of the role of xenobiotics in carcinogenesis in mice B. Studies of disease occurrence in populations according to person variables C. In vitro studies D. In vivo studies E. They all characterize the toxicologic approach.
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Studies of disease occurrence in populations according to person variables
