English 2 Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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appositive
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a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun
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adverb phrase
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a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb
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gerund
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a verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun
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participle
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verb form used as an adjective
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independent clause
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a clause in a complex sentence that can stand alone as a complete sentence
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subordinate clause
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a clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb
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past perfect verb tense
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uses the helping verb had
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compound predicate
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two or more simple predicates, or verbs, with the same subject
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infinitive
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the uninflected form of the verb
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infinitive phrase
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phrase that includes the infinitive, it's objects, and the objects modifiers
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comma
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a punctuation mark (,) used to indicate the separation of elements within the grammatical structure of a sentence
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noun
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a word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing
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adjective
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the word class that qualifies nouns
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adverb
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modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
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verb
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expresses action or state of being
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Aside
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a line spoken by an actor to the audience but not intended for others on the stage
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Soliloquy
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a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections
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Blank Verse
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unrhymed verse (usually in iambic pentameter)
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Sonnet
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a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme
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Realism
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the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth
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Naturalism
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(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
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Renaissance
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The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history
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Modernism
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practices typical of contemporary life or thought
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Tone
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a quality of a given color that differs slightly from a primary color
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Satire
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form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack human vice and folly
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Denouement
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the final resolution of the main complication of a literary or dramatic work
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Greek Chorus
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voice of community, wisdom of age, provides audience with background and summary, sings and dances in the orchestra
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Hubris/Hamartia
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excessive pride
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Dramatic Irony
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(theater) irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play
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Tragedy
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drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior force or circumstance
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Tragic Hero
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A literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy
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Catharsis
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a release of emotional tension
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Anagnorisis
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Recognition of truth about one's self and his actions; moment of clarity
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Motif
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a design that consists of recurring shapes or colors
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Peripetia
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a sudden shift that sends the protagonist's fortunes from good to bad or vice versa
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Verbal Irony
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A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant
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Narrative Poem
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a poem that tells a story
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Mimesis
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the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature
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Tragic flaw
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the character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall
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Code of chivalry
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a code of behavior that governed the aspect of all knights behavior
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Allegory
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A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions
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Imagery
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language that appeals to the senses
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Antihero
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a protagonist who lacks the characteristics that would make him a hero (or her a heroine)
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Quest
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the act of searching for something
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Archetype
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an original model on which something is patterned
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Medieval romance saga
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adventure stories that feature kings, knights, and damsels in distress and tell of quests, battles, and doomed love
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Hyperbole
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a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor
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Vernacular
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the everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language)
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Canto
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division of a long poem
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Grotesque
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art characterized by an incongruous mixture of parts of humans and animals interwoven with plants
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mitigated
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made less severe or intense
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caricature
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a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect
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scruples
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motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions
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pervades
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spreads throughout
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manifested
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showed; revealed
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dispel
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force to go away
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invoked
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called on for help
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pristine
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immaculately clean and unused
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obsequiously
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In a manner that shows too great a willingness to serve
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rank
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having a strong, bad odor or taste; offensively gross or coarse; extreme
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elixir
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a substance believed to cure all ills
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accrue
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grow by addition
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tardily
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later than usual or than expected
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reprobate
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marked by immorality
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extirpate
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destroy completely, as if down to the roots
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skulks
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lurks in a cowardly way
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manifestations
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Display or disclosure of characteristics signs or symptoms of an illness; allow diagnosis to occur
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contention
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the act of competing as for profit or a prize
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calamity
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an event resulting in great loss and misfortune
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submissive
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willing to submit without resistance to authority
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blight
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anything that destroys, prevents growth, or causes devaluation
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pestilence
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a widespread disease
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induced
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brought about or caused
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dispatch
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the act of sending off something
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invoke
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to call on
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prophecy
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a prediction uttered under divine inspiration
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countenance
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consent to, give permission
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malignant
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extremely malevolent or malicious
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notions
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ideas
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perjured
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guilty of telling a lie under an oath
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guile
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shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
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tumult
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the act of making a noisy disturbance
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unfettered
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not bound by shackles and chains
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blaspheming
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to speak impiously or irreverently of (God or sacred things).
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desecrating
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violating the sacredness of
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portents
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things that foreshadow a coming event : omens, or signs
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dominion
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a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
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sequence
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the action of following in order
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poised
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in full control of your faculties
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sovereign
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a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right
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navigated
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v. To calculate or direct the movement of a ship or aircraft.
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elated
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exultantly proud and joyful
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serene
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completely clear and fine
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nimble
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moving quickly and lightly
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esteemed
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having an illustrious reputation
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importunity
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persistence in requesting
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abases
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(v) lowers; brings down
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flounders
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struggles to move
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tremulous
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quivering
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zeal
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excessive fervor to do something or accomplish some end
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putrid
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morally corrupt or evil
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despicable
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morally reprehensible
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lamentation
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a cry of sorrow and grief
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scorn
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open disrespect for a person or thing
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reprimand
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an act or expression of criticism and censure
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anguish
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extreme mental distress
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tempest
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A violent storm
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perilous
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fraught with danger
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awe
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an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration
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nimble
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moving quickly and lightly
