EMT-B Chapter 9 - Airway Management - Flashcards

question

Moves down slightly when it contracts

answer

diaphragm

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Irregular breathing pattern with increased rate and depth followed by apnea

answer

Cheyne-Stokes

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Active part of breathing

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Inhalation

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Voice box

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larynx

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Amount of air moved during one breath

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tidal volume

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Raises ribs when it contracts

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intercostal muscle

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Space between the lungs

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mediastinum

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Site of oxygen diffusion

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alveoli

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Thorax size decreases

answer

exhalation

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Insufficient oxygen for cells and tissues

answer

hypoxia

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Backup system to control respiration

answer

hypoxic drive

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Exchange of air between lungs and the environment

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ventilation

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What percentage of the air we breathe is made up of oxygen? a. 78% b. 12% c. 16% d. 21%

answer

D

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Regarding the maintenance of the airway in an unconscious adult, which of the following is false? a. insertion of an oropharyngeal airway helps keep the airway open b. the head tilt-chin lift maneuver should always be used to open the airway c. secretions should be suctioned from the mouth, as necessary d. inserting a rigid suction catheter beyond the tongue may cause gagging

answer

B

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The normal respiratory rate for an adult is: a. about equal to the person's heart rate b. 12 to 20 breaths/min c. faster when the person is sleeping d. the same as in infants and children

answer

B

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All of the following are signs of hypoxia except: a. tachycardia b. dehydration c. cyanosis d. weak pulse

answer

B

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The brain stem normally triggers breathing by increasing respirations when: a. carbon dioxide levels increase b. oxygen levels increase c. carbon dioxide levels decrease d. nitrogen levels decrease

answer

A

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Which of the following is not a sign of abnormal breathing? a. warm, dry skin b. speaking in two- or three-word sentences c. unequal breath sounds d. skin pulling in around the ribs during inspiration

answer

A

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The proper technique for sizing an oropharyngeal airway before insertion is to measure the device from: a. the tip of the nose to the earlobe b. the bridge of the nose to the tip of the chin c. the corner of the mouth to the earlobe d. the center of the jaw to the earlobe

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C

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What is the most common problem you may encounter when using a bag-mask device? a. volume of the bag-mask device b. positioning of the patient's head c. environmental conditions d. maintaining an airtight seal

answer

D

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When ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device, you should: a. look for inflation of the cheeks b. look for signs of the patient breathing on his or her own c. look for rise and fall of the chest d. listen for gurgling

answer

C

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Suctioning the oral cavity of an adult should be accomplished within: a. 5 seconds b. 10 seconds c. 15 seconds d. 20 seconds

answer

C

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Which of the following is the preferred method of assisting ventilations? a. mouth-to-mask with one-way valve b. two-person bag-mask device with reservoir and supplemental oxygen c. flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device d. one-person bag-mask device with oxygen reservoir and supplemental oxygen

answer

A

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When a person goes __________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is very likely. a.. 0-4 b. 4-6 c. 6-10 d. more than 10

answer

C

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If your partner, while examining a patient, states that the patient's lungs are equal and bilateral, you would understand your partner to mean that: a. both lungs have labored breathing b. both lungs are equally bad c. the patient is not breathing d. there are clear and equal lung sounds on both sides

answer

D

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What are agonal gasps? a. occasional gasping breaths, but adequate to maintain life b. occasional gasping breaths, unable to maintain life c. painful respirations due to broken ribs d. another name for ataxic respirations

answer

B

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You come upon an unresponsive patient who is not injured and is breathing on her own with a normal rate and an adequate tidal volume. What would be the advantage of placing her in the recovery position? a. it's the preferred position of comfort for patients b. it helps to protect their cervical spine when injuries are hidden c. it helps to maintain a clear airway d. it's easier to load them onto the cot from this position

answer

C

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T/F Nasal airways keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and facilitate suctioning of the oropharynx.

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F

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T/F Nasal cannulas can deliver a maximum of 44% oxygen at 6 L/min.

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T

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T/F Oral airways should be measure from the tip of the nose to the earlobe.

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F

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T/F Compressed gas cylinders pose no unusual risk.

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F

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T/F The pin-indexing system is used to ensure compatibility between pressure regulators and oxygen flowmeters.

answer

F

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Air enters the body through the __________ _______ __________.

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mouth and nose

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In exhalation, air pressure in the lungs is __________ than the pressure outside.

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higher

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The air we breathe contains __________ percent oxygen and _________ percent nitrogen.

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21; 78

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The primary mechanism for triggering breathing is the level of _________ __________ in the blood.

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carbon dioxide

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During inhalation, the __________ and __________ _________ contract, causing the thorax to enlarge.

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diaphragm; intercostal muscles

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Continuous __________ Airway __________ has proven to be immensely beneficial to patients experiencing respiratory distress from acute pulmonary edema or obstructive pulmonary disease.

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positive; pressure

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Insufficient oxygen in the cells and tissues is called _________.

answer

hypoxia

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Absence of spontaneous breathing

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apnea

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The space in between the vocal cords that is the narrowest portion of the adult's airway

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glottis

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The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs

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oxygenation

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A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas, is known as the _________ Standard System

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american

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_________ pressure can be applied to occlude the esophagus to inhibit gastric distention and regurgitation of vomitus in the unconscious patient.

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cricoid

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__________ ventilation is the volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute, minus the dead space, and is calculated by multiplying tidal volume (minus dead space) and respiratory rate

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minute

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The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen is called ___________ metabolism; the principle product is lactic acid

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anaerobic

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The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible is known as the __________ capacity

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vital

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A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded; a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome

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surfactant

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_________ respirations are irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

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ataxic

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__________ exchange is a term used to distinguish the degree of distress in a patient with a mild airway obstruction. The patient is still conscious and able to cough forcefully, although wheezing may be heard.

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goodair

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A ventilation device attached to a control box that allow the variables of ventilation to be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated

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atv

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Occasional, gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped are known as _________ respirations

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agonal

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An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; one in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin

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stoma

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Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream

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hypercarbia

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A life-threatening collection of air within the pleural space is called a(n) ___________ pneumothorax

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tension

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A dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

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hypoxia

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The term used to describe the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as blood, is __________ pressure

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partial

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Mechanical maintenance of pressure in the airway at the end of expiration to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs

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peep

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Point at which the trachea divides into the left and right mainstem bronchi

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carina

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A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation

answer

cpap

question

You respond to a construction site and find a worker lying supine in the dirt. He has been hit by a heavy construction vehicle and flew more than 15' before landing in his current position. There is discoloration and distention of his abdomen about the RUQ. He is unconscious and his respirations are 10 breaths/min and shallow, with noisy gurgling sounds. What airway technique will you use to open his airway? a. head tilt-neck lift maneuver b. jaw thrust c. head tilt-chin lift maneuver d. none of the above

answer

B

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You respond to a construction site and find a worker lying supine in the dirt. He has been hit by a heavy construction vehicle and flew more than 15' before landing in his current position. There is discoloration and distention of his abdomen about the RUQ. He is unconscious and his respirations are 10 breaths/min and shallow, with noisy gurgling sounds. After opening the airway, your next priority is to: a. provide oxygen at 6L/min via nonrebreathing mask b. provide oxygen at 15L/min via nasal cannula c. assist respirations d. suction the airway

answer

D

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You respond to a construction site and find a worker lying supine in the dirt. He has been hit by a heavy construction vehicle and flew more than 15' before landing in his current position. There is discoloration and distention of his abdomen about the RUQ. He is unconscious and his respirations are 10 breaths/min and shallow, with noisy gurgling sounds. What method will you use to keep his airway open? a. nasal cannula b. jaw thrust c. oropharyngeal airway d. any of the above

answer

C

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You respond to a construction site and find a worker lying supine in the dirt. He has been hit by a heavy construction vehicle and flew more than 15' before landing in his current position. There is discoloration and distention of his abdomen about the RUQ. He is unconscious and his respirations are 10 breaths/min and shallow, with noisy gurgling sounds. While assisting with respirations, you note gastric distention. In order to prevent or alleviate the distention, you should: a. ensure that the patient's airway is appropriately positioned b. ventilate the patient at the appropriate rate c. ventilate the patient at the appropriate volume d. all of the above

answer

D

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You respond to a construction site and find a worker lying supine in the dirt. He has been hit by a heavy construction vehicle and flew more than 15' before landing in his current position. There is discoloration and distention of his abdomen about the RUQ. He is unconscious and his respirations are 10 breaths/min and shallow, with noisy gurgling sounds. The correct ventilation rate for assisting this adult patient is: a. one breath every 5-6 seconds b. one breath every 3-5 seconds c. one breath every 10-12 seconds d. there is no need to assist with ventilations for this patient

answer

A

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What are 5 early signs of hypoxia?

answer

1. restlessness 2. tachycardia 3. irritability 4. anxiety 5. apprehension

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What are the normal respiratory rate for adults, children, and infants?

answer

adults: 12-20 breaths/min children: 15-30 breaths/min infants: 25-50 breaths/min

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How can you avoid gastric distention while performing artificial ventilation?

answer

give slow, gentle breaths

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What are 5 components of a manually triggered ventilation device?

answer

1. a peak flow rate of 100% oxygen at up to 40L/min 2. an inspiratory pressure safety release valve that opens at approximately 60cm of water and vents any remaining volume to the atmosphere or stops the flow of oxygen 3. an audible alarm that sounds whenever you exceed the relief valve pressure 4. the ability to operate satisfactorily under normal and varying environmental conditions 5. a trigger positioned so that both your hands can remain on the mask to provide an airtight seal while supporting and tilting the patient's head and keeping the jaw elevated

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What are 6 signs of inadequate breathing?

answer

1. respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths/min or greater than 20 breaths/min 2. accessory muscle use 3. skin pulling in around the ribs during inspiration 4. pale, cyanotic, or cool (clammy) skin 5. irregular rhythm 6. diminished, absent, or noisy breath sounds

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What are accessory muscles? Name 3.

answer

they are secondary muscles of respiration and are not used in normal breathing. 1. neck muscles 2. chest muscles 3. abdominal muscles

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When should medical control be consulted before inserting a nasal airway?

answer

when the patient has experienced severe trauma to the head or face

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What are the 4 steps in nasal airway insertion?

answer

1. select the proper-size airway and apply a water-soluble lubricant 2. place the airway in the larger nostril with the curvature following the curve of the floor of the nose 3. advance the airway gently 4. continue until the flange rests against the skin

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What is the best suction tip for suctioning the oropharynx, and why?

answer

tonsil tips are best because they have a larger diameter and do not collapse and are curved, which allows easy, rapid placement

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What is the time limit for each episode of suctioning an adult?

answer

15 seconds

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after performing a head tilt-chin life maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient, you should:

answer

suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct

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if a patient develops diff breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:

answer

reevaluate his airway status

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which of the following actions would not be performed during the scene size up?

answer

rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

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the diastolic pressure represents the:

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minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries

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a 40 y/o male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is a semiconscious has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. you should:

answer

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver

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when a patient's respiration's are shallow:

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tidal volume is markedly reduced

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when using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

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any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of RBC's, such as anemia or bleeding, and may result in an inaccurate or misleading value

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you are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." when you arrive, you find the patient, a 33 y/o male, unresponsive. his airway is patent and his respiration's are rapid. your initial action should be to:

answer

provide assisted ventilation

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which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway:

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stridor

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Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because:

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it often indicates the loss of half of his or her Blood volume

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An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

answer

500 psi

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Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

answer

adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

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Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:

answer

cardiogenic shock

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You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

answer

55%

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A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:

answer

repeat the epi injection after consulting with medical control

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A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:

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a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.

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The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg. A) 90, 50 B) 104, 40 C) 88, 30 D) 70, 28

answer

104, 40

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Capillary sphincters are:

answer

circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.

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Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock?

answer

wheezing

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A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to:

answer

follow standard precautions/BSI

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The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.

answer

cricoid

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Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

answer

absent peripheral pulses

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Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

answer

adequate amounts of surfactant

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At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

answer

44%

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A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

answer

administer 100% oxygen via a NRM mask

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You are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should:

answer

reassess his condition in 5 minutes/ perform a physical examination

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A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying 100% supplemental oxygen, you should:

answer

prepare for immediate transport

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When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

answer

300 mm Hg

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The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

answer

carbon dioxide

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The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi).

answer

2000

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What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?

answer

5600 mL

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In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:

answer

hypothermia

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How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

answer

It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane.

question

shock is the result of

answer

hypoperfusion to the cells of the body

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A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

answer

alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 mins of assisted ventilation

question

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

answer

corner of the mouth to the earlobe

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The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is:

answer

hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts

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When perfusion to the core of the body decreases:

answer

blood is shunted away from the skin

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A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: A) into the smaller nostril with the tip following the roof of the nose. B) into the larger nostril with the tip pointing away from the septum. C) with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare. D) with the bevel pointing downward if inserted into the left nare.

answer

C) with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.

question

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: A) thoroughly suction the stoma. B) ventilate with less pressure. C) thrust the jaw forward. D) seal the mouth and nose.

answer

seal the mouth and nose

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Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

answer

slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

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After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive, you should:

answer

assess for breathing

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The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:

answer

administering oxygen and transporting immediately

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What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing two-rescuer child CPR?

answer

15:2

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A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she:

answer

is unconscious, uninjured, and breathing adequately

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after ___ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is likely.

answer

6

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After ___ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is irreversible.

answer

10

question

The main benefit of using a mechanical piston or load-distributing band device for chest compressions is:

answer

the elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions

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When assessing the pulse of an unresponsive infant, you should palpate the ________ artery.

answer

brachial

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A 60-year-old male is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

answer

begin CPR until an AED is available

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After the patient's airway is intubated during two-rescuer CPR, you should:

answer

deliver one rescue breath every 6-8 seconds

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In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:

answer

30:2

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Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. grasping the throat. B. forceful coughing. C. inability to speak. D. acute cyanosis.

answer

forceful coughing

question

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is MOST correct? A. AEDs should not be used to defibrillate patients in V-fib. B. It is an uncommon dysrhythmia in patients with sudden cardiac arrest. C. The only indication for immediate defibrillation is V-fib. D. Survival rates decrease by 7% to 10% for each minute that V-fib persists.

answer

D. survival rates decrease by 7% to 10% for each minute that V-fib persists.

question

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

answer

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver

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Which of the following is NOT a BLS intervention?

answer

cardiac monitoring

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In MOST cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

answer

respiratory arrest

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What is the minimum number of chest compressions that should be delivered per minute to a 4-month-old infant?

answer

100

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CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

answer

prone

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Which of the following is NOT an indication to stop CPR once you have started? A. Care is transferred to a bystander. B. Pulse and respirations return. C. You are physically exhausted. D. A physician directs you to do so.

answer

A. Care is transferred to a bystander.

question

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:

answer

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can

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In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

answer

checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of his or her skin.

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Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?

answer

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

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End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with:

answer

respiratory distress

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Weakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of:

answer

destruction of protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles

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asthma is caused by a response of the:

answer

immune system

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When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

answer

abnormal breath sounds

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You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with:

answer

acute pulmonary embolism

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In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

answer

alveoli

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harsh high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

answer

stridor

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What does the upper airway consist of?

answer

Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx

question

What is the main function of the upper airway?

answer

to warm, filter, and humidify the air that enters the body

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What does the Pharynx consist of?

answer

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx

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What does the Lower Airway consist of?

answer

Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs

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What is the main function of the lower airway?

answer

to exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

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What is in the Mediastinum?

answer

Heart and Great Vessels, Esophagus, Trachea, Major Bronchi, and Nerves

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What is Ventilation?

answer

Physical act of breathing

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What is Oxygenation?

answer

process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream

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What is Respiration?

answer

Actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissue of the body

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What is Inhalation?

answer

Muscular Part of breathing, diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract

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What is partial pressure?

answer

amount of gas in the air or dissolved fluid

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The Partial Pressure of oxygen in air residing the alveoli is

answer

104 mmHg

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What regulates breathing?

answer

the pH level in the cerebrospinal fluid

question

Oxygenation is required for ______ to take place.

answer

internal respiration

question

Cells take energy from nutrients via ___

answer

metabolism

question

Where does pulmonary respiration take place?

answer

capillaries

question

Chemoreceptors monitor the levels of _____.

answer

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Ions, and pH of cerebrospinal fluid

question

What happens when ventilation is compromised but perfusion continues? What is the result?

answer

not all alveoli are enriched with oxygen Results in hypoxemia.

question

What happens when Perfusion across the aveolar membrane is disrupted? What is the result?

answer

Disruption in the blood flow does not allow for optimal exchange in gases across the membrane Results in hypoxemia

question

Intrinsic factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

answer

Infections, allergic reactions, and unresponsiveness. Results in hypoxia and hinder adequate tissue perfusion

question

Medication factors affecting pulmonary ventilaton

answer

lower respiration rate and tidal volume Results in Hypercarbia, increased Carbon Dioxide levels in the blood stream

question

Trauma to the head/spinal cord factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

answer

interrupts nervous control of ventilation Results in decreased respiratory function and even failure.

question

Extrinsic Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation

answer

blunt or penetrating trauma and burns disrupts airflow through the trachea and into the lungs

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Adequate Breathing for adults

answer

12-20 breaths/min

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Adequate Breathing for children

answer

15-30 breaths/min

question

Adequate Breathing for infants

answer

25-50 breaths/min

question

What factors create inaccurate pulse oximeter readings?

answer

hypervolemia, anemia, severe peripheral vasoconstriction, nail polish, or dirty fingers.

question

What is OPA?

answer

Inserted through the mouth of an unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway

question

Complications of OPA?

answer

vomiting, laryngospasm, injury to hard/soft palate, airway obstruction

question

What is NPA?

answer

Inserted through the nostril of an patient who is unable to maintain airway patency independently

question

What are NPA indications?

answer

conscious or semiconscious adults with or without gag reflex, Children older than 12 months of age, teeth are clenched and OPA cannot be inserted, Oral Trauma

question

What are NPA contraindications?

answer

Infants less than 12 months, Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose, History or suspect of fractured nasal bone

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What are NPA complications?

answer

vomiting, laryngospasm, injury and pressure necrosis to nasal mucusa, laceration of adenoids or tissue lining to nasal cavity, severe nosebleed, airway obstruction if kinked or clogged

question

External Factors affecting respirations

answer

decreased atmospheric pressure at high altitudes

question

Internal Factors affecting respirations

answer

pneumonia, COPD, etc

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What can compromise circulation?

answer

trauma emegencies typically obstruct blood flow

question

Explain Adequate Breathing for adults

answer

12-20 breaths per minute regular inhalation/exhalation pattern bilateral clear lungs adequate breaths chest rise and fall

question

Never suction the mouth or nose for more than __ seconds at one time for an adult

answer

15

question

Never suction the mouth or nose for more than __ seconds at one time for a child

answer

10

question

Never suction the mouth or nose for more than __ seconds at one time for an infant

answer

5

question

Suctioning too long can result in

answer

Hypoxia

question

What is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting?

answer

nonrebreathing mask; 10-15 L/min

question

What delivers oxygen through two small tubelike prongs?

answer

nasal cannula

question

Nasal Cannula can provide ___ to ___% inspired oxygen when the flowmeter is set to 1-6 L/ min?

answer

24% to 44%

question

The process by which carbon dioxide moves form a high concentration in the capillaries to a lower concentration in the alveoli is:

answer

diffusion

question

The aspect of natural ventilation that involves the diaphragm contracting and the chest wall expanding is

answer

inhalation

question

What does the upper airway consist of?

answer

Pharynx, Mouth, Epiglottis, and Larynx

question

What does the lower airway consist of?

answer

Trachea, Alveoli, Bronchioles, and Main Bronchi

question

The process by which carbon dioxide moves form a high concentration in the capillaries to a lower concentration in the alveoli is:

answer

diffusion

question

A patient who is developing early stages of hypoxia may exhibit:

answer

restlessness, irritability, apprehension, tachycardia, anxiety

question

A patient who takes an occasional gasping after his heart has stopped has ___ respirations

answer

agonal

question

When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, it is important to:

answer

measure the size from the tip of the nose to the earlobe, ensure the bevel faces the septum when inserting into the right nare, and lubricating the airway with a water based lubrincant

question

If a D-sized oxygen cylinder contains 300 L of oxygen and is at 2,000 psi at the start of a call, the best estimate for the amount of time a patient can receive 15 L/min with a nonreabreathing mask is:

answer

20 minutes

question

Properly performed suctioning of a patient may still cause

answer

vomiting

question

When using a bag-valve mask device, what key finding should you observe to assure adequate ventilation?

answer

good chest rise and fall

question

The most common complication of the flow restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device is:

answer

gastric distention

question

The structure also known as the windpipe is:

answer

the trachea

question

Fresh air breathed into the lungs contains about what percentage of oxygen?

answer

21%

question

Cells needs a constant supply of oxygen to suvive. Some cells may become severely or permanetley damaged after what period of time without oxygen?

answer

4-6 minutes

question

With an oxygen rate of 15 L'min and an adequate mask to mouth seal, a bag-mas device with an oxygen reservoir can deliver what percentage of oxygen?

answer

100%

question

What is ventilation?

answer

physical act of breathing

question

What is Oxygenation?

answer

Process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in blood stream

question

What is Respiration

answer

actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissue of the body

question

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in air residing in alveoli?

answer

104 mmHg

question

A patient who is developing late stages of hypoxia may exhibit:

answer

mental status changes, thready pulse, cyanosis

question

Fresh air breathed into the lungs contains about what percentage of nitrogen?

answer

78%

question

Fresh air breathed into the lungs contains about what percentage of Carbon Dioxide?

answer

0.3%

question

What is aerobic metabilism?

answer

metabolism that can proceed only in th presence of oxygen

question

What is anaerobic metabolism?

answer

the metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen

question

The is the product of anaerobic metabolism?

answer

lactic acid

question

Describe chemoreceptors

answer

monitor the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provides feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing base on the body's needs at any given time

question

Describe central chemoreceptors

answer

located in the medulla, respond quickly to slight elevations in carbon dioxide, or decrease in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid

question

Describe peripheral chemoreceptors

answer

located in the carotid arteries and aortic arch, are sensitive to decreased levels of oxygen in arterial blood as well as to low pH levels

question

Describe dorsal respiratory group

answer

responsible for initiating inspiration based on the information received from the chemoreceptors

question

What does the apneustic center stimulate?

answer

Dorsal respiratory group, resulting in slower, longer respirations

question

What is the ventral respiratory group's primary responsibility?

answer

motor control of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles

question

What does the pneumotaxic center help shut off?

answer

the dorsal respiratory group, resulting in shorter, faster respirations

question

What is adequate breathing for adults?

answer

12-20 breaths/min

question

What is adequate breathing for children?

answer

15-30 breaths/min

question

What is adequate breathing for infants?

answer

25-50 breaths/min

question

What can cause inacurate reading on the pulse oximeter?

answer

hypervolemia, anemia, sever peripheral vasoconstriction, and nail polish/dirty fingers

question

What is OP airway?

answer

inserted through the mouth of unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking upper airway and facilitate suctioning

question

What is the indication for OP airway?

answer

unresponsive with no gag reflex. Apneic patient being ventilated with a bag-mask device

question

What is the contraindiction for OP airway?

answer

conscious patient with gag reflex

question

What is NP airway?

answer

inserted through the nostril of patient who is unable to maintain airway potency independently

question

What is indication for NP airway?

answer

Semiconscious or unconscious with an intact gag reflex and will not tolerate the OP airway

question

What is contraindiction for NP airway?

answer

severe head injury with blood drainage from the nose or history of fractured nasal bone

question

What is considered using accessory muscles?

answer

sternocleidomastoid

question

What part of the airway serves as the functional site for gas exchange?

answer

alveoli

question

As you approach the patient, he begins to should "Hurry up and take care of me, will you!" Early sings of hypoxia includes:

answer

irritability

question

What supplemental oxygen device should you have your partner apply to a hypoxic patient?

answer

nonrebreathing mask

question

Your patient tells you that he has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and high cholesterol. Patients with COPD are stimulated to breath by the

answer

hypoxic drive

question

While en route to the emergency department, the patient's level of coniousness diminshes, his respiratory rate decreased to 4 breaths/min his lips have a blue tint, and the pulse oximeter is not reading 65%. You should begin delivering artificial breaths with a bag-mask device at a rate of one breath every:

answer

5-6 seconds

question

When ventilating a patient, the volume of air delivered to the patient is based on:

answer

chest rise

question

Seizures and strokes are examples of what type of medical emergency?

answer

neurologic

question

Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness is called the

answer

index of suspicion

question

AEROBIC METABOLISM

answer

METABOLISM THAT CAN PROCEED ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN. (BI-PRODUCTS ARE WATER AND CARBON DIXOIDE)

question

AGONAL RESPIRATIONS

answer

OCCASIONAL, GASPING BREATHS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE HEART HAS STOPPED.

question

AIRWAY

answer

THE UPPER AIRWAY TRACT OR THE PASSAGE ABOVE THE LARYNX WHICH INCLUDES THE NOSE, MOUTH AND THROAT.

question

ALVEOLAR VENTILATION

answer

THE VOLUME OF AIR THAT REACHES THE ALVEOLI. IT IS DETERMINED BY SUBTRACTING THE AMOUNT OF DEAD SPACE AIR FROM THE TIDAL VOLUME.

question

AMERICAN STANDARD SYSTEM

answer

A SAFETY SYSTEM FOR LARGE OXYGEN CYLINDERS, DESIGNED TO PREVENT THE ACCIDENTAL ATTACHMENT OF A REGULATOR TO A CYLINDER CONTAINING THE WRONG TYPE OF GAS

question

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM

answer

THE METABOLISM THAT TAKES PLACE IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN. (BI-PRODUCT IS LACTIC ACID)

question

APNEA

answer

ABSCENCE OF SPONTANEOUS BREATHING.

question

ASPIRATION

answer

THE INTRODUCTION OF VOMITUS OR OTHER FOREIGN MATERIAL INTO THE LUNGS.

question

ATAXIC RESPIRATIONS

answer

IRREGULAR, INEFFECTIVE RESPIRATIONS THAT MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE AN IDENTIFIABLE PATTERN.

question

AUTOMATIC TRANSPORT VENTILATOR (ATV)

answer

A VENTILATION DEVICE ATTACHED TO A CONTROL BOX THAT ALLOWS THE VARIABLES OF VENTILATION TO BE SET. IT FRES THE EMT TO PERFORM OTHER TASKS WHILE THE PATIENT IS BEING VENTILATED.

question

BAG-MASK DEVICE

answer

A DEVICE WITH A ONE-WAY VALVE AND A FACE MASK ATTACHED TO A VENTILATION BAG; WHEN ATTACHED TO A RESERVOIR AND CONNECTED TO OXYGEN, DELIVERS MORE THAN 90% SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN.

question

BARRIER DEVICE

answer

A PROTECTIVE ITEM, SUCH AS A POCKET MASK WITH A VALVE, THAT LIMITES EXPOSURE TO A PATIENT'S BODY FLUIDS.

question

BILATERAL

answer

A BODY PART OR CONDITION THAT APPEARS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE MIDLINE.

question

BRONCHIOLES

answer

SUBDIVISION OF THE SMALLER BRONCHI IN THE LUNGS; MADE SMOOTH MUSCLE AND DILATE OR CONSTRICT IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS STIMULI.

question

CARINA

answer

POINT AT WHICH THE TRACHEA BIFURCATES (DIVIDES) INTO THE LEFT AND RIGHT MAINSTEM BRONCHI.

question

CHEMORECEPTORS

answer

MONITOR THE LEVELS OF 02, C02 AND THE pH OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND THEN PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE RESPIRATORY CENTERS TO MODIFY THE RATE AND DEPTH OF BREATHING BASED ON THE BODY'S NEEDS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.

question

COMPLIANCE

answer

THE ABILITY OF THE ALVEOLI TO EXPAND WHEN AIR IS DRAWN IN DURING INHALATION.

question

CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP)

answer

A METHOD OF VENTILATION USED PRIMARILY IN THE TREATMENT OF CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; CAN PREVENT THE NEED FOR ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION.

question

CRICOID PRESSURE

answer

PRESSURE ON THE CRICOID CARTILAGE; APPLIED TO OCCLUDE THE ESOPHAGUS TO INHIBIT GASTRIC DESTENTION AND REGURGITATION OF VOMITUS IN THE UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT.

question

DEAD SPACE

answer

THE PORTION OF THE TIDAL VOLUME THAT DOES NOT REACH THE ALVEOLI AND THUS DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN GAS EXCHANGE.

question

DIFFUSION

answer

A PROCESS IN WHICH MOLECULES MOVE FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION.

question

DYSPNEA

answer

SHORTNESS OF BREATH

question

EXHALATION

answer

THE PASSIVE PART OF THE BREATHING PROCESS IN WHICH THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES RELAX, FORCING AIR OUT OF THE LUNGS.

question

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

answer

THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND THE BLOOD CELLS IN THE PULMONARY CAPILLARIES; ALSO CALLED PULMONARY RESPIRATION.

question

GAG REFLEX

answer

A NORMAL REFLEX MECHANISM THAT CAUSES RETCHING; ACTIVATED BY TOUCHING THE SOFT PALATE OR THE BACK OF THE THROAT.

question

GASTRIC DISTENTION

answer

A CONDITION IN WHICH AIR FILLS THE STOMACH, OFTEN AS A RESULT OF HIGH VOLUME AND PRESSURE DURING ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION.

question

GLOTTIS

answer

THE SPACE IN BETWEEN THE VOCAL CORDS THAT IS THE NARROWEST PORTION OF THE ADULT'S AIRWAY, ALSO CALLED THE GLOTTIC OPENING.

question

GOOD AIR EXCHANGE

answer

A TERM USED TO DISTINGUISH THE DEGREE OF DISTRESS IN A PATIENT WITH A MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. WITH GOD AIR EXCHANGE THE PATIENT IS STILL CONSCIOUS AND ABLE TO COUGH FORCEFULLY, ALTHOUGH WHEEZING MAY BE HEARD.

question

HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT MANEUVER

answer

A COMBINATION OF TWO MOVEMENTS TO OPEN THE AIRWA BY TILTING THE FOREHEAD BACK AND LIFTING THE CHIN; NOT USED FOR TRAUMA PATIENTS.

question

HYPERCARBIA

answer

INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL IN THE BLOODSTREAM.

question

HYPOXIA

answer

A DANGEROUS CONDITION IN WHICH THE BODY TISSUES AND CELLS DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH OXYGEN.

question

HYPOXIC DRIVE

answer

A CONDITION IN WHICH CHRONICALLY LOW LEVELS OF OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD STIMULATE THE RESPIRATORY DRIVE, SEEN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES.

question

INHALATION

answer

THE ACTIVE, MUSCULAR PART OF BREATHING THAT DRAWS AIR INTO THE AIRWAY AND LUNGS.

question

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

answer

THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE BLOOD CELLS AND THE TISSUES.

question

INTRAPULMONARY SHUNTING

answer

BYPASSING OF OXYGEN POOR BLOOD PAST NONFUNCTIONAL ALVEOLI TO THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART.

question

JAW-THRUST

answer

TECHNIQUE TO OPEN THE AIRWAY BY PLACING THE FINGERS BEHIND THE ANGLE OF THE JAW AND BRINING THE JAW FORWARD; USED FOR PATIENTS WHO MAY HAVE A CERVICAL SPINE INJURY.

question

LABORED BREATHING

answer

BREATHING THAT REQUIRES GREATER THAN NORMAL EFFORT; MAY BE SLOWER OR FASTER THAN NORMAL AND USUALLY REQUIRES THE USE OF ACCESSORY MUSCLES.

question

LARYNX

answer

A COMPLEX STRUCTURE FORMED BY MANY INDEPENDENT CARTILAGINOUS STRUCTURES THAT ALL WORK TOGETHER; WHERE THE UPPER AIRWAY ENDS AND THE LOWER AIRWAY BEGINS; ALSO CALLED THE VOICE BOX.

question

MANUALLY TRIGGERED VENTILATION DEVICE

answer

A FIXED FLOW/RATE VENTILATION DEVICE THAT DELIVERS A BREATH EVERYTIME ITS BUTTON IS PUSHED; ALSO REFERRED TO AS A FLOW-RESTICTED, OXYGEN POWERED VENTILATION DEVICE.

question

MEDIASTINUM

answer

SPACE WITHIN THE CHEST THAT CONTAINS THE HEART, MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS, VAGUS NERVE, TRACHEA, MAJOR BRONCHI AND ESOPHAGUS; LOCATED BETWEEN THE TWO LUNGS.

question

METABOLISM (CELLULAR RESPIRATION)

answer

THE BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT RESULT IN PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM NUTRIENTS WITHIN THE CELLS.

question

MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

answer

OCCURS WHENA FOREIGN BODY PARTIALLY OBSTRUCTS THE PATIENT'S AIRWAY. THE PATIENT IS ABLE TO MOVE ADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF AIR, BUT ALSO EXPERIENCES SOME DEGREE OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS.

question

MINUTE VENTILATION

answer

THE VOLUME OF AIR MOVED THROUGH THE LUNGS IN 1 MINUTE MINUS THE DEAD SPACE; CALCULATED BY MULTIPLYING TIDAL VOLUME (MINUS DEAD SPACE) AND RESPIRATORY RATE; ALSO REFERRED TO AS MINUTE VOLUME.

question

NASAL CANNULA

answer

AN OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICE IN WHICH THE OXYGEN FLOWS THROUGH TWO SMALL, TUBELIKE PRNOGS THAT FIT INTO THE PATIENT'S NOSTRILS; DELIVERS 24%-44% SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN, DEPENDING ON THE FLOW RATE.

question

NASOPHARYNGEAL (NASAL) AIRWAY

answer

AIRWAY ADJUNCT INSERTED INTO THE NOSTRIL OF AN UNRESPONSIVE PATIENT, OR A PATIENT WITH AN ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS WHO IS UNABLE TO MAINTAIN AIRWAY PATENCY INDEPENDENTLY.

question

NASOPHARYNX

answer

THE NASAL CAVITY; FORMED BY THE UNION OF FACIAL BONES AND PROTECTS THE RESPIRATORY TRACT FROM CONTAMINANTS.

question

NONREBREATHING MASK

answer

A COMBINATION MASK AND RESERVOIR BAG SYSTEM THAT IS THE PREFERRED WAY TO GIVE OXYGEN IN THE PREHOSPITAL SETTING; DELIVERS UP TO 90% INSPIRED OXYGEN AND PREVENTS INHALING THE EXHALED GASES (CARBON DIXOIDE)

question

OROPHARYNGEAL (ORAL) AIRWAY

answer

AIRWAY ADJUNCT INSERTED INTO THE MOUTH OF AN UNRESPONSIVE PATIENT TO KEEP THE TOUNGE FROM BLOCKING THE UPPER AIRWAY AND TO FACILITATE SUCTIONING THE AIRWAY IF NECESSARY.

question

OROPHARYNX

answer

FORMS THE POSTERIOR PORTION OF THE ORGAL CAVITY, WHICH IS BORDERED SUPERIORLY BY THE HARD AND OFT PALATES, LATERALLY BY THE CHEEKS, AND INFERIORLY BY THE TOUNGE.

question

OXYGENATION

answer

THE PROCESS OF DELIVERING OXYGEN TO THE BLOOD BY DIFFUSION FROM THE ALVEOLI FOLLOWING INHALATION INTO THE LUNGS.

question

PARIETAL PLEURA

answer

THIN MEMBRANE THAT LINES THE CHEST CAVITY.

question

PARTIAL PRESSURE

answer

THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE AMOUNT OF GAS IN AIR OR DISSOLVED IN FLUID, SUCH AS BLOOD.

question

PATENT

answer

OPEN CLEAR OF OBSTRUCTION

question

PHRENIC NERVE

answer

NERVE THAT INNERVATES THE DIAPHRAGM; NECESSARY FOR ADEQUATE BREATHING TO OCCUR.

question

PIN-INDEXING SYSTEM

answer

A SYSTEM ESTABLISHED FOR PORTABLE CYLINDERS TO ENSURE THAT A REGULATOR IS NOT CONNECTED TO A CYLINDER CONTAINING THE WRONG TYPE OF GAS.

question

PNEUMOTHORAX

answer

A PARTIAL OR COMPLETE ACCUMULATION OF AIR IN THE PLEURAL SPACE.

question

POOR AIR EXCHANGE

answer

A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE DEGREE OF DISTRESS IN A PATIENT WITH A MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. WITH POOR AIR EXCHANGE, THE PATIENT OFTEN HAS A WEAK, INEFFECTIVE COUGH, INCREASED DIFFICULTY BREATHING, OR POSSIBLE CYANOSIS AND MAY PRODCE A HIGH-PITCHED NOISE DURING INHALATION (STRIDOR)

question

POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE (PEEP)

answer

MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE O PRESURE IN THE AIRWAY AT THE END OF EXPIRATION TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF GAS REMAINING IN THE LUNGS.

question

PULSE OXIMETRY

answer

AN ASSESSMENT TOOL THAT MEASURES OXYGEN SATURATION OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE CAPILLARY BEDS.

question

RECOVERY POSITION

answer

A SIDE-LYING POSITION USED TO MAINTAIN A CLEAR AIRWAY IN UNCONSCIOUS PATIENTS WITHOUT INJURIES WHO AE BREATHING ADEQUATELY.

question

RESIDUAL VOLUME

answer

THE AIR THAT REMAINS IN THE LUNGS AFTER MAXIMAL EXPIRATION.

question

RESPIRATION

answer

THE PROCESS OF EXCHANGING OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE.

question

RETRACTIONS

answer

MOVEMENTS IN WHICH THE SKIN PULLS IN AROUND THE RIBS DURING INSPIRATION.

question

SELLICK MANEUVER

answer

A TECHNIQUE THAT IS USED TO PREVENT GASTRIC DISTENTION IN WHICH PRESSURE IS APPLIED TO THE CRICOID CARTILAGE; ALSO REFERRED TO AS CRICOID PRESSURE.

question

SEVER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

answer

OCCURS WHEN A FOREIGN BODY COMPLETELY OBSTRUCTS THE PATIENT'S AIRWAY. PATIENT'S CANNOT BREATHE, TALK OR COUGH.

question

STOMA

answer

AN OPENING THROUGH THE SKIN AND INTO AN ORGAN OR OTHER STRUCTURE; A STOMA IN THE NECK CONNECTS THE TRACHEA DIRECTLY TO THE SKIN.

question

STRIDOR

answer

A HIGH-PITCHED NOISE HEARD PRIMARILY ON INSPIRATION.

question

SUCTION CATHETER

answer

A HOLLOW, CYLINDRICAL DEVICE USED TO REMOVE FLUID FROM THE PATIENT'S AIRWAY.

question

SURFACTANT

answer

A LIQUID PROTEIN SUBSTANCE THAT COATS THE ALVEOLI IN THE LUNGS, DECREASES ALVEOLAR SURFACE TENSION, AND KEEPS THE ALVEOLI EXPANDED; A LOW LEVEL IN A PREMATURE INFANT CONTRIBUTES TO RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME.

question

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX

answer

A LIFE-THREANING COLLECTION OF AIR WITHIN THE PLEURAL SPACE; THE VOLUME AND PRESSURE HAVE BOTH COLLAPSED THE INVOLVED LUNG AND CAUSED A SHIFT OF THE MEDIASTINAL STRUCTURES TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE.

question

TIDAL VOLUME

answer

THE AMOUNT OF AIR (IN mL) THAT IS MOVED IN OR OUT OF THE LUNGS DURING ONE BREATH.

question

TONSIL TIPS

answer

LARGE, SEMIRIGID SUCTION TIPS RECOMMENDED FOR SUCTIONING THE PHARYNX; ALSO CALLED YANKAUER TIPS.

question

TRACHEOSTOMY

answer

SURGICAL OPENING INTO THE TRACHEA.

question

VENTILATION

answer

EXCHANGE OF AIR BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT, SPONTANEOUSLY BY THE PATIENT OR WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ANOTHER PERSON, SUCH AS AN EMT.

question

VISCERAL PLEURA

answer

THIN MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE LUNGS

question

VITAL CAPACITY

answer

THE AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCIBLY EXPELLED FROM THE LUNGS AFTER BREATHING IN AS DEEPLY AS POSSIBLE.

question

VOCAL CORDS

answer

THIN WHITE BANDS OF TOUGH MUSCULAR TISSUE THAT ARE LATERAL BORDERS OF THE GLOTTIS AND SERVE AS THE PRIMARY CENTER FOR SPEECH PRODUCTION.

question

WHEEZING

answer

THE PRODUCTION OF WHISTLING SOUNDS DURING EXPIRATION SUCH AS OCCURS IN ASTHMA AND BRONCHIOLITIS.

question

Appropriate suctioning setting for adult

answer

between 80-120 mmHg

question

Appropriate suctioning setting for children

answer

between 50-100 mmHg

question

How to measure catheter insertion for OP?

answer

corner of mouth to edge of earlobe

question

What will occur with excessive negative pressure from OP suctioning?

answer

hypoxia

question

When should oxygen be removed?

answer

when suctioning is ready

question

Maximum suctioning time for Peds

answer

5-10 seconds

question

Maximum suctioning time for adults

answer

10-15 seconds

question

Rigid Catheter oxygen sourse ventilation rate for Adults

answer

10-20/minute

question

Rigid Catheter oxygen source ventilation rate for Peds

answer

12-20/minute

question

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to: A) provide assisted ventilation. B) assess his blood pressure. C) request a paramedic unit. D) apply a pulse oximeter.

answer

A) provide assisted ventilation.

question

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: A) tilt the patient's head back and lift up on his chin. B) apply a cervical collar and suction his airway. C) open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. D) apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm.

answer

C) open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

question

You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should: A) hyperextend the patient's head and reattempt ventilations. B) suction the patient's airway for 30 seconds and reattempt ventilations. C) continue attempted ventilations and transport immediately. D) begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique.

answer

D) begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique.

question

The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected: A) mandibular fractures. B) upper airway swelling. C) cervical spine injuries. D) copious oral secretions.

answer

C) cervical spine injuries.

question

The hypoxic drive—the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases— is influenced by: A) high blood oxygen levels. B) low blood oxygen levels. C) low blood carbon dioxide levels. D) high blood carbon dioxide levels.

answer

B) low blood oxygen levels.

question

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: A) can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly. B) effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. C) is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex. D) can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.

answer

D) can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.

question

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is: A) carbon dioxide. B) carbon monoxide. C) pyruvic acid. D) lactic acid.

answer

A) carbon dioxide.

question

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should: .

answer

aggressively manage his airway.

question

A 30-year-old female was robbed and assaulted by a gang as she was leaving a nightclub. She has massive facial trauma and slow, gurgling respirations. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you should:

answer

suction her oropharynx for 15 seconds.

question

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

answer

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

EMT-B Chapter 9 – Airway Management – Flashcards

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