Ellis and Associates Lifeguard Training – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Professional Aspects
answer
* Punctual - Arrive at work ahead of time. * In proper uniform - Look neat, clean, and easily identifiable as a lifeguard (shirt, hat/visor, sunglasses). * Prepared - Have the items you need to do the job (whistle, hydration, sun protection, etc.). * Pleasant - Act cordially to guests and coworkers at all times; smile :). * Attentive - Keep your eyes on the zone of protection and avoid distractions. * Vigilant - Maintain your lifeguarding skills at peak performance level (test-ready). * Knowledgeable - Know and enforce the facility rules.
question
10/20 protection standard rule
answer
10 seconds to see it and 20 seconds to get to the scene
question
Distress
answer
Patron who is having trouble
question
Areas of danger
answer
Glare Shadows Exits Right under chair
question
Zone of protection
answer
A lifeguard station or position is assigned a specific area of responsibility.
question
Vigilance
answer
Consistent and careful attention to your zones of protection.
question
Signs of a guest in distress
answer
*Body position - The body will be at a diagonal or vertical position. Legs are not kicking and arms are extended out to the side. It may look like the guest is trying to reach or grab for something. The guest may have turned toward safety (a lifeguard, a wall, or a lane line). *Movement - There will be little to no forward movement. *Appearance - All effort is expended to stay above the water. Eyes may be open or tightly closed. Long hair may cover the face. *Breathing - In an attempt to breathe, the head will usually be held back to keep the mouth above the surface of the water. The guest is attempting to concentrate only on breathing while on the surface. There may be little to no calling out for help.
question
Types of drowning
answer
Active drowning - victim may struggle on the surface of the water for a short period of time before submerging. Passive (silent) drowning - victims can slip quickly and silently beneath the surface of the water.
question
BSI
answer
Body Substance Isolation (protection) - Self-care, gloves, water
question
EAP
answer
Emergency action plan
question
Supplemental responders
answer
staff members
question
EMS
answer
emergency medical services
question
One short whistle blast
answer
Get attention of guest(s)
question
Two short whistle blows
answer
Get attention of lifeguard(s)
question
One long whistle blow
answer
Activate the EAP
question
Two long whistle blast
answer
Indicate a major emergency
question
Hand Signals
answer
*Pointing - Give direction. Can be used with whistle blast to indicate to guest what you would like them to do. *Raised clenched fist - Help is needed. Can be used with whistle blast. *Crosses arms above the head - Signal to stop dispatch. Generally used on slides, tube rides, or other water attractions. *Thumbs up - All is right to resume activity. *Tapping the top of your head - Signals "Watch my area."
question
Assist
answer
Occurs when you help a guest, either from deck or water while still being able to maintain zone coverage within 10/20 standard
question
Rescue
answer
Occurs when a guest would not be able to get to the pool surface or deck without lifeguard intervention. (EAP activated)
question
Order of a rescue
answer
Whistle Point Turn off machines Jump in
question
Golden Rule of guest relations:
answer
"Treat guests as you would like to be treated--with respect."
question
C.A.R.E. philosophy
answer
*Confidence - Maintain an adequate level of personal lifeguarding knowledge and skills, enhanced through appropriate initial and in-service training at your specific facility. Displaying a professional, enthusiastic image gives others confidence in your abilities. *Alertness - Remain in a constant states of readiness. *Responsiveness - React in the appropriate manner when faced with an emergency. *Empathy - Try to understand your guests' needs, wants, and emotions by placing yourself in their position.
question
D.E.A.L. with difficult situations
answer
*Define the problem - Get a clear understanding of the problem. Evaluate your options - Examine alternatives, considering the consequences now and in the future. *Act now - Take action, based on the information you have acquired. *Look at outcomes - Try to solve the problem to your and the guest's satisfaction. To avoid repeating similar circumstances, see if there is an opportunity for coworkers to learn from this situation.
question
Rescue breaths for adults
answer
1 breath every 5 seconds. Cycle is 2 minutes = 24 breaths.
question
Rescue breaths for children or infants
answer
1 breath every 3 seconds. Cycle is 2 minutes = 40 breaths.
question
FBAO
answer
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
question
FBAO on Responsive Adult or Child
answer
Perform the Heimlich maneuver: 1. Place fist against guest's abdomen, with your thumb just above the guest's navel. 2. Grasp fist with other hand and press into abdomen using quick inward and upward thrusts. 3. Continue until object is removed or guest becomes unconscious.
question
FBAO on Responsive Infant
answer
DO NOT PERFORM HEIMLICH ON INFANTS UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE. 1. Support head and neck, lay infant face down on your forearm and lower arm to leg. 2. Administer five firm back blows between shoulder blades with heel of hand. 3. With continued support, roll baby face up. 4. Firmly give five chest thrusts on infant's sternum, between nipple line. 5. Repeat steps until object is removed or infant goes unconscious.
question
FBAO on Unresponsive Adult, Child, or Infant
answer
1. 30 chest compressions 2. Open airway and check for foreign object. If visible use finger sweep on adult and child, or pluck object for infant to remove. 3. If invisible, give two breaths 4. Continue chest compressions and breaths until airway is cleared or EMS arrives.
question
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)
answer
Electrical impulses become chaotic and the heart's pump has an incorrect rhythum
question
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)
answer
Heart beats too quickly to pump blood effectively
question
CPR
answer
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
question
AED
answer
Automated external defibrillator
question
Assessing the Situation
answer
Assess the scene safety first and take proper BSI precautions. 1. Check responsiveness. 2. If guest does not respond, activate EAP to retrieve an AED. 3. If guest is breathing and no spinal injury is suspected, roll into recovery position. 4. If guest is not breathing, check pulse for 10 seconds. 5. If there is a pulse but no breathing, open airway and provide rescue breathing for two minutes, then reassess. 6. If no pulse and no breathing, begin CPR. Reassess every two minutes. 7. Apply AED if available. 8. Continue care until EMS arrives.
question
Adult, One Rescuer CPR
answer
30 chest compressions - Two breaths
question
Depth of chest compressions on an Adult
answer
2 inches
question
Child, One Rescuer CPR
answer
30 chest compressions - Two breaths
question
Depth of chest compressions on a Child
answer
2 inches (1/3 total depth of chest)
question
Infant, One Rescuer CPR
answer
30 compressions - Two breaths
question
Depth of chest compressions on an Infant
answer
1 1/2 inches (1/3 total depth of chest)
question
Adult, Multiple-Rescuer CPR
answer
30 compressions - Two breaths
question
Child, Multiple-Rescuer CPR
answer
15 compressions - Two breaths
question
Infant, Multiple-Rescuer CPR
answer
15 compressions - Two breaths
question
Flow rate for oxygen tank
answer
15 lpm (liters per minute)
question
Under what psi should oxygen tank be replaced?
answer
1,200 psi
question
Fitting sizes for BVMs
answer
15 mm/22 mm
question
Distance an extricated patron needs to be from the water's edge.
answer
6 feet
question
AVPU Responsiveness Scale
answer
Alert - Responding appropriately Verbal - Responding to only loud verbal stimulus Pain - Responding to only painful stimulus Unresponsive - Not responding
question
DOTS Secondary Check
answer
Deformity Open wounds Tenderness or pain Swelling and discoloration
question
SAMPLE
answer
Signs or Symptoms Allergies Medications Past Pertinent History Last intake (food or water or drugs?) Events leading up to
question
Heart Attack
answer
- Signs: *Chest pressure or pain that last more than a few minutes, and may spread to shoulders, neck, jaw, or arms, *Breathing difficulty, *Dizziness, *Sweating, *Nausea, *Fatigue - Care: 1. Activate EAP 2. Make guest comfortable 3. If guest has prescribed meds, assist with use 4. Provide 1 regular aspirin or 4 chewable aspirin if available.
question
Stroke
answer
- Signs: *Weakness or numbness on one side of the body, *Vision problems, *Problems speaking, *Dizziness or loss of balance, *Confusion, *Sudden severe headache - Care: 1. Activate EAP 2. Make guest comfortable 3. If vomiting occurs, roll guest into side (recovery position)
question
Heat Emergencies
answer
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. - Signs and symptoms: *Muscle cramps (common in legs and abdomen), *Dizziness, *Nausea/vomiting, *Fatigue, *Severe headache, *Extreme thirst, *Hot skin (either wet or dry), *Rapid pulse, *Mental confusion (including unconsciousness), *Seizure - Care: * Have guest stop strenuous activity and rest in a cool location. * Remove any heavy or restricting clothing * Provide cool water or sports drink (about half a glass every 15 minutes) if guest is alert and not nauseous * Gently stretch affected muscles if heat cramps are suspected. * Apply cool, wet towels or sheets. * Put ice packs at armpits, groin, or sides of the neck if guest has a decreased level of consciousness. * If condition does not improve quickly, activate EAP.
question
Cold Emergencies
answer
Hypothermia. - Signs: *Uncontrollable shivering, *Confusion, *Sluggishness, *Cold skin - Care: 1. Move guest out of the cold and make guest comfortable 2. Replace any wet clothing with dry clothing, covering guest's head, and insulating guest with towels or blankets. 3. Provide warm, sugary beverages if guest is alert and able to swallow 4. Seek medical attention if condition is severe.
question
Fainting
answer
-Signs or Symptoms: *Nausea, *Weakness, *Chills, *Abdominal pain, *Dizziness, *Headache -Causes: *Hyperventilation, *Hypoglycemia (low), *Heart problems, *Dehydration, *Blood loss, *Psychological stress -Care: *Have guest lie down on flat surface. If guest has already fainted, look for signs of head or spinal injury and treat. *Check responsiveness, breathing, and pulse. *If guests vomits, roll and suction. *Loosen restrictive clothing *Activate EAP
question
Seizures
answer
-Signs or Symptoms: *Abdominal sensations, *unusual behavior, *muscle rigidity, or *altered levels of consciousness -Causes: *Drug overdoes, *Hypoglycemia (low), *Fever, *Head Injury, *Infection -Care: *Protect guest from injury. Move objects that might cause injury. *Roll guest into recovery position to keep airway clear. *Place thin, soft object between guest head and floor. *Activate EAP
question
Shock
answer
-Causes: *Injury from blood loss, *Fluid loss (severe vomiting, diarrhea, or burns), *Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to offending agent, chemical, or toxin -Signs and Symptoms: *Anxiety, *Cool, pale, moist skin, *Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing, *Rapid pulse, *Weakness, *Hives, itching, and swelling -Care: *Place guest on back as long as no difficulty breathing. If unresponsive and vomiting place in recovery position *Maintain normal body temperature *Provide oxygen *Determine if guest has medication for allergic reactions, help guest self-administer *Activate EAP
question
Diabetic Emergencies
answer
**Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) -Signs and Symptoms: *Sweating, *Rapid pulse, *Shakiness, dizziness, weakness, *Decreased coordination, *Difficulty concentrating, *Blurred vision, *Headache, *Trouble performing routine tasks **Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) -Signs and Symptoms: *Dry, parched mouth, *Extreme thirst, *Frequent urination, *General weakness, *Fruity breath, *Nausea and vomiting, *Abdominal pain, *Deep, rapid breathing -Care: *For conscious guest who are able to swallow, ask to describe specific treatment needs and provide foods that contain sugar. *Unresponsive guest, activate EAP
question
Asthma Attacks
answer
-Causes:
question
10/3 protection standard
answer
A lifeguard has 10 seconds to complete scan and recognize that a guest is in distress. Should guest in distress become submerged, the lifeguard(s) should complete a bottom search of the entire zone and ultimately recover the guest within 3 minutes.
