question

According to Erikson, what might happen if a child fails to resolve a crisis at an early stage?

answer

We will have to come back and revisit that information- and have problems with it later

question

How does Erikson define a developmental crisis?

answer

POSITIVE CHOICES=success

question

Children experiencing the Eriksonian conflict of trust vs. mistrust are also in what Piagetian stage?

answer

Sensory- motor

question

Sally is in the stage Erikson calls initiative vs. guilt. Her parents supervise her closely and direct all her activities. From a developmental perspective, what might be the potential danger of his approach?

answer

Start to doubt her own actions / lack of confidence / wont trust her own judgment

question

The way that children resolve the autonomy vs. shame and doubt crisis influences their later sense of

answer

confidence in their ability

question

8. Francis is no longer satisfied with pretending he has a place of his own. He's in the third grade now and old enough to build a real playhouse. He sets to work with boards and cardboard, and takes great pleasure in the completed project. What stage/crisis might best categorize where Francis is at this point in his development?

answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

question

The school and the neighborhood first become highly important influences during what Eriksonian stage?

answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

question

Martin now takes considerable pride in completing his fourth-grade homework assignments and in doing them well. He is quite disappointed when the teacher assigns an "A" to him for a project that he strongly felt deserved an A+ (or better!). According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Martin is in what stage of development?

answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

question

Christine can't decide what she wants to pursue when she graduates from high school this year. "Life is so confusing," she thinks to herself. "Perhaps it is best not to think about these decisions at all." Christine is experiencing identity___

answer

diffusion

question

Seventeen-year-old Carl has considered several career options and has developed a firm career goal. Carl is experiencing identity____

answer

achievement

question

Ever since Maida was a child, her parents talked about the possibility of her becoming a doctor. They brought her chemistry sets and equipment, such as stethoscopes and tongue depressors. When Maida entered college, she enrolled in the pre-medical program without even considering other options. According to James Marcia, Maida is exhibiting identity

answer

foreclosure

question

What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem

answer

Concept- cognitive structure Esteem- effective reaction ( how we feel)

question

How does the development of children's self-concept evolve?

answer

Our evaluation of ourselves in many different contexts

question

George attends a rural middle school in Virginia. On standardized achievement tests given in George's school, the school average is near the national average. George's friend Harold attends an elite private school in Washington, D.C. The average score of students at Harold's school on the same achievement measure is well above the national average. According to Marsh, George is more likely to feel better about his abilities than does Harold, even though both boys received high scores on the test. What developmental concept is illustrated?

answer

Big fish little pond

question

As children develop perspective-taking abilities, there is a gradual movement toward a state of

answer

morality of cooperation

question

During what period of time do we expect that most people develop "perspective taking"abilities?

answer

Age 14-adulthood

question

Frank said, "If I were starving, I'd steal a loaf of bread, but it would be wrong and against the law" What level of moral reasoning does Frank demonstrate?

answer

conventional moral reasoning

question

Andrea is driving home from the library at 2:00 in the morning. She stops for a red light and waits, even though no one is in sight. After looking again carefully in all directions, she drives across against the light. According to Kohlberg, what level of moral reasoning is reflected by Andrea's decision to cross the intersection?

answer

Post-conventional

question

Vic was struggling with a difficult math exam. Abbey, an A+ student, was not covering her paper, so Vic decided to copy some of her answers in order to avoid having to try solving the rest of the problems himself. What level of moral reasoning did Vic demonstrate?

answer

Pre-conventional (concerned about yourself)

question

Sue is presented with a moral dilemma and responds that she would act in a certain way to please her parents. What is the moral reasoning stage reflected here?

answer

Conventional

question

What is the important base for moral reasoning in both women and men, according to relevant research?

answer

Concern and caring for justice

question

One of the most hotly debated criticisms of Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory is that this theory is based on a longitudinal study of only

answer

males

question

Research indicates that whether or not an individual cheats in school depends primarily on

answer

The situation (contextual)

question

What does research suggest regarding students who watch others behaving aggressively?

answer

See aggression, produce agression

question

What is the fundamental aspect of relational aggression?

answer

Ruins social relationships

question

What is Woolfolk's position on the issue of labeling exceptional students?

answer

positive and negative aspects- cautious

question

What is the major difference between a disibility and handicap?

answer

Disability is the inability to do something specific Handicap is strictly physical for a certain situation

question

According to Cattell and Horn, what are two types of intelligence?

answer

fluid and crystallized

question

A teacher who knows how to effectively use cooperative learning in his or her classroom is demonstrating what kind of intelligence?

answer

crystalized

question

Based on the underlying idea of Gardner's theory, what might one expect regarding minor brain damage to specific parts of the brain?

answer

Not affect the other part - student still capable

question

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes what three distinct types of intelligences?

answer

analytic, creative, practical

question

All children in Mr.Gray's math class can now solve subtraction problems, but Larry does them much more quickly and efficiently than the rest. What would Sternberg call this ability?

answer

Automaticity- automatically

question

What is an intelligence quotient?

answer

Score comparing mental anf chronological age

question

What does the deviation IQ score indicate?

answer

How a person compares to the rest of their age group

question

Compared to individual ability tests, what is a major limitation of group ability test?

answer

cant gather information of individuals

question

Approximately what percent of the general population scores over 100 on an IQ test?

answer

50%

question

What is the major advantage of using standardized intelligence tests?

answer

Allows you to compare an individual child with how the group performed

question

What do most psychologists today believe regarding the effects of heredity and environment on intelligence?

answer

equal/same

question

What type of learning style best characterizes a person who is motivated to learn by external rewards and the desire to be viewed in a good light by others?

answer

surface level processing

question

What is FAPE?

answer

Free Appropriate Public Education

question

What is an implication of the regular education initiative?

answer

Regular teachers will need to take more responsibility for teaching kids with disabilities who are being mainstreamed into regular classes. Regular teacher will need to be more knowledgeable about teaching these students.

question

What is Inclusion, as it relates to special education?

answer

exceptional students will participate in the typical subject matter lessons in regular classrooms; integrated with all students in classrooms. Inclusion does not require students with exceptional abilities to participate in every activity in the daily routine of the school.

question

What is an IEP?

answer

Each IEP is unique specific educational goals for that student. Career goals are not usually a part of an IEP, and a statement of needed transitional goals is relevant only for students 16 years old

question

What is the largest category of students with disabilities?

answer

Almost 50 percent are diagnosed with a learning disability

question

Bill, age 16, is bright and articulate. His classmates watch him with great interest because he "will try almost anything." Unfortunately, his reading level is very low, probably no higher than fourth-grade level, and he does not succeed in most courses. What might this description of Bill lead one to think about regarding his abilities?

answer

Because Bill is bright and popular, mental retardation and emotional disturbance would be ruled out. His reading difficulty also rules out being a student who is gifted. Moreover, Bill's problem with reading suggests that he is a student with a specific learning disability.

question

Tammy received her fourth F in her math class. She accepted the grade and believes that there is nothing she can do to improve her scores. What does Tammy appear to be experiencing?

answer

Learned helplessnes

question

Charlene's school records indicate that she has been diagnosed with a learning disability. Mr. Fredericksen, her teacher for the new school year, will want to learn more about Charlene. However, his first reaction, based on the literature, is that Charlene will probably have problems with what?

answer

A student with a learning disability, such as Charlene, is most likely to have reading problems

question

Peter has had problems in the past maintaining appropriate behavior in his science class. Mrs. Brady, a ninth-grade science teacher, observes Peter during a laboratory experiment in her class. Peter is very calm and composed since he began taking his medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. What is a problem with using drug therapy in treating this disorder?

answer

The problem with using drug therapy is that, although behavior improves, learning may not. Motivation training programs can be useful in filling this void if combined with instruction in learning and memory strategies. There is no evidence presented in Peter's scenario to indicate that neither his behavior nor his participation in learning activities has improved, nor is there evidence of developing a chemical dependency for his medication.

question

In treating hyperactivity, what type of medication seems to work best?

answer

Ironically, stimulants (e.g., Ritalin) Drug therapy= short-term remedy that deals with symptoms rather than with the causes of the condition.

question

What type of intervention appears to be the most successful in helping students with attention deficits?

answer

Behavior management strategies

question

What condition does Attention Deficit Disorder refer to?

answer

affects a person's ability to focus on tasks and/or be patient

question

Students often complain about Debbie. Debbie is always speaking very loudly even when circumstances do not call for such behavior. What type of problem is she demonstrating?

answer

Would be described as having a voicing problem. Other indications of this type of problem are inappropriate pitch or quality of voice

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