EKG Technician Study Guide – Flashcards
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Mediastenum
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The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in a space called_
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Base
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Located at the level of the second intercostal
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Apex
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Located at the level of the 5th intercostal and mid-clavicular line on the left
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Endocardium
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the innermost layer of the heart
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Myocardium
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the middle and contractile layer of the heart
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Heart Skeleton
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made up of four rings of thick connective tissue
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Pericardium
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the outermost layer of the heart
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Septum
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A structure in the middle of the heart
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Four chambers of the heart
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Left and Right Atrium and Left and Right Ventricle
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The right side
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pumps deoxygenated blood
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The left side
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pumps oxygenated blood
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Right atrium
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receives deoxygenated blood via the superior and inferior vena cava
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Right Ventricle
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receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium which pumps to the lungs
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Pulmonary arteries
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the ONLY arteries in the body to carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
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Left atrium
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received oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins
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Pulmonary veins
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only veins in body that carry oxygenated blood towards the heart
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Left ventricle
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receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body through the aorta
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Atrioventricular valves (AV)
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located between the atria and ventricles
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Tricuspid valve
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located between right atrium and right ventricle has 3 cusps
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Bicuspid Mitral valve
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located between the left atrium and left ventricle has 2 cusps
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Semilunar valves
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are half moon shaped
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Pulmonic valve
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located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
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Aortic valve
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located between the left ventricle and aorta
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Cardiac Cycle
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systole-contractions diastole-relaxation
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Heart sounds
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S1 (LUBB)-contraction and the closure of AV valves S2 (DUBB)-relaxation when the SL valves close
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Murmurs
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caused by diseases of the valves or other structural abnormalities
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Heart Rate
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Is the number of heart contractions per minute 60-100 BPM
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Heart as a Pump
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the blood volume ejected outside the hearts is equal to the blood volume returning back into the heart
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Cardiac Output
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the amount of blood ejected outside the heart per minute
