Educational Psychology chapter 8: Cognitive Views of Learning – Flashcards
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Cognitive view of learning
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A general approach that views learning as an active mental process of acquiring, remembering, and using knowledge.
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Cognitive science
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The interdisciplinary study of thinking, language, intelligence, knowledge creation, and the brain.
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Mirror systmes
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Areas of the brain that activate both during perception of an action by watching someone else do the action, and when performing the action themselves.
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Domain-specific knowledge
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Information that is useful in a particular situation or that applies mainly to one specific topic.
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General knowledge
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Information that is useful in many different kinds of tasks; information that applies to many situations.
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Information processing
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The human mind's activity of taking in, storing, and using information.
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Perception
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The process of detecting a stimulus and assigning meaning to it. Based on both physical representations from the world and our existing knowledge.
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Sensory Memory
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System that holds sensory information very briefly. Lasts less than 3 seconds. Capacity is very large.
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Bottom-up Processing
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Perceiving based on noticing separate defining features and assembling them into a recognizable pattern. Also called data-driven.
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Top-down processing
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Making sense of information by using context and what we already know about the situation; sometimes called conceptually driven perception.
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Gestalt
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German for pattern or whole. Gestalt theorists hold that people organize their perceptions into coherent wholes.
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Attention
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Focus on a stimulus. Involved in all three memory processes: Sensory Memory, Long-Term Memory, and Working Memory.
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Automaticity
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The ability to perform thoroughly learned tasks without much mental effort.
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Working memory
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the information that you are focusing on at a given moment.
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Sequential multitasking
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Switching back and forth from one task to another, but focus on only one at a time.
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Simultaneous multitasking
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There is overlapping focus on several tasks at a time. (talking on phone while driving)
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Short-term memory
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Component of memory system that holds information for about 20 seconds.
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at least four elements of working memory are:
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1. Central executive. 2. Phonological loop. 3. Visuospatial sketchpad. 4. Episodic buffer.
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Three types of knowledge
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Declarative (know what to do) Procedural (know how) Conditioning (know when and why to apply which type of knowledge)
