education 303
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correlational study
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a study that tells us whether two variables are associated, but does not tell us if one variable causes or influences the other
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social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning
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through observations of others
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descripitive method
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decribes
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correlational method
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shows relationship between variables
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experimental method
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cause and effect
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maturation
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gradual unfolding of genetically conrolled physical change
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sensory memory/registar---working memory (short term)--(rehearsal, encoding, and retrieval)---long term memory
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Learning
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megacogniton
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executive control processes
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sensory memory
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capacity-very large duration-1 to 3 seconds
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attention
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focuses on a stimulus
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preception
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process of detecting a stimulus and assinging meaning to it
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working memory
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capacity-5 to 9 seperate new items duration- 5 to 20 seconds must rehearse/chucking
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elaborative rehearsal
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short period of time connect information to something you already know
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Erik Erikson
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psychosocial theory- eight stages of development
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eight stages of development- foundational
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developmental crisis resulting in positive alternative or a potentially unhealthy alternative
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eight stages
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trust vs mistrust-infant autonomy vs shame and doubt-toddler initiative vs guilt- preschooler industry vs inferiority-elementary school identity vs role confusion- adolescence
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David Elkind
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imaginary audience, personal fable
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imaginary audience
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in any given social situation, everyone's attention is focused on you
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personal fable
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completely unlike anyone else(immortality)
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james marcia- idenitiy states
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idenitity forecloser, diffusion, idenity moratorium, identity achievement
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level 1-preconventional
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stage 1- puishment/avoidance, moral descion based on not getting caught and being puished. stage 2-personal reward orientation, moral decison weather i get something out of my behavior
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level 2-conventional morality
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stage 3- good girl/good boy, moral decision pleasing other who are important to us. Stage 4- law and order, moral decision breaking the law
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level 3-post conventional morality
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stage 5-social contract, maintain social order and protect human rights stage 6- universal ethnical principle, strong inner conscience, principles of human dignity and justice that indiviuals should uphold, no matter what the law or other people say
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ethic of care- Gilligan
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commitment to specific individuals and relationships, (highest level)responsiblity and care for all individuals
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teachers moral/prosocial behavior
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modeling, engage students in discussion of social and moral, involved in community service
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prosocial behavior
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promote the well-being of others, benefit others more then one-self sharing, fairness, respect for others
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perspective taking
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ability to take/ listen to anthers view point
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socialization
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the process of molding a child to fit in their culture
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social cognition
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a person's process of thinking about how other people are likely to think, act, and react.
