Educ 1301 FINAL – Flashcards
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What is a philosopher's primary mode of inquiry?
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Through reason and argument.
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A veteran teacher considers his thirty-year career and asks himself, "Has my career had a core purpose?" What kind of philosophical question is this?
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Metaphysical
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Two historians debate the merits of a recent historical analysis. One claims it is the definitive account of that period; the other argues that the historical period could be analyzed just as legitamately through several other perspectives. What kind of philosophical discussion are these historians having?
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Epistemoloigical
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When a long term heavy smoker was sixty-five, she was fitted for dentures. Months later, she was diagnosed with throat cancer. Her neighbor explained, "I dont want to have my denture fitting now. Getting dentures gave my neighbor throat cancer!" A background in one area of philosophy would have helped the neighbor come to a stronger conclusion. Which one would be of most help?
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Logic
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A young child asked his teacher, "how can love be real if you don't ever see it!" Which branch of philosophy has that child's question tapped into?
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Metaphysics
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The study of axiology provides one with an understanding of
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The values people hold concerning beauty and conduct.
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Mr. nguyen, an algebra teacher, emphasizes to his students the epistemological aspects of mathematics. Which of the following kinds of questions is he most likely to ask students?
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"Explain how you know that x=12"
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An art teacher is prompting his sculpture I students to identify the elements of beauty that exist in Michelangelo's David. This activity is focusing on developing students' comprehension of
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aesthetics
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Two kindergartners are fighting over a Power Ranger toy. Ms. hernandez tells the children gently, "Brain, you promised Ali would share that toy with her. Its not fair to Ali if you go back on your promise." Ms. hernandez is giving the children a simplelesson in which of the following?
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Ethics
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A student completing a project on bird identification knows that insect- eating birds have narrow, pointed bills. One day, her mother and she look out the window and see a bird they dont recongize with a narrow bill. The mother exclaims, "what an unusual bird. I've never seen a bird like that all through this snowy winter." The daughter replies, "you wouldnt. That bird must migrate to warmer climates during the winter." Which of the following is the girl using?
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Inductive reasoning
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A teacher education class is discussing the duties of a teacher and the principals that should guide a teacher's conduct with students. This class' discussion concerns which of the following?
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Ethics
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At Bowker High School, students take many required courses, including Latin, history, humanties, mathematics, and science. The students study those disciplines as a way of developing their intellect and discovering the universal truths of humankind. Bowker Highs philosophy od education is derived from
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Perennialism
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Which or the following best depicts the classroom of a progressive teacher?
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A group of students is working cooperatively on a student-initated project to discover how gears operate; the teacher acts as a facilitator for their experimentation.
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Which of the following best depicts a romanticist teachers classroom?
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A student, after checking in the school and local library, draws up a reading list and meets with the teacher to inform her of his course of study for the semester.
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A frustrated faculty member stated at a department meeting, "we have one female author in the curriculum! Shakespeare, sophocles, dickens, homer! When are we going to acknowledge that other people have contributed to the universe of knowledge? When are we going to provide a boarder framework for our students?" This teacher would be least supportive of which of the following educational philosophies?
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Perennialism
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The oak valley school board is conducting a very heated board meeting in which board members and residents are debating rhe educational goals of the school district. One parent, an essentialist, stands up and asserts that
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The school board will best serve the needs of the students and the community if it emphasizes the subject areas that will most help the students become functioning, productive members of society.
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Mrs. Boxleitner tells her students at the beginning of the year: "You need to find out who you are and what you are interested in. Each of you needs to discover these areas for yourselves. Don't look to me to provide you with answers." Mrs. Boxlietner represents which one of the following philosophies?
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Romanticism
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Which of the following would most closely represent a progressive's philosophy of education?
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Human nature is every changing; therefore, people must continually rediscover and redefine knowledge and its application.
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Mrs. Svensen, the school principal explained to parents that because human nature does not change, students can discover rich truths through studying biographies of significant people from history. What educational philosophy is Mrs. Svensen supporting?
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Perennialism
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Alma is meeting with her guidance counselor to select courses. She tells her counselor, "I know that course would be interesting, but will it help me get a job or help prepare me for college?" Alma is probably supportive of which of the following philosophies?
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Essentialism
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Which of the following statements best reflects romanticism?
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Students must follow their own interests.
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The social studies department at a high school noted that the students' achievement, by and large, was mediocre. One teacher told the others: "The students' achievement will probably always be mediocre if we continue to teach them without using interactive groups and activities. We need to examine our curriculum for possible revision." How would this teacher describe herself?
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As a progressivist
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In the recent past, U.S. policymakers, elected officials, and educational experts have warned that the United States is losing its competitive edge in the global economy. they have also warned the public that U.S. students lack skill in mathematics, science, and technology. These policymakers, officials, and educational experts are probably most aligned with:
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essentialism
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Which of the following might be found in a school following the romanticist philosophy?
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Individualized instruction
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During a one-on-one conversation, a student asks a trusted teacher what kind of knowledge is the most important for him to know. The teacher, a progressivist, would reply:
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"Whatever enables you to explore anything you choose to learn."
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Which two of the four educational philosophies were developed first in the American education system?
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Essentialist/perennialist
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Which two of the four educational philosophies are most teacher centered?
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Essentialism/perennialist
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Mr. Sharif thinks that there is a core body of knowledge that most students can master, that this core knowledge is important for student to become productive members of society, and that students can best learn this knowledge through a problem-solving approach to learning, motivated by their own curiosity. His philosophy of education is that a(n):
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eclectic
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Rebecca Landis is a teacher who ascribes to several different philosophies of education. She believes that children are naturally good and curious and learn best by discovery. She also believes that as a teacher she has the responsibility and authority to pass on to the net generation the wisdom of our ancestors. As a result of her eclecticism, what is likely to happen?`
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Rebecca will experience conflict as the result of choosing disparate elements of educational philosophies.
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John Dewey thought that ideas
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were instruments that enabled people to work together to solve problems.
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John Dewey, an educator of the 20th century, was most noted for his contributions to
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progressivism
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Which hypothetical teaching situation would John Dewey be most likely to support?
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Teaching geometry by explaining principles when the need arises as the students bulid a tree house.
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In the 20th century, psychological theory influenced education a great deal. Which of the following would be typical in a classroom where the teachers' practices were based on behaviorism.
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Close monitoring and direct feedback.
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Theories from cognitive psychology, developed in the 20th century, have influenced educational practices. which of the following would be emphasized in a classroom where the teacher based his/her practices on constructivist theory?
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a focus on the process of thinking
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Which of the following technologies is a constructivist teacher least likely to use?
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Have students use reference resources to find the answer
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What effect did the tenth amendment to the U.S. constitution have upon public education?
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Legal responsibilities for school governance was delegated to the states.
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Which of these bodies make law and is considered the most influential in setting up educational policy?
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State legislature
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The state of Illinois wants to establish a policy regarding its public education in the 21st century. Illinois wants to create a board-based policy outlining its priorities and establishing its goals for the states's students. Which agency would issue this policy?
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The state board of education
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Overseeing the administration of teacher licensure requirements, organizing programs of study, supervising elementary and secondary education program assessment, and applying school finance laws are all tasks of:
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the chief state school officer
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The agency that administers and distributes state and federal funds, certifies or licenses teachers, and accredits professional training programs is the
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state department of education
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Heidi fluger is interviewing for a teaching position in the Florham Park school system. According to school management and organization which of the following is the formal hiring authority?
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Local school board
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the typical holder of this position is white, male and college-educated, and has a managerial or professional job unrelated to the position. the positon is:
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local school board member
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Which of the following people is most representative of the typical school board member?
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John Baster, a white, 51 year old who has an M.B.A. and is an executive at a computer software company.
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Brian Bamberger spends part of his work time interviewing and promoting personnel. He ensures that there are adequate funds to run school facilities through his planning and administration of the budget, and he also is responsible for administering curriculum and instruction. What is Brain's occupation?
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District superintendent
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Susan Breiner has just completed interviewing two prospective faculty members, has sent in a large teaching supply order, has proofread the new school discipline policy written by a team of teachers, and has reviewed the school budget for the next academic year. Based upon those activities, what is Susan?
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School principal
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During recent presidential elections, 100s of thousands educators have been mobilized to support a particular party platform and the candidate endorsed by that party. Which organization has been instructmental in influencing the educators to support a particular candidate?
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National Education Association
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Mary Ellen Dupree, a teacher at Belleville High School, volunteers at the drama coach. The school musical selected this year, Little Shop of Horrors, has generated widespread student involvement; however, because of the tight school budget, Mary Ellen has not been able to get the necessary costumes or props for the show. Which of the following would be the most likely and able candidate to provide her with what she needs for the school play?
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Parent-teacher organization
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which of the following most typically describes the relationship between a superintendent of schools and the local school board?
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While the superintendent is the employee of the board, he or she also serves as the professionally trained consultant.
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Bill Hickey is an employee of the Middleburg school district, and John Morgan is associated with that district as well. At meeting, Bill frequently has to push to get new school programs approved or to hire particular personnel, whereas John frequently derails bill's proposals, looking to cut costs or to recommened his own candidate for employment. Which of the following most likely describes their positions?
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Bill is the superintendent of schools, and John is the chair of the school board.
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Which of the following most aptly characterizes the historical stance that business had has toward public education?
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Business was and still is interested in educational efficiency, standardization and productivity.
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Corporations have been increasingly involved in local school programs. Which of the following best characterizes the reason for this development?
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A corporation needs workers who are competent in basic skills program.
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School principals serve as instructional leasers in many ways. Which of the following is not an example of an instructional leadership role.
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managing the school budget.
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Which is an accurate statement of the proportion of contribution to a public school district from the federal, state, and local governments?
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The state and the local governments generally provide almost equal amounts to run the public schools, with the federal governments support a distant third.
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The percentage of a districts education budget that is contributed by federal, state, and local agencies varies from state to state. Which of the following represents a typical distribution of funding sources?
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Federal 7%, state 48%, local 43%L
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Local districts rely primarily on property taxes to fund schools. Which revenue is most commonly used by the state for support of education?
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Sales and income taxes.
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Wichita Falls is a small city containing several retail malls, several corporations, and numerous neighborhoods. Assuming that Wichita Falls is a typical school district, which of the following is its primary source of funds for the public education?
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Property Taxes
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In the Serrano vs. Priest and the Serrano II decisions, the supreme court of California determined that according to the laws of the state, the quality of a child's education must reflect the wealth of the
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state, based on the precisions of its constitution
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Countries that spend a higher percentage of their GPD on education than the United States are
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Iceland and Denmark
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All of the following have been documented as advantages of privatization except
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academic improvement
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Compensatory education was designed to overcome learning deficiencies in students who
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are from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background.
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Critics have charged that compensatory education programs are ineffective because students served by the programs
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have not shown improved IQ and achievement scores.
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Compensatory education is primarily aimed at
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economically disadvantaged students
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Title I was designed to provide federal funds to divisions for
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education of students from low-income families and supplement services to low-achieving students.
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A major reason that it is difficult to implement educational reforms and achieve the desired effects is
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American education is a giant institution with standard operating procedures that set certain expectations
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Which of the following is not listed as a key element of true school reform as defined by Ryan and Cooper?
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School choice
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The "call to excellence" movement places high expectations on both students and teachers. The focus of this movement is to
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set high standards and earn self-esteem by achieving them
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In a constructivist approach to learning, learns
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actively make their own meaning from new knowledge
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Mildred teaches a 5th grade class in which she applies a constructivist approach to learning. What would Mildred's classroom probably look like?
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Students work on projects in small groups or independently. There are a lot of hands-on activities.
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authentic assessment grew out of a concern that
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the emphasis on standardized test scores caused a narrow application from site to site and evaluator to evaluator.
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Smaller schools are often a recommened component of school reform because they
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allow for a greater sense of community within the school.
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Reformers criticize large schools and fault them with being partly responsible for the decline in academic achievement because they
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create a aura of impersonality in which students feel lost, disengaged and unmotivated.
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Ryan and cooper contend that the Tools for learning, a set of academic learning skills, ought to be a major component of school reform because these skills
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can train students thinking so as to make them more efficient learners.
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Character educators would like to redefine a "good" student as being one who
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has a good sense of right and wrong
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Joshua is a high school history teacher who believes that his role as a teacher extends to teaching his 9th grade students certain core values, such as honestly, justice, kindness, and respect. Which of the following would most likely be found in Joshua's classroom?
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a discussion of the responsibilities of the United States toward Europe in the early 1940s
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Although much debate revolves around whether schools teach values- and if so, which values- character educators maintain that students
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are constantly and unavoidably learning values from their teachers, so it would be beneficial to formalize this instruction in the curriculum.
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one approach to character education is service learning, in which students participate in a service activity. The goal of service learning is
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to give students the opportunity to practice the core values that they have been taught.
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A nation at Risk was published in 1983 and declared that due to the quality of education being offered, the United States was
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losing its economic and military competitiveness in the world market.
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When exisiting large schools are broken into "houses" which of the following happen?
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b and c only
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A number of national curriculum reform efforts have come from
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national associations representing specific academic areas
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State reform efforts, focusing on the call to excellence, share a number of common elements, which include
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more time in school, increased graduation requirements, and higher standards and salaries.
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Many state reform efforts have tried to improve the quality of instruction in the schools. A frequently heard proposal calls for a career ladder in teaching that would
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recognize expert teachers with rewards, while allowing them to remain in the classroom.
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One residual effect of the state reform effort has been
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a loss of local authority and autonomy as more mandates come from the federal level and more funding for reform comes from the state.
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The limited involvement of teachers in state reform efforts would indicate that most of the reforms have been
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top-down
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Many believe that the movement for statewide standards testing has resulted in all of the following except
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federal policymakers taking over control of underperforming schools.
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Any successful reform of education will require
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the active participation of the teachers involved.
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what is a possible explanation for the disappointing findings of the relationship between smaller class sizes and level of achievement?
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when class sizes are reduced on any large scale, it creates a shortage of teachers, and more inexperienced, emergency, and first-time teachers are hired.
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State reforms efforts directed at increasing teacher expectations included all of the following except
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requiring teachers to hold a masters degree
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advocates of school choice believe that
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choice will lead to greater creativity and improved instruction as schools compete to keep students
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Characteristics of charter schools include
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public schools operating under site-based management procedures.
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Supporters of voucher systems contend that vouchers
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allow parents the widest array of choices in schooling for their children.
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A recent college graduate targets a particular district for his job search because he knows a number of teachers are retiring and student enrollment is increasing. What other information should he look at that could impact whether or not he is hired?
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The strength of the local school budget and the local company.
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the increase in teaching positions expected over the next ten years is due in part to
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increasing student enrollments
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Chantal has just started college and is interested in pursuing a career in teaching. Her advisior tells her that she shouldn't have any trouble getting a job when she graduates. Why does her adivisor think this?
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nearly half of the nation's teachers are expected to retire in this decade.
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Minority teachers serve as positive role models for both minority and white students because
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minority students develop self-esteem and white students break sterotyping and racism
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The shortage of minority teachers in problematic beacuse
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many minority students have no positive minority role models
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Which of the following has contributed to the decline the number of minority teachers?
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wider recriuitment of minorities in other professions and the increased use of competency testing for teachers
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Which of the following is not a suggested strategy for bringing more minorities into teaching?
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creating minority magnet schools
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LaMar, an African American, is majoring in English at a state college. He took an education course and really enjoyed the experience and so is thinking about a ateaching career after college. What are LaMar's chances of getting a teaching job when he graduates
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Excellent. Minority teachers are needed in every subject area and geographical location
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After 10 years of working in journalism, ellen decided to persue a teaching career. She received her teaching license through the alternative licensing program and is currently seeking a teaching position. She has a degree in English and would like to teach middle school English in a rural school district. Which of the following will work most in her favor as she searches for a job?
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her willingness to teach in a rural community
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It is helpful to verify published reports on teacher supply and demand with your own research on local conditions because
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projections are based on information that changes unpredictictably
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Recent graduates Nancy White and David Tepper were both hired by the same school district in 1994. After 10 years of teaching, Nancy's salary is considerably more than David's. Which of the following most likely explains this salary difference?
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Nancy has earned a masters degree in her field.
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Most public school teachers salaries are still based on level of education and
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years of teaching experience
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One of the common errors in searching for a teaching position is
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a passive attitude and lack of follow-through
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Ryan and Cooper suggest that an effective way of preparing for a job interview is to
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role-play the interview with a friend to practice your skill in answering questions.
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All of the following may be components of traditional teacher licensure except
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demonstration of competence through student test scores
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According to the text, alternative licensure programs vary widely from state to state and are designed to meet the various conditions under which traditional teacher education will not or cannot suffice. Which of the following is the least likely to be rationale for a state's alternative teaching route?
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The need for teaching licenses by adults making a career change
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Alternate teaching licensure programs indicate a belief by some legislators that
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subject-matter knowledge is sufficient to teach
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Mark is a sophomore in college and has decided to become a biology teacher. What could he do now to enhance his marketability for a teaching position in 2 years?
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Take additional chemistry courses so that he can become licensed in both biology and chemistry
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Experienced teachers who want to change occupations will find that their skills transfer well into such settings as
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all of these
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Consuela is a senior in college and is interested in a career in school administration. What should she be advised to do in order to achieve her goal?
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pursue a teaching career for a couple of years and then move into administration
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which of the following accurately describes the characteristics of many teachers who seek alternative licensure?
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lower academic qualifications, older, more likely to teach in the inner city
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many non-teaching jobs in education such as staff developer, curriculum coordinator, or guidance counselor, usually require
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teaching experience and an advanced degree
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Portfolios are being used more often to inform potential employers of a candidates skills and preparation. Some candidates are using electronic portfolios Which of the following is not an advantage of an electronic portfolio?
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it's permanent
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during Patty miller's first week of teaching, she finds it odd to walk past the cafeteria and into the faculty lunchroom. even more peculiar is having students call her "Mrs. Miller". What is Patty likely experiencing?
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Culture shock
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In one day, principal Toni Rodano explained that statewide curricular changes to a group of teachers, fielded an angry phone call from a parent about a teacher, and publicly recognized two teachers for their outstanding work directing the school play. Which of the following best describes her roles on this particular day?
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initiator, buffer, reward dispenser
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Mr. gulick usually represents the school to the local press. he also orders institutional supplies for the school, facilitates student-teacher disagreements, observes and evaluates teachers, and meets directly with parents at times. Based upon this description, what is Mr. guick?
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principal
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In what way does the principal act as a liaison between the larger school organization and the faculty? He or she
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guides teachers toward achieving district-wide goals
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Because of the complexity of the principal's role, a teacher may lack the principal's support in certain instances. which of the following describes the most likely instance in which a teacher would lack administrative support?
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the teacher does not want to complete the routine paperwork demanded by the office because it takes time away from instruction
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Seeing that Marc was having a difficulty making classroom transitions between activities , Clarie, his supervisor, provided him with several practical suggestions. This is an example of which way that a supervisor might help a new teacher?
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observing and providing constructive feedback
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Which of the following are typical ways a supervisor can help a beginning teacher?
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all of the above
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According to the text, what is the most useful attitude for beginning teachers to have toward their colleagues?
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Be cautiously optimistic. Although poor teacher exist, dedicated teachers abound.
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Darla Desiderio is somewhat apprehensive about surviving her first year of teaching, and she would appreciate having a mentor. According to the text, which approach would be the wisest for Darla?
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have Darla observe teachers in their day-to-day work to see who would be the most receptive to being a mentor and who would have the most to offer her.
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It is your first year of teaching. A few days before classes start, a very friendly teacher stops by to welcome you to the school. By the end of the second week of school, she stops by your room regularly, frequently giving you information about other faculty and the administration. What would be the best approach for dealing with this teacher?
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Be polite but reserve your friendship until you know her and the school system.
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In a school, who can provide a new teacher with the resources they need to do for their job effectively as well as access to the schools informal communication network?
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school secretaries and custodians
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during a year-end meeting, the principal asked Mark Steinberg how he would assess his performance as a teacher over the past year. What would be the strongest answer for Mark?
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"I've just finished reviewing my students cumulative folders. Generally, their problem-solving abilities have increased."
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Many beginning teachers are concerned that they will lack subject-mater knowledge. In reality, though, most beginning teachers have the most difficulty with which of the following?
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Maintaining classroom discipline
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Consider the following summary of beginning teacher Rocco Mandala's class. While his class was working on projects, one student asked a question that puzzled Rocco. two studetns quietly doodled. Then one activity ran long, forcing Rocco to change his lesson plan in the middle of the period. As a beginning teacher, what should Rocco do?
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Confront students who are not on task and reinforce for them his expectations
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According to research, which of the following comments typifies the attitude of a beginning teacher?
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"I am surprise at how demanding and difficult these students are. they're more difficult than the students I had in student teaching."
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What is the typical attitude of teacher education students toward children?
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they think of them as essentially good students filled with curiosity and willingness to learn.
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Becky Osuchowski is a first-year math teacher at Bernards High. One Monday morning, a student drapes his arms around her shoulder as class starts and asks, "So, Mrs. Osuchowsk, go to any clubs this weekend like you said you wanted to?" the student's comment indicates Becky is having difficulty with which of the following areas?
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Establishing social distance her students
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Why is establishing an appropriate social distance from studetns difficult for so many new teachers?
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Many want to be liked by students, so they become overly friendly.
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Heidi Pfluger, a first-year history teacher, is quite popular with students. One day after school, a student named julien asked her to come to his party as a special guest. what is the best way for her to handle this situation?
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She must decline, yet do so in a way that will not hurt julien's feelings.
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Bob Federbusch is a beginning teacher. He's aware that he may feel attracted to one of his students,yet he thinks he will be able to handle this situation. Which of the following previous experiences will be most helpful to him as he establishes an appropriate relationship with his students?
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Working as an assistant coach for the YWCA swim team
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During Kaye's first day of teaching, she assinged locker numbers and all books, passed out "mystery bags" and asked students to write a story based upon the objects inside, collected phone numbers of her students' parents, and assigned homework. According to Jim and Kevin's suggestions for the first day of school, what made Kaye's day successful?
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She taught an interesting lesson and collected parents' phone numbers
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which of the following is usually at the heart of problems have in communicating with teachers?
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The parent thinks the child has significantly more or less talent than the teacher recognizes.
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According to the authors, which one of the following teachers is most closely following the author's practical teaching tips for surviving the first year of teaching?
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Randy has phoned each of his students parents to introduce himself, and he exercises regularly.
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According to the authors, which is the best description of a teaching journals use?
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It would serve to remind the teacher of how much she has progressed in her filed throughout the year.
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Which of the following must be included for an occupation to be considered a profession?
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Extensive special training required, using one's intellectual ability
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IF someone wanted to discount the claim that teaching is a profession, which of the following statements could he or she use?
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the teachers power is limited
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some of public teachers harshest critics state that teachers do not fool the public even if they fool themselves. teaching is not a profession, and it will not be until teachers
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can govern their own, including weeding out incompetent teachers
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the recommendations made in the text for ensuring the place of teaching among the professions are
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more self-governance, better training, and better policing of teachers
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By saying that teaching is in the process of becoming a profession, ryan and cooper want to emphasize
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the significant changes that teaching has experiences over the years
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one drawback to teaching at the imitative maintenance level of professionalism
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it doesn't promote individualized responses to the unique needs and special circumstances of students
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The teachers at the meditative level of professionalism
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is reflective about his own teaching practice within his own classroom
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The classrooms of teachers at the generative creative level of professionalism are characterized by
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a variety of instructional practices and problem centers
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the NBPTS is developing board certification assessments procedure for teachers in order to
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raise the standards in teaching and recognize teachers who meet them
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the NBTPS designation will be earned by a teacher after
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undergoing an extensive assessment procedure, including analysis of student work, videotaping of teaching segments, and submitting a portfolio.
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Melanie is applying for board certification from the NBTPS. what will se probably have to do?
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she will have to send in videotapes of her classroom teaching
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critics of the NBTPS argue that
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teaching has no recognized common knowledge base on which to ground assessments.
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a teacher who is selected to serve as a mentor may receive any of the following except
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automatic recertification in her state
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the need for continuous education seems to be even greater for teachers in today's schools due to
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the growth of new knowledge and the demand for new skills
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which of the following would not be considered a way for an elementary school teacher to continue a way for an elementary school teacher to continue to grow professionally?
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take many trips to other countries
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the NEA initially resisted
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collective bargaining for teachers salary negotiations
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the AFT is known as more aggressive than the NEA because it
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instituted collective bargaining for teachers salaries
