EDPS: CH13 – Flashcards
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Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of:
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latency
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Some children assume a parental role and try to take care of everyone else in the family. This is called:
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parentification.
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According to Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority, children:
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attempt to master many skills.
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In 2010, dominant ideas about challenges and coping in children were that strengths vary by culture and national values. Both universal ethics and local variations must be recognized and _____.
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psychosocial maturation
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Ten-year-old Roberto was assigned to write an essay in which he was to describe himself and how others view him. Roberto's assignment is asking him to describe his:
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self-concept
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Barry is a 9-year-old African-American who lives in a community rife with social stress and racial prejudice. Barry's involvement in a(n) _____ will be his best means of support
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Church
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What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development?
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industry versus inferiority
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Which of the following accurately describes the three aspects that make up resilience?
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Resilience is dynamic, a positive adaptation to stress, and must be significant.
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Between ages 6 and 11, children show psychosocial maturation by their ability to do all of the following EXCEPT:
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demonstrate abstract reasoning.
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Nine-year-old Jonathan struggles with reading and has a slight stuttering problem. Some of his classmates are critical and make fun of his stuttering. This has caused Jonathan to feel embarrassed and to refuse to read aloud in class. He tells his parents that he cannot read and will not try. According to Erikson if Jonathan does not solve his psychosocial conflict of stage four, he will view himself as:
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inferior.
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Daily hassles:
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can have a cumulative effect on children.
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Ten-year-old Demarcus takes out the garbage when the can is full and places the garbage cans by the curb every Sunday for trash pick-up on Monday. He also completes his homework before dinner with very few reminders from his parents. Demarcus is demonstrating _____.
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psychosocial maturation
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The term family _____ is used to describe the way in which a family works to meet the needs of its members.
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function
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People who are rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior are referred to as:
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aggressive-rejected.
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The _____ model examines crucial questions about the effect of risk factors (poverty, divorce, job loss) on the family.
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family-stress
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The term for the particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society is:
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child culture.
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Nations that subsidize single parents (e.g., Austria and Iceland) have:
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smaller achievement gaps between low- and middle-SES children on the TIMSS than other nations.
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As friendships change in middle childhood, children are most likely to:
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demand more of their friends.
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Research indicates that chronic poverty or sudden loss of income in families leads to tension among adults, which makes them _____ toward their children.
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hostile
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The two factors that interfere with family function in every structure, ethnic group, and nation are:
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low income and high conflict.
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Joshua is a kind and cooperative student at school. According to the text, he is probably a(n) _____ person at school due to these positive traits.
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popular
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School-age children thrive if the family:
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nurtures peer relationships.
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Family income can have a positive or negative effect on the function and structure of the family, but what is important is:
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whether or not the income increases stress on the family.
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The crucial factor in determining what stage of moral reasoning a person is at is the reasons for his or her answers to questions about a moral dilemma, according to _____.
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Kohlberg
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____ operational cognition, which gives children the ability to observe and use logic, propels them to think about morality.
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Concrete
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_____ has been criticized for not taking cultural or gender differences into account in the development of his views moral reasoning.
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kohlberg
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Research shows that children develop their own morality guided by peers, parents, and _____.
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culture
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Priscilla, like most of us, would like to obtain rewards and avoid punishments. Kohlberg would consider this to be the goal of _____ moral reasoning.
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preconventional
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Most _____ lack the emotion of empathy.
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bullies
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According to Kohlberg, intellectual maturation advances _____ thinking.
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moral
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_____ operational cognition gives children the ability to observe and use logic, and propels them to think about morality.
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concrete
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Justin takes towels from his hotel rooms when on vacation and feels it's okay, but not okay to go over the speed limit when driving. Kohlberg would place Justin's moral reasoning at the _____ contract stage because he thinks that it is morally okay to break the law in some circumstances.
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social
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According to Kohlberg, the crucial factor in determining what stage of moral reasoning a person is at is:
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the reasons for his or her answers to questions about a moral dilemma.
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Looking at moral issues, Piaget found that children between the ages 8 and 10 moved from _____ to restitution.
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retribution
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All of the following influence a middle-school child's sense of morality EXCEPT:
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genetic predisposition toward moral reasoning.
