Earth Science T1 – Flashcards
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Hypothesis
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testable, plausible explanation for a scientific question
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Scientific Method
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series of steps that scientists use to investigate a question
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Control
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Factor that must remain the same in an experiment so it does not affect the outcome
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Independent Variable
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factor in an experiment that never changes
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Theory
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scientific explanation that is supported by many observations
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dependent variable
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factor measured as the outcome of an experiment
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Model
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useful representation of a real system that is simpler than reality
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Variable
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a factor in an experiment that can change/be manipulated
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Energy
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only thing that can enter of leave in a closed system
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What does the scientific method usually begin with?
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What can happen if a hypothesis is tested and supported repeatedly?
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it can become a theory
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Conceptual Model
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general idea about how something works
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What does the scientific method typically end with?
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a conclusion
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Mathematical model
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set of equations that represent a real-world process
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T/F: Earth Science deals with Earth's lands, oceans, and atmosphere
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True
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T/F: most earth scientists specialize in studying one aspect of the planet
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True
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T/F: Cosmologists forecast major storms to save lives and property
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False
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T/F: Meteorologists collect data using technologies such as radar and satellites
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False
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T/F: All the branches of Earth science are connected
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True
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Geology
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study of earths solid materials
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Climatology
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study of the whole atmosphere taking a long range view
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study of weather and weather patterns
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meteorology
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astronomy
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study of celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
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paleontology
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study of fossils
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oceanographer
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study of ocean tides and currents
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marine biologist
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study of all living organisms in the ocean
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A beaker of water is heated over a laboratory burner, this is an example of what kind of system?
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an open system
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Why is Earth not entirely a closed system?
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new matter forms on the surface of earth
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A canyon thar is formed when rocky ground is eroded by a river is an example of...?
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the hydrosphere interacting with the geosphere
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A hurricane is an example of..?
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all four spheres interacting with eachother
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what does the atmosphere block?
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harmful radiation from the sun
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an island is an example of what kind of system?
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an open system
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Biosphere
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plants
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Atmosphere
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Air
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Geosphere
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continents/rocks
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hydrosphere
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lakes
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Cosmology
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study of the properties, structures, and evolution of the universe
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Big Bang Theory
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proposes that the universe started as a single mass, which subsequently exploded
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Red Giant
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a large, cool star, of high luminosity
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Light Year
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unit of measurement that measures astronomical distance (300,000 km/s)
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Hertzsprung-Russel- Diagram
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Diagram of stars that directly compares the luminosity and temperature of stars
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White Dwarf
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Red Giants that lose their atmosphere and leave faint, Earth-sized stars
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Nebula
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great cloud of interstellar dust that will eventually lead to the formation of a star
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Dark Matter
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hypothesis that states that in surrounding galaxies there is a huge amount of matter that is invisible
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Constellations
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Groupings of stars based on astronomers view from earth
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Apparent magnitude
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how bright the star or celestial body appears to an observer on earth
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Edwin Hubble
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scientist who used the idea of red shift to prove the Big Bang Theory
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Absolute Magnitude
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the brightness of a celestial object as it would be seen at a standard distance of 10 parsecs away from earth
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Luminosity
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the total amount of energy emitted by a star, galaxy, or celestial body
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What is Red Shift?
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spectrum will have specific bands where elements in the star absorb light of certain energies. The arrangement of these dark absorption lines, can determine if the star is moving away from the earth.
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CMB
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radiation that fills the universe and can be detected in every direction
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What is the most common unit to express stellar distance?
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light-years
