DNA Webquest: A self guided introduction to basic genetics – Flashcards
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Every living thing needs a set of instructions that are necessary to live and grow. Where are these instructions found?
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DNA
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What does DNA encode?
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protein
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DNA is an abbreviation for
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called
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double helix
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We have 26 letters in our alphabet. How many letters does DNA have?
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4
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What do the letters of the DNA alphabet stand for?
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a = adenine c = cytosine g = guanine t = thymine
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A special protein in your blood captures and carries oxygen. This protein is called
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hemoglobin
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What happens if the instructions to make this protein are mutated(changed)?
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sickle cell anemia
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What protein makes up your hair and nails?
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keratin
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How long would the DNA from a human cell be if you stretched it out?
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2m
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DNA is packages and coiled up into structures called
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histones
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How many chromosomes does a human have? We get __ chromosomes from each parent
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46, 23
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Do all living things have as many chromosomes as people?
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No, depends on their need and species
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_________________ are responsible for picking up a pain signal and delivering it to the next cell, all the way to the brain
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nerve networks
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Which type of protein is like bricks that can be stacked up like columns, giving the nerve cell its shape?
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structural proteins
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The blueprint(or set of instructions) to make a protein is called a _____. Genes are long strands of
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RNA, DNA
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When a cell needs to make the protein, special parts within the nucleus read the DNA and use that information to produce messages in the form of
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mRNA
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RNA moves from the __________ to the ____________________________ of the cell. Once there, the cell's protein makers called ______________, read the message and produces a protein that matches the instructions laid out by the gene.
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transcription, RNA polymerse, ribosomes
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By looking at the above diagram, what can you conclude about the relationship between A, C, T and G?
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A-T C-G
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DNA molecules contain information for building specific ________________
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proteins
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In a 3D view, a DNA molecule looks like a spiral staircase; correctly called a
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double helix
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The constant parts of the helix are the ______________ and _______________, forming the backbone of the ladder
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phosphates, sugars
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It is said that the bases of DNA, which form the rungs of the ladder are ______________________, which means they can be joined together, following specific rules
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complementary
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The rules say that adenine will form a cross bridge bond with _____________ and cytosine will bond with _______________
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thymine, guanine
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The process of making another copy of DNA is called
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replication
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Each strand acts as a ________________ to make the other half
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template
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The fact that DNA replicates before cell division ensures that each new cell has a complete set of
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genes
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The information of DNA is actually in the form of a code, where the sequence of _____________ ultimately tells the cell what protein to make
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bases
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When the four bases are combined in different three letter sequences, different ___________________________ of the protein are called for
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amino acids
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During a process called ________________, the message of DNA is copied onto a different molecule called mRNA
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transcription
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RNA has a base called ____________, that behaves like thymine
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uracil
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Like thymine, it will form ___________________________________ with adenine in DNA
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hydrogen bonds
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The ribosome then reads the message, three letters at a time through a process called
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translation
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The three letter words of the message are called ____________ are matched with their counterparts, called anti-codons
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codons
