Disease Detectives: Basic Epidemiology Terms – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Classical Epidemiology
answer
Population oriented, studies community origins of health problems related to nutrition, enviroment, human behavior, and the psychological, social, and spiritual state of a population.
question
Clinical Epidemiology
answer
Studies patients in health care settings in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and the prognosis for patients already affected by a disease. This can be divided into Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology
question
Infectious Disease Epidemiology
answer
heavily dependent on laboratory support
question
Chronic Disease Epidemiology
answer
dependent on complex sampling and statistical methods
question
Cluster
answer
an aggregation of cases over a particular period closely grouped in time and space, regardless of whether the number is more than the expected number
question
Outbreak
answer
localized epidemic, more cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area or among a specialized group of people over a particular period of time
question
Pandemic
answer
an epidemic occurring over a very wide area (several countries or continents) and usually affecting a large proportion of the population
question
Public Health Surveillance
answer
the systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data to gain knowledge of the pattern of disease occurrence in order to control and prevent disease in the community
question
Plague
answer
a serious, potentially life-threatening disease that is usually transmitted to humans by the bites of rodent fleas; has 3 forms: bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic
question
vector
answer
an animal/insect that transmits disease
question
Hill's Criteria for Causation
answer
nine criteria that must be met to establish a cause-and-effect relationship
question
2x2 Table
answer
table that has 2 columns/2rows for people with or without exposure and with or without disease
question
EPI curve
answer
histogram that shows the course of an outbreak by plotting the # of cases of a condition according to the time of onset
question
Chain of Infection
answer
agent leaves reservoir through portal of exit, and is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters the appropriate portal of entry to infect a suscetible host
question
acute
answer
lasting less than 14 days
question
prevalence
answer
# of existing cases in a time period
question
biological uptake
answer
transfer of substances from enviroment to biota
question
population
answer
# of people sharing certain characteristics
question
plume
answer
volume of substance moving away from source
