Developmental Psychology: Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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A 2004 study of 2−4 year olds from low-income families living in New York City found that even when income fell children were still overweight. This suggests that ____________was the cause, not genes.
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Eating habits
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According to the text, what is the most common disease of young children in developed nations?
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Tooth decay
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When a young child insists that his or her potatoes be placed on a certain part of the dinner plate, he or she is exhibiting:
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the just right phenomenon
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What area is said to be the "executive" of the brain?
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prefrontal cortex
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What does the developmental term "perseveration" refer to?
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the tendency to stick to one thought or action
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the tendency to stick to one thought or action
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perseveration
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The ___________ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.
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hypothalamus
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An example of a gross motor skill is: A. painting a picture. B. buttoning a sweater. C. pumping a swing. D. eating a cookie.
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pumping a swing
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Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the development of ______________.
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motor skills
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Fine motor skills mature about ________ months earlier in girls than in boys.
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6
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The most common cause of death in childhood is:
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accidents
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Which of these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control? A. Accidents are random events. B. Appropriate controls can minimize harm. C. Injuries result from careless parenting or accident-prone children. D. Fate determines the frequency and consequences of accidents.
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appropriate controls can minimize harm
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Why do experts prefer the term "injury control" to the term "accident prevention"?
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accidents can be prevented, but it is more useful to minimize injury
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A 2004 study of 2- to 4-year-olds from low-income families living in New York City found many children were:
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overweight
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When does a child's appetite decrease in childhood?
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ages 2-6
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Sweetened cereals and drinks are a poor substitute for a balanced diet because:
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nutrients haven't been identified
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By age 6 the brain weighs ________ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.
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90
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Another term for lateralization is:
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sidedness
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Which of the following is controlled by the left half of the brain?
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logical reasoning
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An example of a fine motor skill is: A. pouring juice into a glass. B. kicking a ball. C. pumping a swing. D. riding a bicycle.
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pouring juice into a glass
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Which type of learning depends on fine motor skills?
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traditional academic
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A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to: A. remove the child from the home. B. jail the perpetrator. C. have social workers make a home visit. D. decrease financial instability.
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decrease financial instability `
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Deliberate action that is harmful to a child's physical, emotional, or sexual well-being is the definition of:
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child abuse
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A typical 6-year-old: A. weighs between 40 and 50 pounds. B. is at least 3½ feet tall. C. looks lean, not chubby. D. All of these answers are correct.
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D.
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In the United States, which ethnicity has the highest childhood obesity rate?
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Latino
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The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in DEVELOPED countries is insufficient:
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iron, zinc and calcium
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The process by which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron is:
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myelination
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An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is responsible for __________ in young children.
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impulsiveness
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The part of the limbic system that produces hormones is the:
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hypothalamus
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At what age does the typical child catch a ball?
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6
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T/F: Fine motor skill are harder to master than gross motor skills.
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True
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Which type of learning depends on fine motor skills? A. social B. psychosocial C. traditional academic D. artistic
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C
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In the United States, most foster children are from ______________ income families.
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low
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Failure to meet a child's basic physical, educational, or emotional needs is the definition of:
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child neglect
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By age 6, the average child in a developed nation weighs between _______ pounds and is at least ______ inches tall.
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40-50; 42
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Which of the following most directly contributes to improved motor coordination in early childhood? A. maturation of the prefrontal cortex B. myelination of the corpus callosum C. decreased hemispheric lateralization D. enhanced perseveration
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B
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Which of the following is controlled by the right half of the brain? A. emotional and creative impulses B. logical reasoning C. basics of language D. detailed analysis
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A
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Which of the following is crucial for the expression and regulation of emotions? A. limbic system B. prefrontal cortex C. corpus callosum D. thalamus
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A
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At what age is the typical child able to skip and gallop in rhythm?
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5
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Fine motor skills require two ________ and thus ________ sides of the ____.
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hands; two; brain
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A call to poison control is an example of ___________ prevention.
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tertiary
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The hazards of the rigidity the "just-right" phenomenon DO NOT include: A. obsessive-compulsive behavior in adults. B. less than ideal nutrition. C. worry for the parents. D. a need for patience for the parents.
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A
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The effects of myelination are notable in early childhood partly because the areas of the brain that show greatest early myelination are the ______ and _____ areas.
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motor; sensory
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Most people: A. are exclusively right-brained. B. are exclusively left-brained. C. use both sides of the brain for all cognitive functions. D. have a relatively unmyelinated corpus callosum.
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C
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Brain maturation, motivation, and guided practice make __________ skills possible.
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gross motor
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One reason that children enjoy artistic expression during the play years is that they: A. prefer colors more than shapes. B. are not yet very self-critical. C. confuse drawings of lollipops with those of balloons. D. draw people as tadpoles.
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B
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With regard to social skills, maltreated children are: A. less aggressive. B. more friendly. C. more isolated. D. more trusting of others.
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C
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Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention of child maltreatment? A. decreasing family isolation B. home visits by a social worker C. removing an abused child from the home D. preventing teen pregnancy
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C
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A child's insistence on routine typically peaks at around age:
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3
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One of the benefits of the maturation of the prefrontal cortex that occurs from the ages of 2 to 6 is:
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more regular sleep
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The brain structure that helps the child remember that the elevator ride was either scary or fun is the:
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hippocampus
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Which environmental hazard has become popular to avoid and resulted in manufacturers removing it from their products?
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BPA
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Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of ___________ prevention.
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secondary
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We recognize today that child abuse or maltreatment is: A. usually perpetrated by the child's parents. B. accidental or intentional. C. rare and sudden. D. most often the work of mentally ill strangers.
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A
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When many ethnic groups live together in a nation with abundant food and adequate medical care, children of ________ descent tend to be tallest.
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African
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The specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain is:
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lateralization
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Which of the following statements about left-handedness is TRUE? A. There is no bias evident for right-handedness in language. B. Left-handedness is considered a developmental abnormality. C. Although a genetic preference, left-handedness can be modified by experience. D. Left-handedness is favored over right-handedness in ALL societies.
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C
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Developmentalists advise against switching a child's handedness, not only because it causes conflict but also because it interferes with _______________. A. the corpus callosum. B. mental combinations. C. lateralization. D. cognitive processing.
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C
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According to sociocultural theory, children learn gross motor skills best from: A. peers. B. parents. C. teachers. D. television.
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A
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A goal of permanency planning in cases of substantiated child maltreatment is to: A. keep the biological family intact. B. find a long-term living situation. C. provide abusive parents a fair opportunity to reform. D. clear the backlog of cases pending before family-law courts.
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B
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Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention of child maltreatment? A. decreasing family isolation B. home visits by a social worker C. removing an abused child from the home D. preventing teen pregnancy
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B
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"Substantiated maltreatment" refers to: A. reported and verified cases. B. false reports. C. victims younger than 5 years old. D. substantial injuries.
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A
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The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height): A. is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span. B. is generally high at age 6. C. peaks at age 3. D. peaks at age 5.
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A
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Exposure to high levels of lead does not cause A. reduced motor skills. B. reduced intelligence. C. behavior problems. D. mental retardation.
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A
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A form of foster care in which a relative of a maltreated child becomes his or her foster parent is:
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kinship care
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By about age _____ the rigidity fades a bit.
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6
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All forms of artistic expression blossom during ____________. A. middle childhood B. adolescence C. toddlerhood D. early childhood
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D
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Worldwide, nearly _____% of deaths result from injuries. A. 20 B. 30 C. 14 D. 10
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C
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When do children begin to "slim-down"? A. 2 years old B. 4 years old C. 1 year old D. between age 5−6
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D
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At what age does the typical child catch a ball? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
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D
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Which type of learning depends on fine motor skills? A. social B. psychosocial C. traditional academic D. artistic
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C
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In a survey, one-fourth of young adults reported: A. having been slapped, hit, or kicked by an adult caregiver before third grade. B. having been slapped, hit, or kicked by an adult caregiver before sixth grade. C. having been sexually abused. D. having been emotionally abused.
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B
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When does a child's appetite decrease in childhood? A. between ages 3−4 B. between ages 1−2 C. between ages 2−6 D. between ages 5-9.
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C
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The ____________ is the central processor of memory, especially of memory for locations. A. prefrontal cortex B. hippocampus C. hypothalamus D. amygdala
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B
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The level of prevention aimed to reduce harm when a child has already been abused is: A. tertiary. B. secondary. C. primary. D. unilateral.
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A
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Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of ___________ prevention. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. unitary
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B
