Question 1

A 2004 study of 2â4 year olds from low-income families living in New York City found that even when income fell children were still overweight. This suggests that ____________was the cause, not genes.

Accepted Answer

Eating habits

Question 2

According to the text, what is the most common disease of young children in developed nations?

Accepted Answer

Tooth decay

Question 3

When a young child insists that his or her potatoes be placed on a certain part of the dinner plate, he or she is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

the just right phenomenon

Question 4

What area is said to be the \"executive\" of the brain?

Accepted Answer

prefrontal cortex

Question 5

What does the developmental term \"perseveration\" refer to?

Accepted Answer

the tendency to stick to one thought or action

Question 6

the tendency to stick to one thought or action

Accepted Answer

perseveration

Question 7

The ___________ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.

Accepted Answer

hypothalamus

Question 8

An example of a gross motor skill is: A. painting a picture. B. buttoning a sweater. C. pumping a swing. D. eating a cookie.

Accepted Answer

pumping a swing

Question 9

Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the development of ______________.

Accepted Answer

motor skills

Question 10

Fine motor skills mature about ________ months earlier in girls than in boys.

Accepted Answer

6

Question 11

The most common cause of death in childhood is:

Accepted Answer

accidents

Question 12

Which of these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control? A. Accidents are random events. B. Appropriate controls can minimize harm. C. Injuries result from careless parenting or accident-prone children. D. Fate determines the frequency and consequences of accidents.

Accepted Answer

appropriate controls can minimize harm

Question 13

Why do experts prefer the term \"injury control\" to the term \"accident prevention\"?

Accepted Answer

accidents can be prevented, but it is more useful to minimize injury

Question 14

A 2004 study of 2- to 4-year-olds from low-income families living in New York City found many children were:

Accepted Answer

overweight

Question 15

When does a child\'s appetite decrease in childhood?

Accepted Answer

ages 2-6

Question 16

Sweetened cereals and drinks are a poor substitute for a balanced diet because:

Accepted Answer

nutrients haven\'t been identified

Question 17

By age 6 the brain weighs ________ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

90

Question 18

Another term for lateralization is:

Accepted Answer

sidedness

Question 19

Which of the following is controlled by the left half of the brain?

Accepted Answer

logical reasoning

Question 20

An example of a fine motor skill is: A. pouring juice into a glass. B. kicking a ball. C. pumping a swing. D. riding a bicycle.

Accepted Answer

pouring juice into a glass

Question 21

Which type of learning depends on fine motor skills?

Accepted Answer

traditional academic

Question 22

A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to: A. remove the child from the home. B. jail the perpetrator. C. have social workers make a home visit. D. decrease financial instability.

Accepted Answer

decrease financial instability `

Question 23

Deliberate action that is harmful to a child\'s physical, emotional, or sexual well-being is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

child abuse

Question 24

A typical 6-year-old: A. weighs between 40 and 50 pounds. B. is at least 3Â½ feet tall. C. looks lean, not chubby. D. All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

D.

Question 25

In the United States, which ethnicity has the highest childhood obesity rate?

Accepted Answer

Latino

Question 26

The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in DEVELOPED countries is insufficient:

Accepted Answer

iron, zinc and calcium

Question 27

The process by which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron is:

Accepted Answer

myelination

Question 28

An undeveloped prefrontal cortex is responsible for __________ in young children.

Accepted Answer

impulsiveness

Question 29

The part of the limbic system that produces hormones is the:

Accepted Answer

hypothalamus

Question 30

At what age does the typical child catch a ball?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 31

T/F: Fine motor skill are harder to master than gross motor skills.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 32

Which type of learning depends on fine motor skills? A. social B. psychosocial C. traditional academic D. artistic

Accepted Answer

C

Question 33

In the United States, most foster children are from ______________ income families.

Accepted Answer

low

Question 34

Failure to meet a child\'s basic physical, educational, or emotional needs is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

child neglect

Question 35

By age 6, the average child in a developed nation weighs between _______ pounds and is at least ______ inches tall.

Accepted Answer

40-50; 42

Question 36

Which of the following most directly contributes to improved motor coordination in early childhood? A. maturation of the prefrontal cortex B. myelination of the corpus callosum C. decreased hemispheric lateralization D. enhanced perseveration

Accepted Answer

B

Question 37

Which of the following is controlled by the right half of the brain? A. emotional and creative impulses B. logical reasoning C. basics of language D. detailed analysis

Accepted Answer

A

Question 38

Which of the following is crucial for the expression and regulation of emotions? A. limbic system B. prefrontal cortex C. corpus callosum D. thalamus

Accepted Answer

A

Question 39

At what age is the typical child able to skip and gallop in rhythm?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 40

Fine motor skills require two ________ and thus ________ sides of the ____.

Accepted Answer

hands; two; brain

Question 41

A call to poison control is an example of ___________ prevention.

Accepted Answer

tertiary

Question 42

The hazards of the rigidity the \"just-right\" phenomenon DO NOT include: A. obsessive-compulsive behavior in adults. B. less than ideal nutrition. C. worry for the parents. D. a need for patience for the parents.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 43

The effects of myelination are notable in early childhood partly because the areas of the brain that show greatest early myelination are the ______ and _____ areas.

Accepted Answer

motor; sensory

Question 44

Most people: A. are exclusively right-brained. B. are exclusively left-brained. C. use both sides of the brain for all cognitive functions. D. have a relatively unmyelinated corpus callosum.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 45

Brain maturation, motivation, and guided practice make __________ skills possible.

Accepted Answer

gross motor

Question 46

One reason that children enjoy artistic expression during the play years is that they: A. prefer colors more than shapes. B. are not yet very self-critical. C. confuse drawings of lollipops with those of balloons. D. draw people as tadpoles.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 47

With regard to social skills, maltreated children are: A. less aggressive. B. more friendly. C. more isolated. D. more trusting of others.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention of child maltreatment? A. decreasing family isolation B. home visits by a social worker C. removing an abused child from the home D. preventing teen pregnancy

Accepted Answer

C

Question 49

A child\'s insistence on routine typically peaks at around age:

Accepted Answer

3

Question 50

One of the benefits of the maturation of the prefrontal cortex that occurs from the ages of 2 to 6 is:

Accepted Answer

more regular sleep

Question 51

The brain structure that helps the child remember that the elevator ride was either scary or fun is the:

Accepted Answer

hippocampus

Question 52

Which environmental hazard has become popular to avoid and resulted in manufacturers removing it from their products?

Accepted Answer

BPA

Question 53

Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of ___________ prevention.

Accepted Answer

secondary

Question 54

We recognize today that child abuse or maltreatment is: A. usually perpetrated by the child\'s parents. B. accidental or intentional. C. rare and sudden. D. most often the work of mentally ill strangers.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 55

When many ethnic groups live together in a nation with abundant food and adequate medical care, children of ________ descent tend to be tallest.

Accepted Answer

African

Question 56

The specialization in certain functions by each side of the brain is:

Accepted Answer

lateralization

Question 57

Which of the following statements about left-handedness is TRUE? A. There is no bias evident for right-handedness in language. B. Left-handedness is considered a developmental abnormality. C. Although a genetic preference, left-handedness can be modified by experience. D. Left-handedness is favored over right-handedness in ALL societies.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 58

Developmentalists advise against switching a child\'s handedness, not only because it causes conflict but also because it interferes with _______________.   A. the corpus callosum. B. mental combinations. C. lateralization. D. cognitive processing.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 59

According to sociocultural theory, children learn gross motor skills best from:   A. peers. B. parents. C. teachers. D. television.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 60

A goal of permanency planning in cases of substantiated child maltreatment is to:   A. keep the biological family intact. B. find a long-term living situation. C. provide abusive parents a fair opportunity to reform. D. clear the backlog of cases pending before family-law courts.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 61

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention of child maltreatment?   A. decreasing family isolation B. home visits by a social worker C. removing an abused child from the home D. preventing teen pregnancy

Accepted Answer

B

Question 62

\"Substantiated maltreatment\" refers to:   A. reported and verified cases. B. false reports. C. victims younger than 5 years old. D. substantial injuries.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 63

The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):   A. is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span. B. is generally high at age 6. C. peaks at age 3. D. peaks at age 5.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 64

Exposure to high levels of lead does not cause   A. reduced motor skills. B. reduced intelligence. C. behavior problems. D. mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

A

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