question

Which of the following is NOT one of the issues on which scientists have focused in formulating theories of intelligence?

answer

Does intelligence decrease throughout the lifespan as brain cells age?

question

The factor analytic approach to intelligence

answer

attempts to determine whether there are distinct factors that make up intelligence.

question

According to Spearman, intelligence is composed of

answer

a general underlying factor (g) plus a number of specific factors (s).

question

Following Spearman's work from the factor analytic perspective, recent researchers have

answer

confirmed the existence of a general cognitive ability because different cognitive tests are in fact correlated with one another.

question

Information-processing approaches to intelligence emphasize

answer

cognitive processing skills, such as memory and problem solving.

question

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence expresses the importance of

answer

information-processing skills, experience, and context

question

Your cousin finds balancing his checkbook easy and knows how to solve complex mathematical problems while working at a bank. This is an example of Sternberg's component of

answer

context.

question

According to Sternberg, successful intelligence requires which three abilities?

answer

Analytical, creative, and practical abilities

question

Tacit knowledge

answer

is implicit knowledge shared by many people.

question

Tacit knowledge has been found by Sternberg (2001) to predict

answer

salaries and job performance of workers.

question

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

answer

refers to separate, diverse types of intelligence in humans

question

Gardner proposes that

answer

bodily-kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal, and interpersonal abilities are just as important to human functioning as linguistic and spatial abilities.

question

According to Gardner

answer

each type of intelligence has is own developmental path guided by its own forms of perception, learning, and memory

question

Gardner and Sternberg

answer

have collaborated on a program which teaches tacit knowledge needed to succeed in school.

question

Intelligence tests typically measure

answer

specific knowledge and skills.

question

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is an index of

answer

a person's performance relative to other people's performance who are the same age

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary purposes of intelligence testing?

answer

Predicting income and success.

question

Culture-fair tests are intelligence tests that

answer

attempt to minimize biased content based on experience or cultural background.

question

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development are useful at

answer

identifying infants with developmental delays.

question

Recent assessments of infants designed to predict educational risk focus on

answer

indexes of attention and encoding of information.

question

The series of studies by Fagan and colleagues support the view that intelligence scores in childhood can best be predicted from

answer

visual attention behaviors in infancy.

question

Which of the following statements is correct?

answer

Infant intelligence tests are useful in identifying neuromotor abnormalities.

question

The first intelligence test was designed by Binet and Simon to

answer

identify children who were unable to learn in a traditional classroom setting.

question

Binet and Simon believed that

answer

mental functions involving judgment, comprehension, and reasoning are what should be measured on intelligence tests.

question

After being administered the Stanford-Binet Test, the psychometrician told you that your child's mental age scored higher than his chronological age. Your child's IQ is

answer

above 100.

question

The concept of "mental age"

answer

is based on the number of correct test items achieved relative to a specific age group.

question

The performance items on the Wechsler Intelligence scales

answer

are less likely to be influenced by formal education than other items on the scales.

question

Large discrepancies between verbal and performance scales (verbal lower than performance) on a Wechsler IQ test suggests

answer

a specific learning problem.

question

Deviation IQ is defined by how much

answer

a person's score on an intelligence test deviates from the average score for other people their age.

question

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children was the first test to focus largely on

answer

information-processing skills.

question

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children involves

answer

sequential and simultaneous processing.

question

In administering which of the following intelligence tests are the examiners instructed to teach children who fail early items how to complete them before proceeding further?

answer

C. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

question

A child's performance on an intelligence test is described in terms of her position relative to the performance of

answer

other children her age.

question

Administering a test to groups of people having similar characteristics (such as age) in order to develop scoring patterns is called

answer

a test norm.

question

When determining the norm of a test, one would

answer

administer the test to groups having the same characteristics of those who are to be tested.

question

If the Stanford-Binet were administered to members of a rural tribe in Zimbabwe,

answer

the results should be interpreted with extreme caution because the test norms may be invalid for this group.

question

As a psychometrician, you are concerned that you administer the test using the same procedures each time. You are concerned with

answer

standardization.

question

A test that measures what it claims to measure is considered

answer

valid.

question

While developing an intelligence test for children, you compare the children's score on the intelligence test with the criterion of their school grades. You are making sure the test is

answer

valid.

question

The psychometrician at your school is administering a new IQ test and finds that students' scores on the test vary considerably across testing sessions. The new IQ test is not

answer

reliable.

question

Tests like the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales that focus on products of intelligence and current performance have demonstrated that IQ ___________, whereas tests that focus on the cognitive processes underlying intelligence demonstrate that IQ ____________.

answer

fluctuates over time; is stable over time

question

Studies like the Berkeley Guidance Study and the Fels Longitudinal Study, which assessed infant IQ with measures of sensorimotor skills, found that infant IQ scores are

answer

not related to childhood IQ scores.

question

An infant's ability to recognize a totally novel stimulus and direct his attention to it is called

answer

recovery.

question

Bornstein and Tamus (1986) found that attentional processes in infancy were related to

answer

mother's responsiveness.

question

The Flynn effect is a trend demonstrating that

answer

the average IQ in developed nations such as the United States has increased about 15 points from 1932 to 1978.

question

Arthur Jensen (1969) suggested that

answer

the differences between African Americans and European Americans in IQ can mainly be attributed to genetic factors.

question

Most estimates of the heritability of intelligence for middle-class white Americans are approximately

answer

B. 50% inherited vs. 50% environmental.

question

Comparing intelligence scores across cultures

answer

is a complex process subject to misinterpretation and cultural bias.

question

The problem with assertions made by Arthur Jensen over 30 years ago is that

answer

he failed to consider socioeconomic factors that influence intelligence.

question

The effects of social class and ethnicity on intelligence

answer

are critical to our understanding of intelligence

question

In cultures where extremely adverse health or nutritional factors exist, the genetic contributions to intelligence will

answer

be less pronounced (expressed less within the population).

question

Many argue that it is inappropriate to use heritability estimates of intelligence obtained in one population

answer

to infer the heritability of intelligence in another population

question

Which of the following is NOT likely to overwhelm or minimize the genetic contribution to the intellectual functioning of an individual or group?

answer

mixed ancestry.

question

Over the last several decades, IQ differences between African Americans and European Americans

answer

have been declining.

question

Congenital factors are characteristics that

answer

occur during gestation or birth.

question

Of the following family characteristics, which is the LEAST likely to be associated with higher IQ scores in the children?

answer

Parents who are strict and demanding

question

Some African American children who succeed in school choose strategies to hide or camouflage their actual efforts to achieve academic success because

answer

they get negative feedback from peers who may express negative attitudes toward education.

question

Which of the following students demonstrates a mastery-oriented style of motivation?

answer

A child who tries harder despite failure at solving some problems

question

Annabel has a helpless style of achievement motivation. When she fails at a problem she is likely to attribute her failure to

answer

a lack of ability.

question

Mastery-oriented children tend to have __________ goals, while helpless children tend to have ___________ goals

answer

learning; performance

question

The incremental view of intelligence views intelligence as

answer

a body of skills and knowledge that can be increased with effort.

question

Children with incremental and entity views of intelligence differ in their performance on tasks after

answer

failure.

question

Which of the following has NOT been found to increase helpless responses and lower achievement motivation in children?

answer

Examiner's emphasis on learning goals.

question

Chen, Stevenson, and colleagues have found that Asian parents are more likely than European American parents to attribute children's academic performance to

answer

studying hard.

question

Socioeconomic status and ethnicity

answer

are often associated with one another, and the effects of each of these can be very difficult to disentangle in research.

question

If a test is said to be culturally biased, it would have questions

answer

that were developed by a cultural committee.

question

Stereotype threat

answer

may interfere with the performance of minority youth in intelligence tests.

question

If groups of African American and European American students were told that a test they were about to take was diagnostic of intelligence and another set of groups were told the test was not diagnostic of intelligence, which group would be likely to perform the poorest?

answer

The African American group who was told the test was diagnostic of intelligence

question

Mercer's use of an adaptive functioning measure in conjunction with standardized intelligence tests was important because it showed that

answer

many minority children who had been classified as mentally retarded could function in their environment and perform adaptive skills, such as household tasks and holding a job

question

Lesser and colleagues' (1965) research on patterns of cognitive skills found that the greatest differences between lower- and middle-class children were for

answer

Jews

question

Optimal testing situations, such as familiarizing the child with the environment and materials, giving them encouragement on specific tasks, and using material rewards, have been found to

answer

improve performance of economically deprived children more than middle-class children.

question

The concept of cumulative risk is used to describe the idea that as the number of

answer

environmental risk factors increase, children's performance on IQ tests decreases

question

The presence of several risk factors, such as poor maternal mental health, low maternal education, and high incidence of stressful events, is associated with low IQ for

answer

children in both high- and low-income families.

question

If you wanted the best intellectual outcome for a child being placed for adoption, based upon the results of Scarr and Weinberg (1976) you should

answer

place the child with the adoptive family as soon after birth as possible.

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which middle- and lower-class mothers differ in their interactions with their children? Middle-class mothers

answer

are more concerned with strict discipline.

question

Which one of the following has NOT been associated with Head Start participation?

answer

Higher IQ scores in adolescence

question

One of the differences that Stevenson, Chen, and colleagues found between American and Japanese families that could account for differences in academic performance between children in these countries is that compared to Japanese mothers, American mothers

answer

placed greater emphasis on the role of effort in academic performance.

question

The results from the Carolina Abecedarian Project suggest that intensive interventions that provide cognitive stimulation and parental education

answer

can prevent deterioration in intellectual skills that ordinarily occurs in economically deprived conditions.

question

As an extension of the Carolina Abecedarian Project, Ramey and colleagues randomly assigned some children and their families to a later-starting intervention program in early elementary school. They found that the children who participated only in these later-starting programs

answer

performed better than children who participated in only the preschool intervention program

question

One of the principles of successful intervention programs involves

answer

creating a support system that the child will need to maintain their academic progress

question

The most successful early intervention programs

answer

focus on improving the family support system and the child's educational needs

question

You have just learned that your child is gifted and that his IQ score is over

answer

130

question

Gifted children tend to

answer

be able to use their cognitive skills more efficiently than most people

question

Which of the following would NOT be an example of an educational enrichment program for gifted children?

answer

Advancing children to higher grades in school

question

Familial retardation includes intellectual deficits that derive from

answer

the conditions of early infancy or childhood

question

Familial retardation

answer

is usually less severe than organic retardation

question

Two children are mentally retarded, yet one is higher in adaptive skills. One would conclude that

answer

the child lacking adaptive skills is more likely to be labeled mentally retarded

question

Inclusion of children with special needs into mainstream classes

answer

is still debated as to its effectiveness.

question

Jose is always coming up with new solutions to a problem. As his teacher, you believe that he is

answer

creative.

question

Some psychologists believe that in order for an idea to be truly creative, it must

answer

be useful to some area of life.

question

One reason why there is a very low correlation between IQ and creativity is that

answer

intelligent people excel at convergent thinking, while creative people excel at divergent thinking.

question

In order to promote creativity in your children, you encourage them to engage in

answer

pretend play.

Developmental Psych Ch 10 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards