Dev Psych ch6 – Flashcards
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Stage _____ of sensorimotor intelligence occurs between eight and twelve months of age.
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four
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What occurs when infants change from sucking their mother's breast to sucking a pacifier?
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adaptation
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At what age would you expect an infant to search for a pacifier that his or her mother attempts to hide behind her back?
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8-10 months
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Stage _____ of sensorimotor intelligence occurs between twelve and eighteen months of age.
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five
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Piaget's first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence involve:
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primary circular reactions.
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A 9-month-old repeatedly reaches for his sister's doll even though he has been told "no" many times. This is an example of:
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pursuing a goal
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Piaget was a _____ theorist.
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cognitive
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Piaget believed that object permanence emerged at about _____ months.
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8
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At first, three-month-old Tammy was very interested in a rattle that was being shaken, but after about a minute she ignored the rattle and began to try to suck on her hand. Tammy has probably _____ to the rattle.
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habituated
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Izzie spends her waking hours sucking on her hand, looking around the room, and trying to grasp at her clothing. It is likely that Izzie is in stage _____ of sensorimotor development.
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one
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The difference between primary and secondary circular reactions is that:
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secondary circular reactions involve the infant responding to people and objects.
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Using mental combinations to anticipate and solve simple problems takes place in Piaget's sensorimotor stage _____.
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6
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Kerry's mother shows her a picture book. Kerry at first tries to grasp at the center of the book. When that does not allow her to grab the book, she grasps the corner with both hands and pulls the book toward her so she can put it in her mouth. Kerry has demonstrated _____.
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accomadation
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Secondary circular reaction is characterized by infants' new adaptation and _____.
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anticipation
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During the _____ stage of sensorimotor intelligence, toddlers will know that if they have objects in both hands that they must put down an object in order to pull open a screen door.
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sixth
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Information-processing theory compares human thinking to:
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computers
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Memory that is conscious and easy to retrieve on demand and usually involves words is referred to as _____ memory.
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explicit
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Natalia prefers looking at her spinning mobile to her stationary teddy bear because of _____ perception.
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dynamic
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Five-month-old Courtney is placed on Gibson and Walk's visual cliff. Studies have demonstrated that Courtney will notice the difference between a solid surface and an apparent cliff. However, one _____ of the cliff, falling, will only be understood when Courtney starts crawling.
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affordance
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The Gibsons stress that _____ is an active cognitive phenomenon.
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perception
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Many adults have _____. They forget experiences, people, and even languages they knew when they were young.
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infant amnesia
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When explaining cognitive development to his class, Dr. Cizek refers to memory as being stored in networks and compares memory to how computers analyze and store data and how this process changes from day to day in developing infants and toddlers. Dr. Cizek's explanation exemplifies the _____ perspective.
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information-processing
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One reason for infant amnesia is _____, which is why preverbal children have difficulty with recall.
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linguistic
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The Gibsons stress that perception is a(n) _____ cognitive phenomenon.
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active
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Four-month-old Carly is placed on Gibson and Walk's visual cliff. Studies have demonstrated that Carly will notice the difference between a solid surface and an apparent cliff. However, one affordance of the cliff, falling, will only be understood when Carly starts _____.
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crawling
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When a child is aware of _____ and change in an object or a person, this refers to dynamic perception.
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movement
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The Gibsons stress that _____ is an active cognitive phenomenon.
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perception
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According to B. F. Skinner, infant communication progresses because of:
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maternal reinforcement.
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Intonation occurs frequently in babbling and then again when infants use _____.
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holophrases
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A mental structure enabling infants to learn grammar, vocabulary, and intonation is called:
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a language acquisition device.
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All babies go through the same _____ of language development although timing may differ.
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sequence
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Children begin to use two-word combinations by:
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18-24 months
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According to _____, infant communication progresses because of maternal reinforcement.
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Skinner
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_____ is one of the earliest forms of communication, emerging at about 10 months.
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pointing
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The use of child-directed speech most closely supports:
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the behaviorist view of language.
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Zeke is 16-months-old. The word "blanket" is _____ likely to be in his vocabulary.
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not
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Six- to 15-month-old babies understand about _____ times as many words as they can say.
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ten
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Marcus is 9 months old. If he is a typical baby, his parents can expect him to be able to _____.
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babble
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Who proposed that infants are innately ready to use their minds to understand and speak whatever language is offered?
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Chomsky
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Sean calls his teddy bear his "bibi." This is an example of a(n) _____.
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holophrase
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Some aspects of language learning may be best explained by one theory at one age and other aspects by another theory at another age. This concept refers to the:
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hybrid
