Dermatology and Ectoparasite Information (by drz) – Flashcards
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What is the most common complaint seen in the veterinary practice?
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Disorders of the integument
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What can skin problems be indicators of?
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Internal Diseases (cancers, allergies, hormone imbalances)
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What are things that can cause integument disorders?
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- Bacteria - Fungi - Parasites - Allergies - Hormone Imbalances - Cancer
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How can skin disorders manifest?
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- Pruritis - Alopecia - Dematitis .....OR - A combo. of all 3
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When do you do a cutaneous cytology?
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-Suspected bacterial/yeast infection -Suspected otitis externa
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What 6 things can you find on a cutaneous cytology?
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1) Yeast 2) Bacteria 3) Inflammatory Cells 4) Neoplastic Cells 5) Eosinophils 6) Monocytes
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What is the most common yeast found on a cutaneous cytology?
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Malassezia spp.
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What is the most common shape/bacteria found on a cutaneous cytology
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Staphylococci
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What are the methods for cutaneous cytology collection?
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1) Swab 2) Scrape 3) Impression
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How do you sample something BELOW the skin?
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Fine Needle Aspirate
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How do you obtain SUPERFICIAL samples from hard to reach areas?
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Swab Technique
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What is the most common cytology for otitis externa?
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Ear Cytology
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What are the three bacterial agents that can be found in an ear cytology?
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1) Staphylococci spp. 2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3) Klebsiella pneumonia
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What is the most common bacterial agent found in an ear cytology?
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Staphylococci spp.
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What is the most common fungal agent found in an ear cytology?
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Malassezia pachydermatis
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What type of swab should be used when doing the swab technique?
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A STERILE ONE!
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What kind of swab needs to be used when the sample will be submitted for bacterial culture?
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A rayon-tipped applicator
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What should you do when swabbing a dry area to reduce the chances of cellular damage upon collection?
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Moisten the swab
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How do you transfer a swabbed sample to a slide?
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Roll it on gently
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If a lesion is flat, firm, and non-exfoliative, what is the best method of sample collection?
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Scrape Technique
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How do you transfer a skin scrape to the slide?
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Using a scalpel blade
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If a scab is present, and an imprinted sample is needed, what do you do?
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1) Remove Scab 2) Imprint area in which scab was removed 3) Imprint area underneath scab
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How do you dry cutaneous cytology samples?
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Via Air
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When do you do a culture sensitivity test?
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1) When the patient in non-responsive to initial treatments 2) Bacilli is found on the cytology
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How do you culture a pustule?
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Lance w/a 25G needle and take sample with culturette
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What is the most common name for dermatophytosis?
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Ringworm
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What does ringworm ONLY affect?
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The surfaces of the body
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How is ringworm spread?
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Via direct/indirect contact with infected hair/scales
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How long are ringworm spores active in the environment?
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18mos (1.5yrs)
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What animal most often gets ringworm?
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Cats
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Can cats be asymptomatic ringworm carriers?
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Yes!
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What do typical ringworm lesions look like?
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- Hairless - Circular - Pruritic - Flaky
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What areas form ringworm lesions first (usually)?
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The head and feet
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What is the most COMMON form of ringworm?
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Microsporum canis
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What is the LEAST common form of ringworm?
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Microsporum gypseum
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What is the form of ringworm that infects skin AND nails?
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes
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What test is used for DIRECT examination of a hair sample to determine ringworm?
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KOH Preparation Test
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What is a Woods Lamp Test ONLY diagnostic of
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Microsporum canis
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How do you collect/inoculate a DTM media?
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1) Brush area gently and press bristles into DTM media w/o damaging it 2) Skin scrape edge of lesions and sprinkle onto agar 3) Pluck hair from edge of lesion and place root 1st into the agar
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How do you store/handle a DTM test?
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1) Store with lid loose 2) Store in dark area 3) Store at room-temp 4) Store for 10 days (read QID)
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How should DTM fungal growth be mounted?
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Cellophane/Tease Mounted ----- Wet mounted / stained w/methylene blue
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What is a fungal contaminant that can change the color of the DTM agar?
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Alternaria spp.
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What is microscope ID important when doing a DTM for fungal growth?
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1 - To know what type of dermatophyte it is 2 - To make sure a DTM contaminant wasn't the reason for the DTM media color change
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Dermatitis means
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Skin Inflammation
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Alopecia means
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Hair Loss
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Erythema means
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Redness of the Skin
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Pustule means
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Pimple
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Caseous means
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Thick/chunky like
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Purulent means
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Pus Like
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What is a Pyoderma
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A bacterial infection of the skin
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What is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin associated with allergies
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Atopic Dermatitis
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What species usually get atopic dermatitis
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Dogs
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What are symptoms of atopic dermatitis
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Chewing, licking, rubbing, itching
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What are tests done for atopic dermatitis
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- Serology Allergy Testing - Intradermal Skin Testing
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What is a treatment for atopic dermatitis
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- Antihistamines - Limiting exposure to allergen - Steroid Therapy - Immunotherapy
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What is immunotherapy
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Giving a shot specifically formulated to combat an animals specific allergens
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What is a new growth of tissue caused by abnormal proliferation of cells
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A tumor
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What % of tumors involve the skin in cats & dogs
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1/3rd
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What is the best method in diagnosing tumors
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Biopsy and Histopathology
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What type of arachnids are ticks arachnids
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Hemophagous Arachnids
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Are ticks host specific
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No!
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What life cycle does a tick undergo?
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Simple metamorphosis egg -> larvae -> nymph -> adult
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What is the ONLY species of tick that can survive in a dry environment
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Rhipicephalus Sanguines (Brown Dog Tick)
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What tick is found in woodlands with dense undergrowth
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Amblyomma Americanum (Lone Star Tick)
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What tick is found in deciduous forests
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Ixodes Scapularis (Deer Tick)
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What tick is found in grassy fields with NO tree cover
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Dermacentor Variabilis (American Dog Tick)
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What tick can go 2 years without a meal
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American Dog Tick
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What tick completes a life cycle every two years
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Deer Tick
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What tick completes a life cycle every 3months
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Brown Dog Tick
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What type of metamorphosis do fleas undergo
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Complete Metamorphosis egg -> larvae -> pupa -> adult
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What is flea-allergy dermatitis caused by
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Fleas
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What are fleas the intermediate host for
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Dipilydium canum (tapeworm)
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What is the most common flea found in dogs and cats
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C. felis
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What tick infests birds and is common in stray cats exhibiting "stick tight"
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Hen Flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea)
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What is an infestation with lice called
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Pediculosis
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What is cheyletiellosis
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Sever dandruff / flaking/scaling of skin caused by infeststion of cheyletiella
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How do you diagnose ear mites
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Ear mite swab
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How do you diagnose walking dandruff
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Acetate Tape Test
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How do you diagnose lice
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Acetate Tape Test
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How do you diagnose mange (demodex and sarcoptes scabiei)
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Skin Scrape (deep)
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What is Myiasis
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Infestation of maggots
