CVS System: Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) – [HESI, Chapter 3]

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The visual representation of the electrical activity of the heart reflected by changes in the electrical potential at the skin surface.
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Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
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An electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) is a record of the hearts contractions and electrical events that precede them. T/F
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False. An electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) is NOT a record of the hearts contractions, but is the electrical events that precede them.
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An instrument that displays a visual representation of electrical variations of the heart a monitor.
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Oscilloscope
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The visual representation of an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) can be recorded as a tracing on a strip of ________________ ________________ or seen on a oscilloscope.
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Graph Paper
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What are 5 major complications that can interfere with normal heart functions?
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Rate/Rhythm Disturbances Conductivity Disorders Enlarged Heart Chambers Myocardial Infarction (MI) Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
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A patients electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) should contain what information?
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Patient Name Patient Identification Number Patient Age Patient Gender Patient Recordings: Date/Time/Location Patient Non-cardiac Medications (If Present) Patient Weight Patient Blood Pressure (BP) Patient Diagnosis/Clinical Status Patient Position During Recording (If Unusual) Patient Thoracic Deformities (If Present) Patient Repiratory Distress (If Present) Patient Muscle Tremors (If Present)
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The standard electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) is a _____________ lead ECG/EKG.
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12
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What is commonly seen in the clinical setting?
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Telemetry
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It uses 3 to 5 leads transmitted to an oscilloscope.
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Telemetry
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Graphic information is printed either on request or at any time the set parameters are transcended. T/F
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True
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No true P wave.
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A-Fib
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While wearing a Holter monitor the patient is instructed to keep a diary concerning what 3 things?
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Activity: Exercise/Sex/Valsalva Maneuver Medications: Times/Doses Chest Pain
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Electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG) consists of small squares representing ____________ seconds. _____________ of these small squares represent one large square.
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0.04/5
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Electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG) consists of large squares representing ____________ seconds. _____________ of these large squares represents 1 second.
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0.20/5
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What is the six second rule?
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A calculation to determine heart rate (HR). Count the number of RR intervals within six seconds, or 30 square blocks, of an electrocardiogram (ECG) and multiply by ten.
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What is the normal composition of an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG)?
What is the normal composition of an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG)?
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P Wave QRS Complex T Wave U Wave ST Segment PR Interval QT Interval RR Interval
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When can the 6 second rule NOT be used?
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When the patients heart rate (HR) is irregular.
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Represents atrial systole or depolarization of the atrial muscle.
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P wave
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The normal P wave should be _________________ without _________________ or _________________.
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Rounded/Peaking/Notching
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Represents ventricular systole, depolarization, or contraction of the ventricular muscles.
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QRS Complex
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Normally follows the P wave on an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG).
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QRS Complex
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The QRS complex is measured from the beginning of the QRS to the end of the QRS normally lasting less than _________________ second/s.
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0.12
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Represents ventricular diastole or repolarization of the ventricle muscle.
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T Wave
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It follows the QRS complex on an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG).
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T Wave
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The T wave is normally slightly _________________ without _________________ or __________________.
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Rounded/Peaking/Notching
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It is a critical time within the heart beat where the heart rests and regroups so that the next heart beat can occur.
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T Wave
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If defibrillation happens during the T wave what problem can occur?
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Dysrhythmia
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It represents early ventricular repolarization.
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ST Segment
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It is measured from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave.
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ST Segment
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It represents the time required for the electrical impulse to travel from the atrioventricular (AV Node) through the entire cardiac conduction system to the ventricles.
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PR Interval
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It is measured from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex.
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PR Interval
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The PR interval represents atrioventricular (AV) node function that is between ________________ and ________________ second/s.
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0.12/0.20
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It is not always present on an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG).
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U Wave
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The U wave is most prevalent or prominent in the presence of _______________________.
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Hypokalemia
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It represents the time required to completely depolarize and repolarize the ventricles.
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QT Interval
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It is measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave.
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QT Interval
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The normal QT interval is between ________________ and _______________ second/s and varies with gender, age, and heart rate (HR).
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0.36/0.44
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Reflects the regularity of the heart rhythm or ventricular rhythm.
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RR Interval
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It is measured from one QRS to the next QRS.
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RR Interval
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How does the nurse measure atrial rhythm?
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PP Interval
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What is the most important data a nurse can collect on a patient with arrhythmia?
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Current Rhythm
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If the patients electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a severe dysrhythmia, but is sitting quietly, what does the nurse do first?
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Check the patients leads to see if they are attached correctly.
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Chaotic activity of the AV node.
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A-Fib
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Cardioversion is used for these two heart disorders.
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A-Fib A-Flut
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Saw tooth waveform with regular ventricular rhythm.
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A-Flut
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Can use radio frequency catheter ablation.
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A-Flut
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Wide, bizarre QRS.
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V-Tach
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Can use synchronized cardioversion if pulse is present, if not than treat it like V-Fib.
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V-Tach
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It is a cardiac emergency.
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V-Fib
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Irregular undulations of various amplitude with no CO.
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V-Fib
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Is implanted using a wire threaded into the right ventricle via SVC or an epicardial wire is put in place.
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Temporary Pacemaker
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Implanted in the abdomen and shoulder and could be single or double chambered.
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Permanent Internal Pacemaker
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What should the client who has a pacemaker avoid?
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Car Engines Microwave: 5 Feet MRI
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Fixed firing rate.
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Asynchronous Pacemaker
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On demand firing rate that fires only when the HR falls below a setting on the generator.
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Synchronous Pacemaker
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Classes of Antidysrhythmics.
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Class I: ABC's Class 2: Olol's Class 3: Inotropics (Amiodarone HCl) Class 4: Verapamil HCl/Diltiazem Misc: Atropine, Digoxin, and Epinephrine. Vasopressors: Norepinephrine
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What drugs are contraindicated in clients with cardiac dysrhythmias?
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Bronchodilators
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What three dysrhythmia's are always problematic?
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Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (T-Tach) Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) Asystolye
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