CVS System: Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) – [HESI, Chapter 3]
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The visual representation of the electrical activity of the heart reflected by changes in the electrical potential at the skin surface.
answer
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
question
An electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) is a record of the hearts contractions and electrical events that precede them. T/F
answer
False. An electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) is NOT a record of the hearts contractions, but is the electrical events that precede them.
question
An instrument that displays a visual representation of electrical variations of the heart a monitor.
answer
Oscilloscope
question
The visual representation of an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) can be recorded as a tracing on a strip of ________________ ________________ or seen on a oscilloscope.
answer
Graph Paper
question
What are 5 major complications that can interfere with normal heart functions?
answer
Rate/Rhythm Disturbances Conductivity Disorders Enlarged Heart Chambers Myocardial Infarction (MI) Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
question
A patients electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) should contain what information?
answer
Patient Name Patient Identification Number Patient Age Patient Gender Patient Recordings: Date/Time/Location Patient Non-cardiac Medications (If Present) Patient Weight Patient Blood Pressure (BP) Patient Diagnosis/Clinical Status Patient Position During Recording (If Unusual) Patient Thoracic Deformities (If Present) Patient Repiratory Distress (If Present) Patient Muscle Tremors (If Present)
question
The standard electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) is a _____________ lead ECG/EKG.
answer
12
question
What is commonly seen in the clinical setting?
answer
Telemetry
question
It uses 3 to 5 leads transmitted to an oscilloscope.
answer
Telemetry
question
Graphic information is printed either on request or at any time the set parameters are transcended. T/F
answer
True
question
No true P wave.
answer
A-Fib
question
While wearing a Holter monitor the patient is instructed to keep a diary concerning what 3 things?
answer
Activity: Exercise/Sex/Valsalva Maneuver Medications: Times/Doses Chest Pain
question
Electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG) consists of small squares representing ____________ seconds. _____________ of these small squares represent one large square.
answer
0.04/5
question
Electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG) consists of large squares representing ____________ seconds. _____________ of these large squares represents 1 second.
answer
0.20/5
question
What is the six second rule?
answer
A calculation to determine heart rate (HR). Count the number of RR intervals within six seconds, or 30 square blocks, of an electrocardiogram (ECG) and multiply by ten.
question
What is the normal composition of an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG)?
answer
P Wave QRS Complex T Wave U Wave ST Segment PR Interval QT Interval RR Interval
question
When can the 6 second rule NOT be used?
answer
When the patients heart rate (HR) is irregular.
question
Represents atrial systole or depolarization of the atrial muscle.
answer
P wave
question
The normal P wave should be _________________ without _________________ or _________________.
answer
Rounded/Peaking/Notching
question
Represents ventricular systole, depolarization, or contraction of the ventricular muscles.
answer
QRS Complex
question
Normally follows the P wave on an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG).
answer
QRS Complex
question
The QRS complex is measured from the beginning of the QRS to the end of the QRS normally lasting less than _________________ second/s.
answer
0.12
question
Represents ventricular diastole or repolarization of the ventricle muscle.
answer
T Wave
question
It follows the QRS complex on an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG).
answer
T Wave
question
The T wave is normally slightly _________________ without _________________ or __________________.
answer
Rounded/Peaking/Notching
question
It is a critical time within the heart beat where the heart rests and regroups so that the next heart beat can occur.
answer
T Wave
question
If defibrillation happens during the T wave what problem can occur?
answer
Dysrhythmia
question
It represents early ventricular repolarization.
answer
ST Segment
question
It is measured from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave.
answer
ST Segment
question
It represents the time required for the electrical impulse to travel from the atrioventricular (AV Node) through the entire cardiac conduction system to the ventricles.
answer
PR Interval
question
It is measured from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex.
answer
PR Interval
question
The PR interval represents atrioventricular (AV) node function that is between ________________ and ________________ second/s.
answer
0.12/0.20
question
It is not always present on an electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG).
answer
U Wave
question
The U wave is most prevalent or prominent in the presence of _______________________.
answer
Hypokalemia
question
It represents the time required to completely depolarize and repolarize the ventricles.
answer
QT Interval
question
It is measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave.
answer
QT Interval
question
The normal QT interval is between ________________ and _______________ second/s and varies with gender, age, and heart rate (HR).
answer
0.36/0.44
question
Reflects the regularity of the heart rhythm or ventricular rhythm.
answer
RR Interval
question
It is measured from one QRS to the next QRS.
answer
RR Interval
question
How does the nurse measure atrial rhythm?
answer
PP Interval
question
What is the most important data a nurse can collect on a patient with arrhythmia?
answer
Current Rhythm
question
If the patients electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a severe dysrhythmia, but is sitting quietly, what does the nurse do first?
answer
Check the patients leads to see if they are attached correctly.
question
Chaotic activity of the AV node.
answer
A-Fib
question
Cardioversion is used for these two heart disorders.
answer
A-Fib A-Flut
question
Saw tooth waveform with regular ventricular rhythm.
answer
A-Flut
question
Can use radio frequency catheter ablation.
answer
A-Flut
question
Wide, bizarre QRS.
answer
V-Tach
question
Can use synchronized cardioversion if pulse is present, if not than treat it like V-Fib.
answer
V-Tach
question
It is a cardiac emergency.
answer
V-Fib
question
Irregular undulations of various amplitude with no CO.
answer
V-Fib
question
Is implanted using a wire threaded into the right ventricle via SVC or an epicardial wire is put in place.
answer
Temporary Pacemaker
question
Implanted in the abdomen and shoulder and could be single or double chambered.
answer
Permanent Internal Pacemaker
question
What should the client who has a pacemaker avoid?
answer
Car Engines Microwave: 5 Feet MRI
question
Fixed firing rate.
answer
Asynchronous Pacemaker
question
On demand firing rate that fires only when the HR falls below a setting on the generator.
answer
Synchronous Pacemaker
question
Classes of Antidysrhythmics.
answer
Class I: ABC's Class 2: Olol's Class 3: Inotropics (Amiodarone HCl) Class 4: Verapamil HCl/Diltiazem Misc: Atropine, Digoxin, and Epinephrine. Vasopressors: Norepinephrine
question
What drugs are contraindicated in clients with cardiac dysrhythmias?
answer
Bronchodilators
question
What three dysrhythmia's are always problematic?
answer
Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (T-Tach) Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) Asystolye
