Culture & Deviance, Social Control – Flashcards
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Culture
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is the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. It includes the ideas, values and artifacts of groups of people.
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Society
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a fair large number of people that live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area, and participate in a common culture.
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Diffusion
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refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society. (Hip pop culture-NYC)
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Material culture
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refers to the physical or technological aspects of out daily lives, including foods, houses, factories, and raw materials.
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Nonmaterial culture
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refers to ways of using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication.
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Culture lag
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refer to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions.
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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advocates or argues that language literary has the ability to shape ones perception of reality. (The color example)
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Norms
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are the established standards of behavior maintained by a society.
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Mores
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are norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most cherished principles of people.
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Folkways
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are norms governing everyday behavior.
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Values
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are these collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper- or bad, undesirable an improper by nature.
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Subcultures
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is a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differ from the patterns of the larger society.
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Counterculture
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a subculture conspicuously and deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture.
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Ethnocentrism
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refer to the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others.
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Cultural relativism
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viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture. It places a priority on understanding other culture, rather than dismissing them as "strange" or "exotic."
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Social control
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refers to the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society.
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Deviance
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is behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.
