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What is the central concern involved in every step of the speechmaking process?

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consider the audience

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Audience analysis should take place

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throughout the entire speechmaking process

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The key focus on the content of a speech is referred to as

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Speech topic

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Which of the following is NOT a standard question to consider when determining the speech topic?

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How many speakers will be presenting

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As a student in a speech class, you should know that one of the best predictors of how well you do in a speech is

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how much time you spend preparing your speech

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Which of the following words best describes a speech that is designed to inform?

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Define

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Television ads and sales presentations are both examples of speeches that are designed to

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Persuade

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The ? purpose is a concise statement of the desired audience response

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Specific

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One sentence summary of the speech content is called the

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Central Idea

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Clayton needs to divide his central idea into key points. Which of the following questions should help him do this?

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Does the central idea have logical divisions?

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What ancient Romans referred to this specific speech skill as an invention, today we would say we were:

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Generating main ideas

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Johann has organized his speech based on the four things his audience should do to get a better grade on the ACT. By doing this, he has identified the of his speech.

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Main Ideas

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n his speech, Louis is trying to persuade the local school district to place his Mexican food on the school lunch menu. He has warm tamales and burritos beside him on a table that he shares with his audience. Which aspect of selecting appropriate supporting material is he using?

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Appealing to the senses

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A chart, a poster, and an object are all examples of that can be used in a speech.

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Supporting material

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Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the use of supporting material?

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The supporting material you use should appeal to your listener's senses

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When preparing a speech, a speaker will use disposition in order to .

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Arrange ideas and illustrations

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The presents the main content of your speech.

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Body

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For Josh's outline, he needs to subdivide his supporting points even further. He should identify these by using .

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Arabic Numerals

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Which of the following is recommended by your authors when rehearsing your speech?

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Practice making eye contact

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Monique plans to keep her presentation simple and informal to match her audience's needs. Her choice is what makes up the of her speech.

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Style

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When it comes to delivering your speech, you should?

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Use some natural variation in your pitch when you speak

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Trisha is about to deliver her speech on the benefits of joining the military. Her speech was designed to be delivered to a mostly male audience, but she notices that the audience is composed of mostly females. In this case, Trisha should?

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Try to make last-minute changes in her message to adjust to the different mix of audience members

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A speaker should establish eye contact with the audience:

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and maintain it throughout the entire speech

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Why is the thought that "your audience writes your speech" a valid idea?

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Your topic, purpose, and main ideas should be based on a thorough understanding of your listeners

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The audience members were asked to complete a two-question survey as they came into the room. The speaker used the results of the survey to adjust her presentation. This survey provided the speaker with .

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Audience Analysis

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When Jennifer asked her roommate, "what should I talk about in my presentation?" She was trying to figure out the of her speech

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Topic

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Carolyn's specific purpose is "At the end of my speech, the audience will use the workout facility on campus." The purpose of her speech is to .

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Persuade

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The purpose is a concise statement of the desired audience response

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Specific

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When the professor asked each student to give him an idea of his or her speech "in a nutshell," he wanted to know the .

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Central Idea

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The main ideas of a speech could also be called the?

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Key Points

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When Zac located facts, examples, and quotes to use in his speech, he was

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Gathering supporting material

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The most effective visual aids are often

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the simplest

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The organization and arrangement of ideas and illustrations for a speech is called

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Disposition

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Most public speaking teachers recommend that you prepare your introduction and conclusion

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After you have organized your body

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What is the best way for Ivana to practice her upcoming speech?

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by standing up and saying it aloud

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The words you choose and your arrangement of those words make up the:

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Style

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According to the working memory theory of listening, people find it harder to listen when .

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Their capacity for listening has been reached

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Throughout her speech, Lottie inserted phrases such as "Now listen carefully," and "I'm only going to say this once.." These types of phrases are referred to as:

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Wake-up messages

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Good listeners focus on:

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the speaker's message

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During the Monday morning lecture, Linda was more concerned with what happened over the weekend than with what the professor had to say. Which barrier to effective listening is she dealing with?

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Personal concerns

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When Candice saw how sloppily the speaker was dressed, she immediately dismissed anything he was about to say. Her response is an example of:

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Prejudice

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While most people talk at a rate of 125 words a minute, people have the ability to listen at up to how many words a minute?

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1,200

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When you are a listener, you are open-minded and put your own thoughts aside when listening to others.

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Mindful

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What is the first step a listener should take when listening with empathy?

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give complete attention to the speaker

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When you are listening to , you are making a judgement about the content of the message

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Evaluate

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Janice is very comfortable listening to people express feelings and emotions. She would be considered a -oriented listener.

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Relational

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While listening to the speaker's presentation, Steven listened for the main ideas and then tried to mentally summarize what the speaker was saying into a phrase that might fit on a bumper sticker. What technique did Steven use to help him be an active listener?

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Rephrasing

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There are several ways to become an active listener. You can re-sort, rephrase, and key information while listening to a speech.

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Repeat

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is defined as the ability to make judgements about the conclusions presented in what you see, hear, and read

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Critical Thinking

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A conclusion that is based on partial information is known as:

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Inference

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When Trevor told his audience that water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit at sea level, he was using to support his topic

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a fact

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Facts, examples, opinion, and statistics are all examples of that a speaker can use to support a conclusion

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Evidence

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What is a formal system of rules used to reach a conclusion?

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Logic

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Rhetorical criticism evaluates the of a message:

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Effectiveness

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Words, images, and behaviors that create meaning are referred as:

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Symbols

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A good speaker should be aware of two fundamental goals. A speech should be effective, and it should be:

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Eithical

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Instead of telling Thomas that he should have spoken louder when pointing out the facts in his handouts, Jennifer mentioned to him that his handouts were helpful in making his point clear. Which aspect of feedback does this demonstrate?

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Be positive

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A listener who evaluates the effectiveness and appropriateness of the message as well as the delivery of a presentation to illuminate that message is known as a .

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Rhetorical critic

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When you are providing feedback to a speaker, it is best to use I-statements rather than you- statements. By doing this, you are being .

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Sensitive

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Which of the following is a good description of the working memory theory of listening?

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Information Overload

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Stephanie felt like some members of her audience were drifting off and thinking about other things. She decided to try getting their attention by saying "Now you should listen carefully.." What was Stephanie using to combat this situation?

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A wake-up message

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Morgan decided that no matter what the speaker had to say, it would have little value to her because she has no interest in politics. Morgan is demonstrating which listening barrier?

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Prejudice

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Studies show that most people talk at a rate of about words per minute and have the ability to listen at a rate of about words per minute.

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125, 700-1200

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Some experts believe that up to 93% of the emotional content of a message is conveyed .

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through nonverbal cues

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When you listen for , you should just enjoy what you hear

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Pleasure

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Typically, empathic listening most often occurs:

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In a one-on-one situation

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Students in a classroom typically listen for:

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Information

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A - oriented listener will make a good judge or lawyer because he or she enjoys listening to debates and hearing arguments for and against ideas:

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analytical

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Justing felt like the speaking was rambling, so he thought to himself about what happened first, second, and so on, during the speech so far. He was being an active listener by the information.

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Resorting

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In a classic study on listening strategies by Ralph Nichols, poor listeners indicated that they tended to listen for:

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Facts

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Nigel believes that his favorite football team will go to the Super Bowl because it has a good record so far this season. Nigel is demonstrating the concept of .

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An Inference

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The first step in becoming an audience-centered speaker is to

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gather information about your audience

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Statistical information about a population's age, race, gender, sexual orientation, education level and religious views are all components of .

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Demographics

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A formal method for gathering information would be a .

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Written Survey

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What type of test question is considered open-ended

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Essay

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As part of an audience survey, Mallory included multiple-choice and true/false questions. These are both a form of questions

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closed-ended

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is the process of examining information about those who are expected to listen to a speech.

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audience analysis

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The similarities between a speaker and the audience members in terms of attitudes, values and beliefs are known as .

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Common ground

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The ongoing connection you have with a person is known as

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A relationship

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When you engage in audience adaption, you will:

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be likely to help your audience understand your message

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The culturally constructed and psychologically-based perception of oneself as either masculinee or feminine is known as

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Gender

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is a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values and norms shared by a group of people.

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Culture

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Mario is Italian and believes that the practices of his culture are superior to other cultures. Mario demonstrates the idea of

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Ethnocentrism

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During a psychological audience analysis, you would want to consider the of the audience

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Attitudes

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The psychological concept that is most resistant to change is a person's

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Values

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Situational audience analysis includes an examination of .

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The size of the audience

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Which of the following is the best indicator that your audience is interested in the speech you are giving?

answer

they maintain direct eye contact with you during the speech

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Which of the following is a good suggestion to follow if you can tell your audience seems bored or inattentive?

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tell a story

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Which of the following is an example of a speaker customizing his or her message to the audience?

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the senatorial-candidate started off his speech by commenting on how wonderful it was to be in the great state of New Hampshire

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When a listener smiles at a speaker, it is a type of

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Nonverbal cue

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The most obvious nonverbal response following a speech is

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Applause

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A few weeks after his presentation, Kevin conducted a survey to see how many of his audience members got out to vote. Kevin is looking for a response

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Behavioral

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Which of the following questions would be found on a demographic survey?

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What is the highest level of schooling you obtained?

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A audience analysis would ask questions about age, gender, and sexual orientation

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Demographic

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The part of a person's cultural background that includes such factors as nationality, religion, language and ancestry which are also shared by a group of people with a common geographic origin is referred to as

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Ethnicity

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If an audience finds a speaker trustworthy, knowledgeable, and interesting, then the audience sees a speaker as

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Credible

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Kelly's audience seems to be disagreeing with the message of her speech. What can Kelly do to redirect the audience?

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remind them of her credibility and credentials

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To begin his presentation, Michael told the audience that statistics showed that by the end of the year, 20% of them would lose their retirement funds. What technique is he using to customize his message?

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relate information directly to listeners

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When a minister judges the success of his sermon by the amount of money in the collection basket, the minister is using a response

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Behavioral

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The process of presenting a message to an audience, small or large is referred to as:

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Public Speaking

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Public speaking differs from conversation in that it

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involves more clearly defined roles for speaker and audience than conversation

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An instructor giving a lecture, the president addressing Congress at the State of the Union, and a monologue on a late-night talk show are all examples of:

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Public Speaking

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Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the difference between public speaking and conversation?

answer

Public Speaking requires preparation

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When an individual has the information, resources, and attitudes that allow him or her to take action and achieve a desired goal, that person is displaying .

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Empowerment

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According to your text, the number one attribute employers look for in a future employee is

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Communication skills

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The job of a speaker is to translate ideas and images in his or her mind into symbols than an audience can recognize. This process is known as

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Encoding

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The individual audience member is otherwise known as the

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Receiver

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Early model of the communication process showed it to be a ? process

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linear

question

The context of a public speaking situation refers to the ? of a speech

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environment or situation

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The model focuses on communication as a simultaneous process

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Transactive

question

? is the use of words and symbols to achieve a goal

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Rhetoric

question

Who formulated the guidelines for speakers that we still follow today?

answer

Aristotle

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As part of her presentation, Michelle included the famous "I have a Dream" speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. Michelle was using the practice of .

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Declamation

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Which of the following is one of the five classical canons of preparing and presenting a speech as identified by the ancient Romans?

answer

Memory

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Ordinarily, Carla doesn't have any problems speaking to a group of people. However, she gets nervous when she thinks about having to give a speech to her class. This type of anxiety is described as a .

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State

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Which of the four styles of communication apprehension is characterized by having the highest heart rate when speaking publicly?

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Inflexible

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Which of the following does your text present as a good suggestion to follow when trying to build your confidence before giving a speech?

answer

be familiar with how you will begin and end your speech

question

Baruch was nervous about his speech, so he took a walk before class. Which tip for building confidence was he demonstrating?

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Channel your nervous energy

question

In order to minimize anxiety, it is best for a speaker to focus on his or her

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Message

question

Which of the following is an example of positive self-talk?

answer

I have practiced this speech many times

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A speaker feels empowered when he or she

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has the resources, information, and attitudes to achieve a desired goal

question

models of communication were developed by the earliest communication theorists.

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Linear

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Anything that interferes with the communication of a message is called .

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Noise

question

The interactive model of communication added which two elements to the communication process?

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Feedback and context

question

When an audience member claps his or her hands after an especially moving part of a speech, this is a type of .

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Feedback

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The of a speech is made up of things like the time, the place, and the speaker's or audience's cultural traditions and expectations.

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Context

question

The art of ? is used in a presentation when the speaker delivers an already famous speech

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Declamation

question

Nina has a general tendency to be nervous whenever she has to speak to more than one person at a time. What type of anxiety does she demonstrate?

answer

Trait

question

Research shows that you will probably feel the LEAST anxious about a speech when you are .

answer

Preparing your speech

question

Kory does not mind speaking in public. He has given many speeches and has a low heart rate when speaking. He rates his performance as moderately successful. Kory's communication apprehension would MOST LIKELY be labeled as .

answer

Insensitive

question

The content of a speech and the mode of its delivery form the

answer

Message

question

A speaker should determine whether a topic is relevant to the audience by taking into consideration the audience's interests, expectations, and .

answer

Knowledge of the subject

question

According to the text, the best public-speaking topics are those that

answer

Reflect a personal experience

question

Brainstorming and Internet searches are just two ways to

answer

Generate a speech topic

question

The purpose is a statement that says precisely what you want your listeners to be able to do following your speech

answer

Specific

question

In wording her specific purpose in terms of what she wanted her audience to be able to do by the end of the speech, Michaela has determined her .

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Behavioral objective

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A typical specific purpose statement for an informative speech would start with the words

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"at the end of my speech, the audience will be able to.."

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The specific purpose should be limited to

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A single idea

question

The thesis is another name for the

answer

Central Idea

question

The central idea of a speech focuses on the portion of the speech

answer

Content

question

Javier wants to write the central idea for his speech. To do this, he should prepare

answer

a complete declarative sentence

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Which of the following is a good example of a central idea?

answer

Maintaining your car regularly can ensure that it provides reliable transportation.

question

A central idea should include language that

answer

Is direct and specific

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Maurice needs to generate some main ideas for his speech now that he has his central idea in place. What would be a question he could ask about his central idea to discover some main ideas?

answer

does the central idea have logical divisions

question

Gabe's central idea for his speech is "A summer of swimming lessons will benefit a child in three ways." What is the best way for Gabe to generate main ideas from this?

answer

Find logical divisions

question

Kendra's speech is about the Battle of Bunker Hill. A historical topic can usually be subdivided into a .

answer

Series of steps

question

The central idea of a speech plus a preview of the main ideas are combined to produce a for the speech

answer

Blueprint

question

A speech topic should be relevant to the interests of the audience and should also take into account the of the listeners

answer

Knowledge

question

As he was brainstorming, several of Greg's ideas led naturally to other ideas. The text referes to this as .

answer

Piggybacking

question

When the professor asked the class to decide if their speeches would inform, persuade, or entertain, he was asking them to determine the .

answer

General purpose

question

The specific purpose of any speech is determined by

answer

the speaker

question

Which of the following verbs is most appropriate for Mallory to include in her specific purpose statement?

answer

Explain

question

In the example of Ed Garcia, the student who is writing a speech on college football, what must he do after he narrows his topic?

answer

Write a purpose statement

question

The one-sentence summary of a speech is known as the

answer

Central Idea

question

The central idea of a speech is also to answer which of the following questions

answer

What's my point?

question

Generating main ideas from a central idea is best accomplished by asking 3 questions: does my central idea have logical divisions? Can I establish several reasons my central idea is true? and?

answer

Can I support my central idea by tracing specific steps

question

A speech to inform typically attempts to achieve three goals; to maintain interest, to be remembered and to .

answer

Enhance Understanding

question

When a speech focuses on anything you can see or touch, you are using a as the subject of the speech

answer

Object

question

Kim is speaking on the process of making state laws. The subject of her informative speech is a:

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Procedure

question

Karl's informative speech focuses on the life of Abraham Lincoln. For this type of speech, it would probably be best to use a chronological or a organization.

answer

Topical

question

Adult learning is called .

answer

andragogy

question

During his presentation on cell phones to the retiree group, Joel told the audience that learning to use a cell phone was no different than when they had learned to use a land-line phone. What adult-learning principle was he using?

answer

connect listener's life experience with new information they would learn

question

Sarah described her dream closet as the Louvre Museum with out the art. She was using a

answer

Analogy

question

The four common learning styles include auditory, visual print, visual, and

answer

Kinesthic

question

The Greeks were the first ones to realize that an essential ingredient in a good story is

answer

Conflict

question

A story that has a beginning that sets the stage, a heart that moves to a conclusion, and then an ending that ties up all the loose ends, is using which story-telling technique?

answer

Incorporates Action

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Through out her speech she uses phrases like, "my first point is.." and "Now, for my second point" what strategy is Nora using to achieve her goal?

answer

Numeric Signposts

question

A classic research study concluded that people can only hold about pieces of information in their short-term memory.

answer

Seven

question

The KISS principle is helpful when you want to enhance audience recall because your key ideas should be kept .

answer

Short and Simple

question

Jared told his audience, "Of all the things I have said to you today, this next point is the most important of all and the one I want you to remember." What technique is he using to help enhance audience recall?

answer

Reinforce key ideas verbally

question

Which of the following is a specific verb?

answer

List

question

The final phase in the audience-centered informative speaking process is:

answer

Delivery

question

The topic of Maura's speech is "Sherlock Holmes." She would most likely organize the key areas of her speech .

answer

Topically

question

Researchers have found several approaches that are best used when teaching adults. Which of the following is NOT one of those approaches?

answer

repeat all new information a minimum of three times

question

What does "agogus" mean?

answer

Guide

question

he text describes a study in which people were given 15 seconds to memorize a group of random letters. According to the experts, the people could remember about half of the letters. What did the experts do to increase the participants' ability to memorize the letters?

answer

Regroup the letters into acronyms

question

Nora wants to use vivid descriptions to clarify the complex process she is describing in her presentation. To do this, she would consider .

answer

using onomatopoeic words

question

Kim is a ? learner. She would much rather read material than hear it presented orally

answer

Visual Print

question

A ? learner would appreciate an informative talk that is illustrated with Powerpoint images

answer

Visual

question

When Niguel was preparing his talk for a group of fifth grade students, he built in lots of opportunities for the kids to participate by raising their hands and clapping in response to a question. Nigel knew that his audience members ? were learners.

answer

kinesthetic

question

A good story that is used to maintain audience interest will incorporate all of the following ideas EXCEPT .

answer

Persuasion

question

The text mentions two ways you can reinforce key ideas:

answer

Verbally or nonverbally

question

Murielle is giving a speech on how to compile a family health profile and history. She has chosen to begin with her most easily accessible source and proceed to the more involved sources. Murielle is organizing her source material using the principle of

answer

Complexity

question

Mojdeh is preparing a speech on the sequence of events that led up to the 1979 Iranian Revolution. What organizational pattern would best suit Mojdeh's speech topic?

answer

Chronological

question

Christian is preparing a speech on the travels of Robert Louis Stevenson. What organizational pattern would best suit Christian's speech topic?

answer

Spatial

question

What organizational pattern should you consider using if your central idea can be developed discussing either steps or reasons?

answer

Cause-and-effect organization

question

If your audience knows about an action or program, but does not know the reason for its implementation, the organization would be effective.

answer

problem-solution

question

In cultures, ? speakers will often only allude to a main point through a circuitous route of illustration and parable

answer

Asian

question

In her speech on the imprisonment of nonviolent offenders, Karla begins with a very broad statistic about the number of nonviolent offenders that are currently imprisoned in the US and then begins to compact to make it more precise and relatable to the audience. How is Karla organizing her support material?

answer

Specificity

question

In her speech on new developments in quantum physics, Rhiannon decides to start with her support materials that are easier to understand then progress on to more technical support materials, how is Rhiannon organizing her supporting material

answer

Complexity

question

Factual examples and statistics are ?evidence

answer

Hard

question

When preparing his speech, Marco begins his introduction with an illustration. He then moves onto the body of his speech where he uses expert testimony and then cites some statistics. How is Marco organizing his supporting material in this example?

answer

from "soft" to "hard" evidence

question

Which of the following is true of speech previews?

answer

they build audience anticipation of an important idea

question

When preparing his speech, Diego used the words first, second, and third to introduce his main points and to highlight the relationship between his ideas. This type of enumeration is an example of a .

answer

Verbal transition

question

After delivery an emotionally riveting illustration in her speech introduction, Janisse paused and looked up from her notes to indicate to her audience that she was moving on to the body of her speech. Janisse is using .

answer

Nonverbal transitions

question

A ? summary occurs within the body of a speech and restates the ideas that have been developed up to that point

answer

Internal

question

The use of presentation aides to supplement your signposts can

answer

help your audience remember key ideas

question

When developing a speech, Holden created a detailed outline that included his central idea, main ideas, and supporting material. This is known as outline

answer

Preparation

question

The ultimate goal of your preparation outline is to .

answer

produce a plan that helps you judge the unity and coherence of your speech

question

Why should you write your preparation outline in complete sentences?

answer

Because if you don't, you will have trouble judging the coherence of your speech

question

Which guideline should you follow when using notecards for your speaking notes?

answer

Number your notecards just in case they get out of order

question

Which of the following statements about speaking notes is true?

answer

they should be written in standard outline form

question

When creating his speaking notes, Casper inserted reminders like louder and pause to help him communicate the nonverbal messages he planned to do when giving his speech. These are known as .

answer

Delivery Cues

question

An initial preview should be presented in conjunction with the central idea during what part of a speech?

answer

The end of the introduction

question

The principle ? of suggests that you discuss your most important or convincing point first in your speech

answer

Primacy

question

Which of the following speech topics would be a good candidate fo cause-and-effect organization?

answer

Adult illiteracy

question

On the whole, speakers from culture tend to be more linear and direct

answer

U.S.

question

Which type of evidence rests on opinion and inference?

answer

Soft Evidence

question

? are cues about the relationships between a speaker's idea

answer

signposts

question

? are often used in combination with internal previews to form transitions between major points and ideas

answer

Internal summaries

question

Which of the following is included in speaking notes but NOT in the preparation outline?

answer

Delivery cues

question

In the introduction of her speech on the dangers of plastic surgery, Rochelle showed disturbing before-and-after pictures of people whose plastic surgery operations had resulted in severe deformity. The pictures were so upsetting to some members of her audience that they felt the need to cover their eyes. What mistake did Rochelle make?

answer

She gained unfavorable instead of favorable attention

question

Why is it important to demonstrate the principle of proximity in a speech introduction?

answer

because it establishes listening motivation and prevents audience members from turing out

question

In his speech introduction, Jacyn decided to warm up the audience by telling a few jokes. He then proceeded to tell two different anecdotes, and ended his introduction with a quotation. As he moved into the body of his speech, his audience didn't seem to be following him. What mistake did he make?

answer

He forgot the basic purpose of the introduction- introducing his subject

question

What is one benefit of previewing your main ideas?

answer

It helps organize the message

question

Because it is the most inherently interesting type of supporting material, ? can provide the basis for an effective speech introduction by introducing your subject and gaining your audience's attention

answer

An illustration

question

In a speech to investors and financial analysts, President and CEO of Coca-Cola Muhtar Kent began by saying, "Are we ready for tomorrow, today?" What method for creating effective speech introductions did he use?

answer

A rhetorical question

question

When using recent events in your speech introduction, you should

answer

use any story that broke within the past year or so, if it is relevant

question

Reemphasizing the central idea of your speech in your conclusion helps to, ? a primary purpose of an effective conclusion

answer

Summarize the speech

question

? is the quality of a conclusion that makes a speech "sound finished"

answer

closure

question

If in your speech conclusion you encourage your audience to write a letter, buy a product, or make a call, then you are attempting to ? by motivating your audience to respond

answer

Provide closure

question

What is one benefit of referring to your introduction in your conclusion?

answer

it provides unified support for the main ideas

question

According to speechwriter and communication consultant James W. Robinson, why do inspirational appeals or challenges work so well in speech conclusions?

answer

because they allow the audience to briefly escape from the stressful demands of the real world

question

Martin Luther King's "I have a Dream" speech is a good example of a speech that successfully uses a ? in its conclusion

answer

an inspirational appeal

question

When beginning his speech on the structure of an atom, Rau walked quietly to the podium and said, "Today I am going to talk about the structure of an atom." Rau is failing to fulfill which key purpose of an introduction?

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get the audiences attention

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In order to create an effective speech introduction, a speaker must remember the importance of ? the degree to which the information affects your listeners directly

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Proximity

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The best way to ensure that your introduction introduces the subject of your speech is to

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include a statement of the central idea in the introduction

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Previewing your main ideas in your introduction improves your speech by helping to

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Organize the message

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An ? is an illustration or a story

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anecdote

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What is one benefit of using humor in your introduction?

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it can help relax your audience

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? is a question intended to provoke thought rather than elicit an answer

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a rhetorical question

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An effective conclusion will serve two purposes: It will summarize the speech and

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Provide closure

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In order to summarize your speech in your conclusion, you should reemphasize the central idea in a memorable way and

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Restate main ideas

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At the end of her speech, Roxanne urged her audience to call and write their state representatives to express their opposition to fracking in their state. She is attempting to rovide closure by

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Motivating her audience to respond

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When audience members feel that they are or could be personally involved they are more likely to respond to a speakers message. This means the speaker should utilize the principle of ? to motivate audiences

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Proximity

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Which of the following methods can be used to create an effective conclusion, but NOT an effective introduction?

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Inspirational appeals or challenges

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Researchers estimate that you remember 10 percent of what you read, 20 percent of what you hear, 30 percent of what you see, and of what you simultaneously hear and see

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50 Percent

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Anything tangible that helps a speaker communicate an idea to an audience- such as a drawing video image- is known as a

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Presentation aid

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is the use of images as an integrated element in the total communication effort a speaker makes to achieve his or her speaking goal

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Visual rhetoric

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A speaker brings in a small airplane to demonstrate the parts of the fuselage. The airplane is a ?

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Model

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The most common presentation aids are

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two-dimensional

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is an increasingly popular presentation software program that is cloud-based - the information is accessed on an Internet "cloud" rather than on your own computer

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Prezi

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When creating a Powerpoint visual aid, it is recommended to use no more than ?lines of text on any single visual

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Seven

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Trevor has reached a point in his speech in which he does not want to refer to his PowerPoint and wants to be sure his audience is focusing on him. He should

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Use a blank Powerpoint slide

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To increase the ease of reading a Powerpoint visual. you should use a font

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Serif

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The guideline for developing presentation aids that people violate the most is:

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to make them easy to see

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When it comes to size of charts or computer-generated images

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make it big

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When using text in a presentation aid, you should

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limit to key words and phrases

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Sylvia put so much information on the whiteboard that it was difficult for her audience to follow along. Which guideline for visual aids did Sylvia fail to follow?

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Keep them simple

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If you have a lot of information, it is better to

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use two or three simple charts or slides rather than to attempt to put all your words into one visual

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If Nora wants her presentation aids to have a maximum impact on her audience, she should

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Rehearse with her presentation aids

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Michael is using a PowerPoint display throughout his speech. He should remember to keep his eye contact focused on

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The audience

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What is one disadvantage of passing objects to the audience during a presentation?

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It can be a distraction

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The best advice to follow when deciding to use an animal in a presentation is to use an animal

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with caution

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The only time a speaker should distribute handouts during a presentation is

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if listeners must refer to the material during the speech

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As a speaker, it is always important to remember Murphy's Law that says

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If something can go wrong, it will

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It has been estimated that more than of all information comes to people through sight

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80%

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The ? graph looks somewhat less formal and less intimidating than the other kinds of graphs

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Picture

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A ? is an effective way to summarize a great deal of information in a small area of space

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Chart

question

Flipcharts are a good choice to use when you have brief information to display or you want to

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Summarize comments from the audience

question

? are an easy way to designate individual items or thoughts in a PowerPoint presentation

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Bullet points

question

When it comes to using fonts in computer-generated presentation aids, you should

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not use more than one or two typefaces on a single visual

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Which of the following colors is considered to have more calming effect on viewers and would tend to recede into the background in a PowerPoint presentation?

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Blue

question

In order to use handouts effectively, you should

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prepare images of each page of the handout to project on a computer-prepared slide

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To communicate nonverbally, a speaker would

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use gestures and facial expressions

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? is particularly important in communicating feelings, emotions, attitudes, likes, and dislikes to an audience

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Nonverbal behavior

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According to the ? theory, people have certain expectations as to how you should communicate

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Nonverbal expectancy

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When a nonverbal delivery contradicts the verbal message, people tend to believe

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the nonverbal message

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One advantage of ? speaking is that is allows you too have maximum eye contact with the audience

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memorized

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"Speaking off the cuff," is another term for ? speaking

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Impromptu

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Which of the following defines the art of extemporaneous speaking?

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speaking from a written or memorized speech outline without having memorized the exact wording of the speech

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Which of the following speech forms gives the audience member the impression that the speech is being created as they listen?

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extemporaneous

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In North America, the most important aspect of delivery during public-speaking is?

answer

eye-contact

question

Tom called attention to his point by pounding his fist into the palm of his hand. This is an example of the function of gesturing

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Emphasizing

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Maria wants to be sure she uses her gestures effectively during her presentation. Which of the following suggestions is a good one for her to consider?

answer

make gestures relaxed, not rigid

question

When a speaker makes eye contact, uses appropriate gestures, and adjusts his or her physical distance to enhance the quality of a presentation, that speaker is aware of

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Immediacy behaviors

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? is the softness or loudness of a speaker's voice

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Volume

question

On the East Coast, it is typical to hear the name Harvard pronounced "Hahvad." This is an example of

answer

Dialect

question

In order to avoid , Charles adapted his delivery style to his diverse audience and tried to view different approaches as merely different from his own, but not right or wrong

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Ethnocentrism

question

When developing strategies to adapt to diverse audiences, you should remember that audiences expect between the speaker and the audience

answer

Different levels of immediacy

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Audience members from a ? culture are unlikely to expect a delivery style including passionate gestures and overly dramatic facial expressions

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High context

question

Jillian will be speaking to an audience who speakers another language. Which of the following suggestions should she consider when working with a translator?

answer

Avoid slang, jargon, and figures of speech

question

Communication occurs when both speaker and listener share the same - both verbal and nonverbal

answer

Code system

question

Jarish just finished his outline for his speech. According to the text, it is recommended that you finish drafting your outline at least days before your presentation

answer

two

question

Which of the following is the best advice to give someone who is preparing speaking notes?

answer

use whatever system works best for you as the speaker

question

Lana is rehearsing her presentation. Which of the following tips should she be sure to follow?

answer

Rehearse while standing up

question

Your final speech rehearsal should

answer

re-create, as much as possible, the speaking situation you will face

question

Which statement about practicing your speech is the best advice?

answer

Practice makes perfect if practice is perfect

question

To reduce anxiety before the speech, you should

answer

act calm

question

LaToya is ready to deliver her speech. What advice would you give her to ensure her speech is successful?

answer

Arrive early for her speaking engagement to prepare the room

question

To prepare the room before you speak,

answer

practice using the audiovisual equipment

question

Which of the following is a good suggestion for preparing for a successful performance?

answer

Do a final mental rehearsal right before the speech

question

During the Q&A portion of a presentation, the speaker's delivery style changes to speaking

answer

impromptu

question

When an audience members asks a question during the question-and-answer portion of a speech, the speaker should respond by looking

answer

briefly at the person posing the question and then addressing the entire audience

question

After Tom's speech, an audience member asked a hostile question. What can Tom do to help diffuse the hostility?

answer

Restate the question

question

What is a good strategy to use to neutralize hostile questions from audience members?

answer

Acknowledge emotions

question

Jennifer had two answers to the question posed by the audience member. In response, she said, "First..." and then noted "My second point is..." These words are an example of ?

answer

Verbal signposts

question

Who should decide when the Q&A session should end?

answer

The speaker

question

The basis of the emotional contagion theory is that people

answer

tend to "catch" the emotions of others

question

Karen is going to use a manuscript to deliver her speech to the city council. Which of the following is a good suggestion for her to follow?

answer

Indicate on the manuscript where to pause or when to emphasize certain words

question

The speaking method is often described as "thinking on your feet"

answer

Impromptu

question

If you want your gestures to be effective, you should try to

answer

keep them unobtrusive, so the audience doesn't focus on the gestures themselves

question

Instead of saying "want to," Cara says "wanna". She is having an issue with her

answer

Articulation

question

When a speaker incorporates immediacy behaviors into a presentation, the behaviors provide a perception of

answer

Closeness

question

The ? microphone is the type that is attached to a lectern or sitting on a desk

answer

Stationary

question

? is defined as the use of sounds to form words clearly and accurately

answer

Pronunciation

question

Matt isn't worried at all about speaking in front of a diverse crowd. He knows that his own culture is superior to all others and what he has to say will be recognized as important. Matt is displaying

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

What is considered the best predictor of the effectiveness of a speech?

answer

the amount of time spent preparing and rehearsing the speech

question

Which of the following is an important factor to use when speaking to listeners who speak another language and will hear the speech through a translator?

answer

learn enough of the language to provide at least an opening greeting

question

Mandy is going to deliver an extemporaneous speech. Rehearsing her speech delivery will help her to

answer

Present her speech with confidence

question

As a speaker, which of the following should you do in a question-and-answer session?

answer

Ask yourself a challenging question first

question

If an audience member asks a question and you truly do not know the answer, what should you do?

answer

Admit that you don't know the answer

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