CS 682 Chapter 9 – Flashcards

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1. A model is a representation of reality
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True
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2. Logical models show what a system is or does. They are implementation independent.
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True
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3. Logical models show how a system is implemented.
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False
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4. Physical models show not only what a system is or does, but also how the system is physically and technically implemented. They are implementation independent because they specify the technology.
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False
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5. Logical models show not only what a system is or does, but also how the system is implemented.
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False
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7. A data flow diagram (DFD) is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
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True
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8. An entity relationship diagram (ERD) is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
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False
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9. A data flow diagram is a process model.
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True
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10. Another name for the data flow diagram is an entity relationship diagram.
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False
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11. In a data flow diagram, rounded rectangles are used to represent processes.
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True
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12. In a data flow diagram, squares are used to represent external agents - the boundary of the system.
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True
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13. In a data flow diagram, rounded rectangles are used to represent external agents - the boundary of the system.
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False
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14. Data flow diagrams have found new use in business process redesign.
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True
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15. A process is work performed on, or in response to, incoming data flows or conditions. A synonym is transform.
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True
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17. In data flow diagrams, open-ended boxes represent data stores.
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True
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18. In data flow diagrams, open-ended boxes represent external agents.
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False
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19. In data flow diagrams, arrows represent data flows.
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True
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20. A system is a process.
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True
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21. If data modeling is done before process modeling, the agents on the DFD can be pulled from the entity relationship diagram.
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False
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22. The use of logical models reduces the risk of missing business requirements.
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True
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23. Data Flow Diagrams are a kind of flowchart.
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False
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24. A complex system is usually easy to understand when viewed as a whole.
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False
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25. Decomposition is the act of breaking a system into component subsystems, processes and subprocesses.
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True
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27. In systems analysis, decomposition allows you to partition a system into logical subsystems of processes for improved communication, analysis and design.
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True
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28. A decomposition diagram is also called a hierarchy chart.
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True
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29. A data flow diagram shows the top down functional decomposition and structure of a system.
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False
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30. A decomposition diagram is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
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False
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31. A hierarchy chart is another name for a decomposition diagram.
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True
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32. A decomposition diagram is essentially a planning tool for more detailed process models, namely, data flow diagrams.
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True
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33. Logical processes are work or actions that must be performed no matter how you implement the systems.
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True
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34. Physical processes are work or actions that must be performed no matter how you implement the systems.
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False
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35. Each logical process must be implemented in software.
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False
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37. An event is a logical unit of work that must be completed as a whole.
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True
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38. An event is a logical unit of work that can be completed in parts over time.
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False
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39. An event is triggered by a discrete input and is completed when the process has responded with the appropriate outputs.
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True
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40. An event is triggered by a discrete output that is completed when the process has responded with the appropriate inputs.
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False
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41. Events are sometimes called transactions.
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True
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42. A function is a unit of work that must be completed as a unit or whole.
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False
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43. Elementary processes are discrete, detailed activities or tasks required to complete the response to an event.
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True
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44. Elementary processes are the overall activities to be accomplished by a system.
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False
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45. Elementary processes are at the highest level of detail when depicted in a process model.
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False
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47. Primitive processes are the lowest level of detail when depicted in a process model.
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True
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48. A black hole is a process that has inputs but no outputs.
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True
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49. A black hole is an acceptable elementary process.
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False
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50. Gray holes can be caused by a misnamed process.
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True
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51. A gray hole is a process where the inputs are insufficient to produce the desired outputs.
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True
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52. A data store represents data in motion.
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False
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53. A logical process can perform computations.
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True
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54. A logical process can make decisions.
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True
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55. A logical process can trigger other processes.
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True
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57. Structured English is a language and syntax, based on the relative strengths of structured programming and natural English, for specifying the underlying logic of elementary processes on process models such as data flow diagrams.
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True
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58. An iteration structure specifies that a set of steps should be repeated based on some stated condition.
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True
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59. A repetition structure specifies that a set of steps should be repeated based on some stated condition.
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True
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70. In Structured English, when in doubt, user readability should take priority over programmer preferences.
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True
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71. Structured English should be precise enough to clearly specify the required business procedure to a programmer or user. But it should not be so inflexible that you spend hours arguing over syntax.
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True
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72. Structured English is very precise and requires a strict adherence to syntax rules so that it can be translated for specifications to programming code directly.
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False
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73. Simple condition steps can be translated into programming language as a For loop.
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False
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74. A policy is a set of rules that governs some process in the business.
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True
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75. Both decision tables and Structured English can describe a single elementary process.
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True
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77. A decision table is expressed in Structured English to facilitate the presentation of policies and processes using a single technique.
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False
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78. Decision tables are useful for specifying complex policies and decision-making rules.
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True
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79. The three components of a decision table are: condition stubs, action stubs and rules.
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True
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80. The three components of a decision table are: entities, relationships and attributes.
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False
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81. A data flow represents an input of data to a process or the output of data from a process.
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True
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82. Composite data flows are used to combine similar data flows on high-level data flow diagrams to make those diagrams easier to read.
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True
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83. A composite data flow is a data flow that consists of other data flows.
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True
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84. A compound data flow is a data flow that consists of other data flows.
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False
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85. A data flow is composed of either actual data attributes (also called data structures) or other data flows.
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True
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87. A control flow represents a condition or non-data event that triggers a process.
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True
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88. A control flow is a special data flow that has both inputs and outputs.
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False
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89. Data conservation requires that a data flow contain only the data that is truly needed by the receiving process.
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True
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90. Data conservation requires that a data flow contain the entire data entity with all its attributes that is requested by a process.
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False
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91. By ensuring that processes receive the entire entity and its attributes, we plan for future processing requirements to improve the implementation and maintenance of processes.
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False
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92. A data attribute is the smallest piece of data that has meaning to the end users and the business.
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True
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93. The concept of a data attribute is different when drawing data models versus process models.
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False
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94. Data structures are non-specific arrangements of data that define data in a data store.
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False
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95. The data type for an attribute defines what class of data can be stored in that attribute.
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True
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97. The domain of an attribute defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on.
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True
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98. Data flows can be described in terms of the following types of data structures: a sequence or group of data attributes that occur one after another; the selection of one or more attributes from a set of attributes; and, the repetition of one or more attributes.
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True
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99. A data flow can connect an agent to a data store.
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False
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100. A data flow can connect pass data directly from one data store to another data store.
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False
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101. A diverging data flow is one that splits into multiple data flows.
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True
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102. A converging data flow is one that merges multiple data flows into a single data flow.
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True
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103. A diverging data flow is one that merges multiple data flows into a single data flow.
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False
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104. An external agent defines a person, organization unit, other system or other organization that lies outside the scope of the project but that interacts with the system being studied.
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True
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105. An external agent defines a person or organizational unit that is part of the scope of the project, but has no interaction with the system being studied.
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False
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107. A synonym for external entity is data entity.
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False
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108. A data store is an inventory of data. Synonyms include file and database.
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True
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109. Data flows are data in motion; data stores are data at rest.
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True
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110. Data stores are data in motion, and data flows are data at rest.
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False
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111. An enterprise process model typically identifies business areas and functions in detail. Events and detailed processes are made explicit.
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False
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112. Event partitioning factors a system into subsystems based on business events and responses to those events.
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True
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113. Event partitioning factors a system into different databases based on how information is used and where it is stored.
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False
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114. A system context diagram is constructed to establish initial project scope.
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True
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115. A system context diagram partitions the system into logical subsystems.
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False
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117. An event response or use case list is compiled to identify and confirm the business events to which the system must provide a response.
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True
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118. An event response list is compiled to partition the system into logical subsystems and/or functions.
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False
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119. After an event handler is added to the decomposition diagram for each event, the decomposition diagram can now serve as the outline for the system.
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True
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120. After an event handler is added to the decomposition diagram for each event, you now have the event response diagram that is used as the outline for the system.
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False
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121. The context diagram is constructed for event processes that require additional processing details. These data flow diagrams include all the elementary processes, data stores and data flows for single events.
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False
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122. A context data flow diagram defines the scope and boundary for the system and project.
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True
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123. External events are so named because they are initiated by external agents.
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True
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124. Temporal events trigger processes on the basis of time, or something that merely happens.
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True
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125. State events trigger processes based on a system's change from one state or condition to another.
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True
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127. Use case analysis is the process of identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system responds to them.
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True
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128. Use case analysis is rooted in object-oriented analysis.
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True
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129. Use case analysis is the process of identifying the actors who interact and use a system independent of how they are using the system.
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False
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130. An event diagram is a composite diagram that combines multiple events into a single processing unit.
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False
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131. For each use case we need to list: 1) the actor initiating the event; (2) the event; (3) the input or trigger for the event; (4) all outputs and responses.
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True
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132. Balancing is the synchronizing of data flow diagrams at different levels of detail to preserve consistency and completeness of the models.
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True
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133. Balancing is a quality assurance technique used on data flow diagrams.
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True
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134. Balancing is a quality assurance technique used on entity relationship diagrams.
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False
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135. Data and process models represent different views of the same system.
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True
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137. A process-to-location matrix is a table in which the rows indicate processes (event or elementary processes); the columns indicate locations; and the cells (the intersections of rows and columns) document which processes must be performed at which locations.
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True
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138. A process-to-location-CRUD matrix is a table that indicates which processes create, read, update or delete data information at the various locations and data stores.
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False
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139. Process models illustrate the essential work to be performed by the system as a whole.
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True
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140. Data models illustrate the essential work to be performed by the system as a whole.
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False
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141. Processes must be distributed to locations where work is to be performed.
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True
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142. A model that shows what a system is and what is does is: A) a physical model B) a logical model C) a context model D) both a physical and logical model E) none of these
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both a physical and logical model
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143. A model that shows what a system is and what it does, as well as how it does it, is: A) a physical model B) a logical model C) a context model D) both a logical and physical model E) none of these
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a physical model
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144. A technique for organizing and documenting the structure and flow of data through a system's processes and or the logic, policies and procedures to be implemented by a system's processes is known as: A) data modeling B) process modeling C) context modeling D) operational modeling E) none of these
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process modeling
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145. A tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system is known as: A) entity relationship diagrams B) decomposition, structure diagrams C) data flow diagrams D) use case diagrams E) none of these
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data flow diagrams
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147. In data flow diagrams: A) processes are represented by rounded rectangles B) data flows are represented by arrows C) data stores are represented by open-ended boxes D) external agents are represented by squares E) all of these
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all of these
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148. In data flow diagrams: A) processes are represented by open-ended boxes B) data flows are represented by arrows C) data stores are represented by squares D) external agents are represented by rounded rectangles E) none of these
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data flows are represented by arrows
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149. In data flow diagrams: A) processes are represented by squares B) data flows are represented by open-ended boxes C) data stores are represented by arrows D) external agents are represented by rounded rectangles E) none of these
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none of these
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150. Logical models: A) remove biases that are not the result of the way the current system is implemented B) reduce the risk of missing business requirements C) communicate with end users in nontechnical or less technical languages D) all of the above E) none of these
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all of the above
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151. A process: A) is a common word used to describe almost any orderly arrangement of ideas or constructs B) is work performed on, or in response to, incoming data flows or conditions C) is only performed by computer software D) is comprised of many systems and subsystems E) none of these
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is work performed on, or in response to, incoming data flows or conditions
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152. The act of breaking a system into its component subsystems, processes and subprocesses is known as: A) generalization B) normalization C) composition D) decomposition E) none of these
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decomposition
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153. A diagram that shows the system broken into its component sybsystems: A) a data flow diagram B) an entity relationship diagram C) a decomposition diagram D) functional event diagram E) none of these
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a decomposition diagram
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154. A set of related and ongoing activities in a business is known as: A) a function B) a database C) a system D) an event E) none of these
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a function
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155. A logical unit of work that must be completed as a whole is known as: A) a function B) a data store C) an event D) a trigger E) none of these
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an event
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157. A process that has inputs but no outputs is known as: A) a black hole B) a gray hole C) a miracle D) both a miracle and a black hole E) none of these
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a black hole
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158. Gray holes are caused by: A) a misnamed process B) misnamed inputs C) incomplete facts D) all of the above E) none of these
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incomplete facts
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159. A process that has inputs insufficient to produce the required outputs is known as: A) a black hole B) a gray hole C) a miracle D) a miracle and a gray hole E) none of these
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a gray hole
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170. A(n) _________________________________ is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
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data flow diagram (DFD)
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171. Another name for the data flow diagram is _____________________ model.
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process
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172. In a data flow diagram, rounded rectangles are used to represent _____________________.
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processes
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173. In a data flow diagram, squares are used to represent ________________________.
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external agents
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174. Transform is a synonym for a ________________________.
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process
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175. A(n) _________________________ is work performed on, or in response to, incoming data flows or conditions.
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process
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177. In data flow diagrams, arrows represent___________________________ .
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data flows
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178. A _______________________ is when the inputs are insufficient to produce the output.
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gray hole
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179. __________________________________ is the act of breaking a system into component subsystems, processes and subprocesses.
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Decomposition
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180. During decomposition, each level of ____________________________ reveals more or less detail as desired, about the overall system or a subset of that system.
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abstraction
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181. In systems analysis, ___________________________ allows you to partition a system into logical subsystems of processes for improved communication, analysis and design.
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decomposition
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182. A ___________________________ diagram shows the top down functional decomposition and structure of a system.
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decomposition
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183. A(n) ____________________________ is another name for a decomposition diagram.
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hierarchy chart
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184. A decomposition diagram is essentially a planning tool for more detailed process models, namely, _________________________________________.
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data flow diagrams
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185. ________________ processes are work or actions that must be performed no matter how you implement the systems.
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Logical
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187. A(n) ___________________________ is a logical unit of work that must be completed as a whole
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event
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188. An event is triggered by a discrete _______________________ and is completed when the process has responded with the appropriate __________________________.
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input, outputs
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189. ___________________________________ processes are discrete, detailed activities or tasks required to complete the response to an event.
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Elementary or Primitive
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190. Another name for an elementary process is a ____________________________ process.
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primitive
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191. Elementary processes are the _________________ level of detail when depicted in a process model.
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lowest
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192. A(n) _____________________ is a process that has inputs but no outputs.
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black hole
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193. A data flow is data in ____________________________.
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motion
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194. A __________________________ is when a process has inputs but no outputs.
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black hole
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195. _____________________________________ is a language and syntax, based on the relative strengths of structured programming and natural English, for specifying the underlying logic of elementary processes on process models such as data flow diagrams.
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Structured English
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197. A(n) ____________________________ structure specifies that a set of steps should be repeated based on some stated condition.
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iteration or repetition
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198. A(n) __________________________________ structure specifies that a process must perform different steps under well-specified conditions.
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conditional or decision
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199. _____________________________ sentences use strong actions verbs such as Get, Find, Record, Create, Read, Update, Delete, Calculate, Write, Sort, Merge or anything else recognizable or understandable to end users.
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Sequence
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200. A restriction of Structured English is that only ________________________ verbs may be used.
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strong, imperative
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201. _________________________________ should be used in Structured English to set off the beginning and ending of constructs to enhance readability.
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Blocking and indentation
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202. A(n) _______________________ is a set of rules that governs some process in the business.
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policy
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203. A(n) _______________________________ is a tabular form of presentation that specifies a set of conditions and their corresponding actions.
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decision table
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204. The three components of a decision table are: (1) _____________________________________ (2) _____________________________________ and (3) ______________________________________.
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condition stubs, action stubs and rules.
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205. A(n) ________________________________ represents an input of data to a process or the output of data from a process.
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data flow
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207. The _______________________ concept is critical to the creation of data flow diagrams. Data that should travel together should be shown as a single data flow, no matter how many physical documents or attributes are included in the data flow.
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packet
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208. A(n) _________________________ flow represents a condition or non-data event that triggers a process.
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control
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209. Data _______________________________ requires that a data flow contain only the data that is truly needed by the receiving process.
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conservation
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210. By ensuring that processes receive only as much data as they really need, we simplify the __________________________ between those processes.
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interface
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211. Data ______________________ are specific arrangements of data attributes that define the organization of a single instance of a data flow.
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structures
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212. The ___________________ for an attribute defines what class of data can be stored in that attribute.
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data type
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213. The ___________________________ of an attribute defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on.
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domain
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214. A(n) ____________________ data flow is one that splits into multiple data flows.
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diverging
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215. A(n) ______________________________ defines a person, organization unit, other system or other organization that lies outside the scope of the project but that interacts with the system being studied.
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external agent or external entity
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217. Data _____________________ are data in motion; data _________________ are data at rest.
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flows, stores
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218. A(n) __________________________ process model typically identifies only business areas and functions. Events and detailed processes are rarely examined.
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enterprise
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219. _________________________ events trigger processes on the basis of time.
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Temporal
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220. A(n) _____________________________________ is constructed to establish initial project scope.
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system context diagram
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221. Data conservation is sometimes called _____________________ the process.
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starving
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222. A(n) ________________________________ is compiled to identify and confirm the business events to which the system must provide a response.
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event response or use case list
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223. _______________________________ diagrams are constructed for those event processes that require additional processing details. These data flow diagrams include all the elementary processes, data stores and data flows for single events.
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Primitive or Elementary
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224. A(n) ______________________________________ defines the scope and boundary for the system and project.
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context data flow diagram
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225. Examples of _________________ include END OF MONTH, and 30 DAYS LATE.
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temporal events
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227. ____________________________ is the process of identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system responds to them.
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Use case analysis
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228. A(n) _______________________________ is a context diagram for a single event. It shows the inputs, outputs and data store interactions for that event.
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event diagram
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229. For each use case we need to list: (1) ___________________________________________________ (2) ___________________________________________________ (3) ___________________________________________________ and (4) ___________________________________________________.
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1) the actor initiating the event; (2) the event; (3) the input or trigger for the event; (4) all outputs and responses.
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230. ___________________________________ is the synchronizing of data flow diagrams at different levels of detail to preserve consistency and completeness of the models.
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Balancing
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231. Balancing is a quality assurance technique used on ______________________ diagrams.
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data flow
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232. A(n) __________________________________ is a table in which the rows indicate processes (event or elementary processes); the columns indicate locations; and the cells (the intersections of rows and columns) document which processes must be performed at which locations.
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process-to-location matrix
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