question

another word for thesis.

answer

central claim

question

1. claims consistent with our experiences. 2. claims independent of interpretation. 3. areas in which there is agreement among experts. 4. technical or mathematical claims.

answer

uncontested claims

question

claims that are not commonly accepted knowledge.

answer

contestable claim

question

claim can be presented as a diagram or drawing.

answer

concept map

question

a combination of the claim and the evidence for it. (because, as a result, in the first place, in the second place, for example, in addition, given that, studies show, etc.)

answer

argument

question

Overuse of ambiguous and abstract words such as "a great deal, many, often, a high probability," and so on are indicative of-

answer

precision

question

when the evidence is not sufficient to support a claim, the author is guilty of-

answer

fallacy of hasty generalization

question

an erroneous but frequently persuasive way of being led from a reason or circumstance to a conclusion."

answer

fallacy

question

we commit this when we accept the testimony of someone who has no expertise in the relevant area.

answer

fallacy of false appeal to authority

question

our beliefs about what events have taken place, what exists or how things work in the world.

answer

reality assumptions

question

If a statementit has modens or syllagism in the name, it is-

answer

valid

question

certain events or factors are responsible for bringing about other events or situations.

answer

causal claims

question

1) related to differences between groups. 2) correlation between characteristics. 3) the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy.

answer

three types of rival causes

question

the essential ingredient in problem solving.

answer

reasoning

question

another word for "good" in reasoning

answer

cogent

question

another word for "bad" in reasoning.

answer

fallacious

question

Words such as "because, since, for" usually indicate that what follows is a ___ of an argument

answer

premise

question

A passage that is purely ______ gives us no reason to accept any "facts" it may contain (other than the implied authority of the writer or speaker."

answer

expository

question

concerns the nature of the connection between the premises and conclusion of an argument, not the truth or believability of its premises.

answer

validity

question

A(n) ______ valid argument: "If all of its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true, also, because the claim asserted by its conclusion already has been stated in its premises, although usually only implicitly. (FORM)

answer

deductively

question

1. If A then B. 2. A. 3. B.

answer

modus ponens

question

_________ valid arguments have conclusions that go beyond what is contained in their premises, projecting patterns stated in the premises onto additional cases. (experience)

answer

Inductively

question

"The tooth fairy turned out not to be real. The Easter Bunny turned out not to be real. So I'm beginning to wonder about Santa." An example of:______

answer

induction by enumeration

question

two kinds of valid reasoning.

answer

deductive and inductive

question

1. If A then B. 2.Not B. 3. Not A.

answer

modus tollens

question

1. A then B. 2. If B then C. 3. If A then C.

answer

hypothetical syllogism

question

1. A or B. 2. Not A. 3. B.

answer

disjunctive syllogism

question

modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, and disjunctive syllogism are all examples of _______ ______ argument forms.

answer

deductively valid

question

Any argument that doesn't have a deductively valid form.

answer

deductively invalid

question

1. If A then B. 2. Not A. 3. Not B.

answer

denying the antecedent

question

1. A then B. 2. B. 3. A.

answer

affirming the consequent

question

Subject-predicate proposition that asserts or denies a relationship between a subject class and a predicate class.

answer

categorical proposition

question

"All S are P."

answer

Universal Affirmative

question

"No S are P."

answer

universal negative

question

"Some S are P."

answer

Particular affirmative

question

"Some S are not P."

answer

particular Negative

question

also called reductio ad absurdum (reduce to an absurdity). We reason this way when we assume the opposite of what we wish to prove and then deductively derive a conclusion claimed to be false.

answer

indirect proof

question

a statement that is logically, or necessarily true or is so devoid of content as to be practically empty. "Barry Bonds did take steroids, or he didn't.

answer

tautology

question

a statement that is necessarily false (because it contradicts itself.) "Barry Bonds did take steroids, and he didn't take them."

answer

contradiction

question

When two factors, A and B, are correlated, it may be that A is causing B, but it is also possible that B is causing A.

answer

Reverse causation

question

We can think of induction as a kind of ______.

answer

pattering

question

greater sample size yields greater _______

answer

probability

question

More representative samples yield higher probabilities than those that are less _________.

answer

representative

question

One definite counterexample shoots down an _________ induction.

answer

enumerative

question

we reason from the similarity of two things in several relevant respects to their similarity in another.

answer

reasoning by analogy

question

Having found that a certain percentage of the As examined have the property in question, we can conclude that the same percentage of the total population of As have that property.

answer

statistical induction

question

More general, ___________ inductions can be used to evaluate those that are less general.

answer

higher-level

question

a joining together of inductions and deductions in the discovery of a pattern that fits what has been observed or previously reasoned to.

answer

concatenated

question

affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent are examples of _______ argument forms

answer

deductively invalid

question

an argument containing three categorical propositions, two of them premises, one a conclusion.

answer

syllogism

question

accepting premises that we should doubt makes us guilty of the fallacy of ______.

answer

questionable premise

question

neglecting relevant evidence makes us guilty of the fallacy______

answer

suppressed evidence

question

We commit the fallacy of ______ when we are persuaded to accept the conclusion of an argument that contains self-contradictory statements or statements that contradict each other.

answer

inconsistency

question

Another way to be _____- is to argue one way at a given time and another way at some other time, or when talking to one person and then to another.

answer

inconsistent

question

thinking of a large organization as a kind of artificial person; have one representative speak out of one side of the mouth while the other speaks from the other side.

answer

organizational inconsistency

question

The importance of fallacy of inconsistency- it lies in the crucial importance of consistency to cogent reasoning. At least one of a set of inconsistent statements must be ______!

answer

false

question

committed when we misrepresent an opponent's position, or a competitor's product, or go after a weaker opponent or competitor while ignoring a stronger one.

answer

straw man

question

an argument that presents two alternatives, both claimed to be bad for someone, or some position.

answer

dilemma

question

Dilemma _____: Either P or Q. If P then R. If Q then S. Therefore, either R or S.

answer

form

question

a dilemma that can be shown to be false.

answer

false dilemma

question

sometimes called the black-or-white fallacy) is very similar to that of false dilemma. We're guilty of this fallacy when we mistakenly reason from two alternatives, one claimed to be bad (that is, to be avoided) so that we ought to choose the other alternative.

answer

either-or-fallacy

question

Either P or Q. Not P. Therefore, Q.

answer

either-or-fallacy form

question

when we assume as a premise some form of a very point that is at issue- the very conclusion we intended to prove-- we are guilty of the fallacy of _____.

answer

begging the question

question

The fallacy of begging the question usually falls into the broad category questionable premise because a statement that is ______ as a conclusion is equally _______ as a premise.

answer

questionable

question

One effective way to beg the question at issue is simply to avoid it entirely. Doing this makes one guilty of the fallacy of ________.

answer

evading the issue

question

mistaking a token gesture for the real thing, or accepting a token gesture in lieu of something more concrete. Another common fallacy.

answer

tokenism

question

attacking an opponent rather than the opponent's evidence and arguments.

answer

ad hominem

question

the ________ between ad hominem and straw man is that straw man attacks misrepresent an opponent's position, whereas those that are ad hominem abuse an opponent directly.

answer

difference

question

people judged by the company they keep.

answer

guilt by association

question

Those who try to justify a wrong by pointing to a similar wrong perpetrated by others often are guilty of the fallacy of _____.

answer

two wrongs make a right

question

committed when a wrong is justified on the grounds not that one other person or group, but rather lots of, or most, or even all others do the same sort of thing.

answer

common practice

question

committed when a wrong or an unsuitable practice is justified on grounds that it follows a traditional or accepted way of doing things.

answer

traditional wisdom

question

used to refer to reasons or premises that are irrelevant to a conclusion when the error doesn't fit a narrower fallacy category such as ad hominem argument or two wrongs make a right.

answer

irrelevant reason

question

Accepting an argument that is invalid because we are fooled by an equivocal use of language.

answer

equivocation

question

When good reasons are lacking, the rational conclusion to draw is that we just don't know. But when we greatly desire to believe something, it's tempting to take the absence of evidence, and thus absence of refutation, as justification for believing that it is true.

answer

appeal to ignorance

question

The fallacy of ______ ("salesman's fallacy") or "the consumer's fallacy, is committed when someone assumes that a particular item must have a certain property because all of its parts have that property.

answer

composition

question

an action is objected to on the grounds that once it is taken, another, and then perhaps still another, are bound to be taken, down a "___________" until some undesirable consequence results.

answer

slippery slope argument

question

committed when we draw a conclusion from relevant but insufficient evidence.

answer

hasty conclusion

question

the fallacy of ________- when we accept a conclusion based on a sample too small to be a reliable representation of the population from which it was drawn.

answer

small sample

question

when we reason from a sample that isn't sufficiently representative, we commit the fallacy of _______.

answer

unrepresentative sample

question

sometimes called unrepresentative sample, but this name also applies to cases where known statistics that are unfavorable to a theory are deliberately suppressed.

answer

biased statistics

question

when we label something as the cause of something else on the basis of insufficient or unrepresentative evidence, or when doing so contradicts well-established, high-level theories.

answer

questionable cause

question

We reason by ______ when we conclude from the observed similarity of two or more items in some respects to their similarity in another.

answer

analogy

question

We aren't always justified in reasoning by analogy. When we do so anyway, we are guilty of the fallacy of ________, sometimes referred to as faulty comparison.

answer

questionable analogy

question

erroneously accusing others of fallacious reasoning.

answer

false charge of fallacy

question

We don't want to be overly critical of the reasoning of others to the point that we are guilty of ________.

answer

quibbling

question

The claim in the argument is also called, "the thesis." Another term for the claim in an argument is:

answer

conclusion

question

In an argument such as the one below, if the premises are true, the conclusion must necessarily be which of the following? : If A then B. If B then C If A then C

answer

true

question

The idea that corporations ought to be responsible in the argument, "Corporate responsibility ought to be a higher priority for big companies because they have a larger impact on the community, the environment and the economy" is an example of:

answer

value assumption

question

The argument below contains which kind of reasoning: "Pickles Deli, the new restaurant on Redwood Road, is going to fail. Consider, Alfalfa Diner, Luigi's, and the Hotdog Hut all failed in that location."

answer

inductive reasoning

question

Which of the statements below is an example of a reality assumption for the following claim: "It is not a good marketing strategy to sell laptops in ten-pack units if you are only selling to private consumers."

answer

Private consumers do not buy many laptops at the same time.

question

Which of the following is NOT a criterion of cogent reasoning?

answer

it must contain exposition

question

What kind of evidence is offered in valid induction?

answer

learning from experience

question

Which of the statements below is an example of an underlying assumption for the claim: "Pickles Deli, the new restaurant on Redwood Road, is going to fail. Consider, Alfalfa Diner, Luigi's, and the Hotdog Hut all failed in that location."

answer

Alfalfa Diner, Luigi's, and Hotdog Hut are other restaurants.

question

What sort of evidence is offered for an expository claim?

answer

None but that it is said.

question

Cogent reasoning is reasoning that is:

answer

good

question

Which of the statements below is an example of explicit evidence in the following claim: "Ruby left for lunch at 12:30 and returned after 1:45. She will be written up for taking too long for her break."

answer

Ruby returned after 1:45.

question

The statement, "Jerry ate all of the pizza" is an example of which kind of statement?

answer

contingent

question

Which of the following are deductively valid argument forms?

answer

modus tollens

question

A categorical proposition is which of the following types of arguments?

answer

A subject-predicate proposition that asserts or denies a relationship between a subject class and a predicate.

question

If it's the holidays, then stores will have sales. It is the holidays. Therefore, stores will have sales. The previous argument is an example of which deductively valid form?

answer

modus ponens

question

If we successfully market silly bands, then lots of people will buy silly bands. If lots of people buy silly bands, then our company will make a profit. Therefore, if we successfully market silly bands then our company will make a profit. The previous argument is an example of which type of deductively valid argument form?

answer

Hypothetical Syllogism

question

"Some lawyers don't lie," is an example of which kind of categorial proposition?

answer

particular negative

question

"Jim sold more cars than Sally and Sally sold more cars than Jim," is an example of which of the following statements?

answer

contradiction

question

"Bachellors are unmarried men" is an example of which kind of statement?

answer

tautology

question

The claim, "All S are P," is an example of which kind of categorical proposition?

answer

Universal Affirmative

question

Tom will buy a car or Tom will buy a house. Tom will not buy a car. Therefore, Tom will buy a house. The previous argument is an example of which type of deductively valid argument form?

answer

Disjunctive Syllogism

question

If Chris quits her job then she will be broke. Chris is broke. Therefore Chris quit her job. Therefore Chris quit her job. The previous argument is an example of which type of deductively invalid argument form?

answer

Affirming the consequent

question

True or False: With Induction, Greater sample size yields greater probability.

answer

True

question

True or false: Higher-level inductions can be overruled by low-level inductions because low-level inductions are more general.

answer

False

question

What kind of reasoning is used if one joins together inductions and deductions in the discovery of a pattern that fits what has been observed or previously reasoned to?

answer

Concatenated

question

True or false: With Induction, more representative samples yield lower probabilities than those that are less representative.

answer

false

question

If I conclude from surveying 700 people that, because all 700 people I interviewed believed that Pepsi tasted better than Diet Pepsi, all people believe that Pepsi tastes better than Diet Pepsi, what kind of induction am I using?

answer

Induction by Enumeration

question

True or false: It is the case that if an argument is inductively correct then the conclusion is factually correct as well.

answer

false

question

A type of reasoning where we reason from the similarity of two things in several relevant respects to their similarity in another.

answer

analogy

question

If we reason from the fact that all As observed so far are Bs to the conclusion that all As whatsoever are Bs, which kind of induction would we be utilizing?

answer

induction by enumeration

question

True or false: With Induction, no single counterexample shoots down an enumerative induction.

answer

false

question

Having found that 490 of the first 1,000 observed tosses of a given coin land face up, we can conclude that 49 percent of all of the tosses with that coin will land face up. The above claim is an example of which kind of induction?

answer

Statistical Induction

question

Taking the absence of evidence, and thus the absence of refutation, as justification for believing that a claim is true.

answer

Appeal to Ignorance

question

Accepting an argument that is invalid because we are fooled by an equivocal use of language.

answer

equivocation

question

When a wrong or unsuitable practice is justified on ground that it follows a traditional or accepted way of doing things.

answer

traditional wisdom

question

Attacking an opponent rather than the opponent's evidence and arguments.

answer

ad hominem

question

Mistaking a token gesture for the real thing, or accepting a token gesture in lieu of something more concrete.

answer

tokenism

question

When we assume as a premise some form of the very point that is at issue.

answer

Begging the Question

question

When we misrepresent an opponent's position or a competitor's product, or go after a weaker opponent or competitor while ignoring a stronger one.

answer

Straw Man

question

When we are persuaded to accept the conclusion of an argument that contains self-contradictory statements or statements that contradict each other.

answer

Inconsistency

question

Accepting the word of an authority, alleged or genuine, when we shouldn't.

answer

Appeal to Authority

question

A dilemma that can be shown to be false.

answer

False Dilemma

question

What is one doing when one quibbles?

answer

Nitpicking every detail in an argument where certain assumptions can be reasonably made.

question

There is no such thing as a "Poll Fallacy".

answer

true

question

Accepting an argument on the basis of relevant but insufficient information.

answer

hasty conclusion

question

Drawing conclusions about a population on the basis of a sample that is too small to be a reliable measure of that population.

answer

small sample

question

Reasoning from a sample that is not representative (typical) of the population from which it was drawn.

answer

unrepresentative sample

question

Drawing an analogical conclusion when the cases compared are not relevantly alike.

answer

questionable analogy

question

Erroneously accusing others of fallacious reasoning.

answer

false charge of fallacy

question

Good statistics will necessarily result in good reasoning about those statistics.

answer

false

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the other fallacies that your text suggests "Questionable Cause" is related to or overlaps with?

answer

appeal to ignorance

question

Your text argues that acknowledging limitations makes your writing ______. Fill in the blank:

answer

more persuasive

question

Which of the following is NOT a way to limit your claim that your text discusses?

answer

Concede that your claim is false.

question

Most claims in business, and in persuasive writing more generally, tend to be contestable claims. This requires the author of the argument to do which of the following "destructive testing" on their ideas?

answer

Anticipate and counter-argue readers' objections.

question

What does the word "Rhetoric" mean?

answer

the use of language to convince

question

Which of the following is one of your text's suggestions for how to handle negative evidence?

answer

Present the negative evidence in order to show that you have given it consideration.

question

True or False: For business writing, it is always best to present the most analytical, matter-of-fact writing in order to be convincing.

answer

false

question

Words that are imprecise and do not stimulate reader's imaginations.

answer

vague words

question

Metaphorical phrases that, while formerly vivid, are now over-used.

answer

cliches

question

Style of writing characterized by stories and anecdotes.

answer

narrative tone

question

If you have no rebuttal, what does your text suggest you should do?

answer

limit your claim

question

Which of the following is the best example of "negative evidence" for the claim, "Samsung makes excellent quality phones"?

answer

42.3% of Samsung A670 users reported problems with their cell phones within the first 30 days of use.

question

Consciously believing what at a deeper level we know to be dubious.

answer

self deception

question

The tendency of practices and beliefs to persist long after whatever conditions made them useful or sensible have disappeared.

answer

culture lag

question

An extreme example of self-deception where the individual persists in deceiving themselves despite mounting evidence.

answer

delusion

question

Putting off for tomorrow what common sense tells us needs to be done today.

answer

procrastination

question

Others (often minorities within a larger culture) we can blame for the ills of the world when in fact we ourselves may bear a large measure of responsibility.

answer

scapegoats

question

Avoiding thoughts that are stressful by either not thinking about them or, more commonly, by thinking nonstressful thoughts.

answer

suppression

question

Theories put forth by "scientists" that continue to be accepted by a significant number of people in spite of the fact that they produce no postive results whatsoever.

answer

psuedoscience

question

Stemming from the natural tendency to identify with the ideas, interests, and kinds of behavior favored by those in groups with which we identify, this impediment causes us to tend to see things from the point of view of and interests of our primary culture.

answer

provincialism

question

The tendency to perceive evidence and to judge arguments via an "us against them" or a "my right view against your wrong view" attitude.

answer

partisan mind-set

question

A psychological ploy that we use to ignore or deny unpleasant evidence so as to feel justified in doing what we want to do or in belieiving what we find comfortable to believe.

answer

rationalization

question

employing statistics that are questionable without further support. Example: Accepting government statistics on short-term business trends as completely accurate rather than just educated approximations. Extreme example: Employing unknowable statistics about how many wars have been fought in the past 5,000 years and how many casualties there have been.

answer

questionable statistics

question

Perfectly good statistics also sometimes are a problem-- for two reasons. The first is the inability of so many people to understand the significance of this statistic or that, made worse by the natural tendency in all of us to see statistics as favoring conclusions we already have drawn. The second is the ability of charlatans to bamboozle the rest of us via cleverly employed statistics. Ex: Accepting evidence that the murder rate in states that have adopted a death penalty for serious crimes is higher than in states that have not done so as proof the the death penalty does not deter crime, without further evidence that this statistical evidence has a causal foundation

answer

questionable uses of statistics

question

although _____ are an important source of information, they need to be dealt with cautiously. They can be misleading because of the way in which questions are worded-often deliberately, to obtain the desired statistics; because they ask the wrong questions; because respondents don't want to appear ignorant, immoral, odd, or prejudiced; or because they are based on a sample that is too small or unrepresentative.

answer

polls

question

our reasoning sometimes is skewed from the truth because of _________, which inclines us to see our own society and its beliefs in a more favorable light that the evidence may warrant, because of _______, which narrows our interests and knowledge of what goes on in a world, and because of the _____ _____, which makes it easy and natural for us to believe what most others in our society believe.

answer

loyalty, provincialism, herd instinct

question

loyalty and provincialism are related to _____, in particular, to it against members of other groups, and to thinking in terms of unverified stereotypes.

answer

prejudice

question

prejudice against others often is conjoined with an overtolerance of the defects and foibles of one's own group and its members, and it may be reinforced by the need to find _____- others who can be blamed for our own troubles and mistakes.

answer

scapegoats

question

thinking in terms of stereotypes and scapegoats often stems from a _____ ____- viewing everything in terms of "us against them" or "my right opinions against your wrong ones."

answer

partisan mind-set

question

____ often are supported by a small amount of evidence. What makes them this is what we believe them on the basis of insufficient and, frequently, biased samples from which all negative evidence has been eliminated.

answer

superstitions

question

_______ ______- believing what we want to believe, no matter what the evidence- or from its variant, called self-deception- consciously believing what, at some deeper level, we know to be dubious.

answer

self-deception

question

Three other important ways to cut the wishful thinking pie are _____, _____, and _____.

answer

rationalization, suppression, and denial.

question

_______ often supports procrastination- putting off until tomorrow what ought to be done today.

answer

rationalization

question

self-deception frequently aids in the reduction of _____ and _____, both of which can be harmful to health.

answer

anxiety, stress

question

______ ______ are adopted, and endure, in spite of their failure to help us deal successfully with everyday problems, because of wishful thinking, self deception, and similar psychological mechanisms.

answer

pseudoscientific beliefs

question

_____ is comforting and upbeat concerning our own welfare and the satisfaction of our deepest desires.

answer

pseudoscience

question

Pseudosciences also gain widespread acceptance because charlatans have learned how to _____ us in our ungaurded or weak moments. (ex- Hitler)

answer

manipulate

question

on occasion, most of us lack a good sense of _____, a defect in reasoning that critical reasoners try to minimize.

answer

proportion

question

being _____, in a sense of provident- acting so as to maximize long-run interests- is an important component of a good sense of proportion that we often lack.

answer

prudence

question

most words have _____ meanings (in addition to cognitive meanings). Words like oppression, kike, and bitch have more or less negative (con) overtones; words like spring, free, and satisfaction have positive (pro) overtones; and words like socialism, marijuana, and God have mixed overtones.

answer

emotive

question

____ _____ use the emotive side of language to mask cognitive meaning by whipping up emotions so that reason is overlooked and to dull the force of language so as to make acceptable what otherwise might not be. The latter purpose often is accomplished by means of euphemisms (less offensive or dullar expressions used in place of more offensive of emotively charged locutions.)

answer

con artists

question

________= (less offensive or dullar expressions used in place of more offensive of emotively charged locutions.)

answer

euphemisms

question

common rhetorical devices often are used in a _____ manner. Ex- slanting words and expressions ("all this proves is that...") weasel words, fine-print disclaimers, obfuscation.

answer

slippery

question

_____ ____ suck out all or part of the meaning of a sentence ("economic success may be....")

answer

weasel words

question

__-_____ ________= take back part of what was originally asserted ("tickets must be purchased 30 days in advance, subject to availability")

answer

fine-print disclaimers

question

_____= may mask failure to respond to questions (Sarah Palin wandering from the point of the question about whether she had the national security credentials to serve as vice president.

answer

obfuscation

question

employing the right ____ can be used to mask lack of cogent reasoning or content or to sway audiences via emotional appeals.

answer

tone

question

True or False: To obfuscate means to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand, to render indistinct or dim.

answer

True

question

Slanting is also referred to by which of the following terms?

answer

Innuendo

question

Which major reform of language does your text cite as an example of language revision in our society? The reform of _____ _______.

answer

sexist language

question

Which of the following terms has approximately the same cognitive meaning as "bureaucrat" but has a different emotive meaning according to your book?

answer

government official

question

True or False: Slanting is a form of misrepresentation.

answer

true

question

True or False: Technical jargon used by people in the same field can be an acceptable use of language.

answer

true

question

True or False: Tone informs or states a fact about things, events or properties of one kind or another.

answer

False

question

According to your text and as argued in the case of Boumediene v. Bush, the term "Enemy Combatants" is an equivocation of which of the following terms?

answer

prisoner of war

question

Locutions from which as much negative emotive content as possible has been removed.

answer

euphemism

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of a weasel word?

answer

exactly

question

True or False: Qualitative research grew, in part, out of Freudian psychological theories of the unconscious mind.

answer

true

question

Which of the following, according to your book, is the reason most often cited by physicians for inappropriately prescribing medications in the New England Journal of Medicine?

answer

demand by patients

question

True or False: Quantitative research gathers thoughts and feelings on an unconscious motivation level.

answer

false

question

What reason does your book offer for why negative campaign ads continue despite voter outcry against them?

answer

because they work

question

True or False: Advertisers will sometimes appeal to people's sense of patriotism to sell a product.

answer

true

question

Your text uses the "Chevrolet. Like A Rock," slogan as an example of which of the following techniques?

answer

advertisements pound home slogans

question

True or False: Promise advertisements get us to identify with the product.

answer

false

question

promise advertisements promise to satisfy desires.

answer

true

question

True or False: Making generalized, vague, or exaggerated claims humorously in advertising is illegal.

answer

false

question

puffery is legal

answer

true

question

As an example of Corporate Image Whitewashing, your text references the "eco imagination" campaign. Which company launched that campaign?

answer

GE

question

True or False: Qualitative Research gathers information by observation, experimentation and surveys.

answer

false

question

News-gathering methods are designed to do which of the following, according to your text?

answer

save money

question

According to your text, human interest stories tend to crowd out which of the following?

answer

more information matters

question

News tends to get slanted to cover the new, but not the:

answer

day-to-day occurences

question

According to your text, those who have the most important say as to what sort of news stories are presented in the media are:

answer

the consumer

question

When the interests of politicians or big business moguls coincide with those of the masses which of the following is the consequence?

answer

coverage of events will be automatic

question

Government can sometimes harass a news agency by doing which of the following?

answer

Being strict about the rules it sets up and the licenses it requires

question

Often the press can report political spin without analyzing it to do which of the following?

answer

separate fact from fiction

question

The media is not only beholden to the people but also to which of the following?

answer

advertisers

question

Corporate power affects the dissemination of news by:

answer

preventing conflicting viewpoints from being expressed

question

According to your text, Leaks are which of the following:

answer

tactic that provides a large source of media information

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