question

scientific

answer

Criminologists use methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.

question

criminology

answer

is an academic discipline that makes use of scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.

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departs from social norms

answer

Deviant behavior:

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theories

answer

serve as models or frameworks for understanding human behavior and the forces that shape its content and direction.

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mala in se

answer

Murder, rape and other crimes deemed inherently evil are also referred to as crimes.

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mala prohibitum

answer

Statutory crimes are referred to as:

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the uniform crime report

answer

The best known and most important source of official crime data is:

question

index crimes, arson

answer

Part I crimes are also referred to as and include: murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny, and .

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a self-report survey

answer

A research approach that asks participants to describe their recent and lifetime criminal activity is termed:

question

season and climate

answer

The phrase "the ecology of crime" refers to such factors as:

question

victimologists

answer

Criminologists who focus their attention on crime victims refer to themselves as:

question

victim precipitation theory

answer

Some people may actually initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death.

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active precipitation

answer

When victims act provocatively, use threats or fighting words, or even attack first, it is known as:

question

passive precipitation

answer

When the victim exhibits some personal characteristic that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker it is known as:

question

lifestyle theory

answer

The fact that some people's activities and behaviors increase their risk of victimization by increasing their potential to become "opportunities" for criminal offenders is the basis of what theory?

question

capable guardians

answer

In routine activities theory, police and homeowners would be an example of:

question

capable guardians

answer

In routine activities theory, a large number of unemployed teenagers would bean example of:

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hot spots

answer

Places containing elevated numbers of motivated offenders result in an elevated chance of being victimized. Such places are termed:

question

victims' impact statement

answer

The victim's ability to address the sentencing judge and tell of his or her experiences as a result of the victimization is known as a:

question

offense specific

answer

Offenders may react selectively to the characteristics of particular offenses. For instance, the decision to commit a burglary may involve evaluation the target's likely cash yield and the presence of dogs and escape routes. This crime would then be considered:

question

offender specific

answer

The view that criminal evaluate their skills and needs prior to engaging in a crime is:

question

just desert

answer

The philosophy of justice that asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished is known as:

question

scientific

answer

Criminologist use methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.

question

criminology

answer

is an academic discipline that makes use of scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.

question

theories

answer

serve as models or frameworks for understanding human behavior and the forces that shape its content and direction.

question

departs from social norms

answer

Deviant behavior:

question

mala in se

answer

Murder, rape and other crimes deemed inherently evil are also referred to as

question

mala prohibitum

answer

Statutory crimes are referred to as:

question

index crimes, arson

answer

Part I crimes are also referred to as and include: murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny, and .

question

season and climate

answer

The phrase "the ecology of crime" refers to such factors as:

question

victim precipitation theory

answer

Some people may actually initiate the confrontation that eventually leads to their injury or death.

question

victimologists

answer

Criminologists who focus their attention on crime victims refer to themselves as:

question

passive precipitation

answer

When the victim exhibits some personal characteristic that unknowingly either threatens or encourages the attacker it is know as:

question

active precipitation

answer

When victims act provocatively, use threats or fighting words, or even attack first, it is known as:

question

lifestyle theory

answer

The fact that some people's activities and behaviors increase their risk of victimization by increasing their potential to become "opportunities" for criminal offenders is the basis of what theory?

question

capable guardians

answer

In routine activities theory, police and homeowners would be and example of:

question

motivate offenders

answer

In routine activities theory, a large number of unemployed teenagers would be and example of:

question

hot spots

answer

Places containing elevated numbers of motivated offenders result in an elevated chance of being victimized. Such places are termed:

question

victims' impact statement

answer

The victim's ability to address the sentencing judge and tell of his or her experiences as a result of the victimization is known as a:

question

offense specific

answer

Offenders may react selectively to the characteristics of particular offenses. For instance, the decision to commit a burglary may involve evaluation the target's likely cash yield and the presence of dogs and escape routes. This crime would then be considered:

question

offender specific

answer

The view that criminals evaluate their skills and needs prior to engaging in a crime is:

question

just desert

answer

The philosophy of justice that asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished is known as:

question

mesomorph

answer

According to William Sheldon, who believed that criminals manifest distinct physiques, which somatotype was most likely to become criminal?

question

biophobia

answer

The belief that no serious consideration should be given to biological factors when attempting to understand human nature is known as:

question

Hyperglycemia

answer

Which of the following biochemical factors has not been liked to criminality?

question

hypoglycemia

answer

A condition that occurs when glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning is known as:

question

lead

answer

High bone concentrations of this mineral/metal are associated with delinquency.

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moral

answer

According to Freud, the superego is the aspect of one's personality.

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attachment theory

answer

Which theory states that the emotional bond at birth has important lasting psychological implications that follow people across the life span

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anti-social personality

answer

is defined as a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.

question

social disorganization theory, stain theory, cultural deviance theory

answer

What are the three branches of social structure theory?

question

social structure theories

answer

suggest that social and economic forces operating in deteriorated lower-class areas are the key determinant of criminal behavior patterns.

question

inadequate social control and deteriorated housing

answer

Social disorganization theory focuses on which of t he following conditions in the urban environment?

question

anomie

answer

According to Durkheim, occurs in a society in which rules of behavior have broken down or become inoperative during periods of rapid social change or social crisis, such as war or famine.

question

conformity

answer

When individuals embrace conventional social goals and have the means at their disposal to attain them, this is known as:

question

socialization

answer

The interactions people have with various organizations,and process of society is known as:

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social process theory

answer

The view that criminality is a function of people's interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society is referred to as:

question

learned

answer

Differential association theory suggests that crime is a/an behavior:

question

denial of responsibility

answer

When young offenders claim their unlawful acts were beyond their control, it's known as:

question

denial of injury

answer

By denying the wrongfulness of an act, criminal are able to neutralize illegal behavior. This is known as:

question

denial of victim

answer

When a crime is directed at certain persons because they are dislike or engage in behavior some people may fine offensive, the offenders sometimes neutralizes their wrongdoing by maintaining that it was deserved. This is known as:

question

left-realism

answer

The branch of conflict theory that focuses upon the emergence of a strict "law and order" philosophy and that believes street criminal prey on the poor and disenfranchised, thus making the poor doubly abused, first by the capitalist system and then by members of their own class is the known as:

question

preemptive deterrence

answer

is an approach in which community organization efforts eliminate or reduce crime before police involvement becomes necessary.

question

life course theory

answer

views criminality as a dynamic process, influenced by a multitude of individual characteristics, traits, and social experiences.

question

problem behavior syndrome

answer

Some theories believe that criminality may be a party of a group of antisocial behaviors that cluster together and typically involve family dysfunction, sexual and physical abuse, substance abuse, educational underachievement, sensation seeking, and unemployment. This is know as:

question

social

answer

According to problem behavior syndrome, crime is a type of problem rather than the product of other social problems.

question

the covert pathway

answer

The pathway to crime that begins with minor, underhanded behavior that leads to property damage is known as:

question

the overt pathway

answer

The pathway of crime that begins with bullying and annoying others and then escalates to physical fighting and violence is known as:

question

the authority conflict pathway

answer

The pathway of crime that begins at an early age with stubborn behavior leading to deviance and then to authority avoidance is known as:

question

latent trait

answer

A stable feature, characteristic, property, or condition present at birth or established early in life that makes some people crime-prone over the life course is known as a(n):

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