Criminology study guide 2
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Social structure theories see _______ as a fundamental cause of crime.
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Roots
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Gang culture in the early and mid 20th century rose up out of ________ distinctions.
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Ethnic
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Social process theories are also known as ______ perspective.
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Interactionist
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Human ______ refers to the relationship between the maturing individual and his or her changing environment, and to the social process that relationship entails.
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Development
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Seeing crime as the product of class struggle is characteristics of _______ theories.
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Conflict
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The term psychoanalysis was coined by ______.
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Sigmund Freud
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The _________ perspective suggest the development occurs primarily with a social context.
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Social Development
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_______ describes continuity in crime.
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Persistence
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_________ popularized the concept of conditioned behavior.
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Ivan Pavlov
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Early social ecologists who studied crime developed a disease model built around the concept of _______.
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Social pathology
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One criticism of _______ theories that they overemphasized the notion that spatial location determines crime and delinquency.
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Ecological
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The ______ is a largely unconscious region of the mind.
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ID
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Which of the following is not one of the three components of the personality?
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The Thanatos
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Individuals suffering from poor ________ development are likely to seek immediate gratification without considering the long-term consequences of their choices.
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Superego
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Psychological theories see ___________ as the major motivational element within individuals.
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Personality
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___________ theories suggest that crime is the result of class struggle.
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Conflict
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________ involves a reduction in the seriousness of offending.
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Specialization
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_________ refers to the cessation of criminal activity.
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Desistance
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_________ theories suggest that crime is the end product of factors such as inappropriate socialization and social learning.
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Social Process
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According to labeling theory, deviant individuals achieve their status by virtue of _______.
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Social definition
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According to the concept of ____________, traditions of delinquency are transmitted through successive generations in the same zone.
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Cultural transmission
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A verdict of ___________ means that the defendant can be held responsible for a specific criminal act, even though a degree of mental incompetence may be present.
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Guilty but mentally ill
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According to learning theory, criminal behavior is ______________.
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A product of the social environment and not an innate characteristic
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According to social process theories, criminal behavior is ____________.
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Learning in interaction with others
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According to relative deprivation theory, __________ can be blamed for most crime.
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Inconsistencies in the ability to achieve the American Dream
