Criminology Midterm 03/16/15 – Flashcards
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A formal written enactment of a legislative body is known as a
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Statute
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People appear to be particularly fascinated by _____ crime.
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Violent
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The view of a crime as human conduct that violates the criminal law is drawn from a _____ perspective.
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Legalistic
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The process of _____ makes some form of behavior illegal
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Criminalization
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_____ is human activity that violates social norms.
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Deviant behavior
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which of the following statements about deviance and crime is true?
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Deviant Behavior and criminal behavior overlap
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The pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through:
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A political policy
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The _____ perspective is most applicable to homogeneous societies
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Concensus
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Which of the following individuals probably would not be considered a criminalist?
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Correctional officer
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a police officer or probation officer is best described as a
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criminal justice professional
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Which of the following is not one of the basic assumptions or principles of the classical school?
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Most human behavior results from forces that are beyond the control of the individual
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According to Beccaria, punishment should be imposed to
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Prevent the offender from committing additional crimes
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Which of the following was/were influenced by Beccaria's ideas?
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All of the above
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The panopticon was designed by
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Bentham
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Bentham's approach is known as
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Hedonistic calculus
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Which of the following is not a critique of classical criminology?
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It emphasizes free will
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_____ determinism is the belief that much of human behavior results from forces outside the individual's control
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Hard
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The nothing works doctrine was based on the work of
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Robert Martinson
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The argument that crime is not a result of poverty or social conditions and therefore cannot be affected by social programs was made by
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James Q. Wilson
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The _____ model is predicated on the belief that criminals deserve punishment because of the choices they make
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Justice
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Which of the following statements would not be made by a biological theorist?
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Human behavior is controlled by free will
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_____ developed the theory of phrenology
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Franz Joseph Gall
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According to Gall, the shape of which body part can be used to predict criminality
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The skull
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Which of the following is not one of Franz Joseph Gall's main themes?
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Criminal behavior is to due atavism
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_____ brought phrenological theory to the United States and helped to spread its influence
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Johann Spurzheim
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The term "positivism" came from the writings of
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Auguste Comte
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According to Lombroso, women exhibited _____ anatomical variation than men
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Much less
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Atavism implies the notion that criminals
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are born criminals
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According to Lombroso, _____ were occasional criminals who were pulled into breaking the law by virtue of environment influences
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Criminaloids
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The Female Offender was written by
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Cesare Lombroso
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The concept of conditioned behavior was popularized through the works of
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Ivan Pavlov
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Which of the following is not a form of psychopathology?
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All of the above are forms of psychopathology
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According to Cleckley, one characteristic of the psychopathic personality is
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An inability to feel guilt or shame
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Which of the following is not one of the early signs or indicators of psychopathy
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Teenage pregnancy
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Which of the following is not a behavior pattern or characteristic of individuals suffering from antisocial personality disorder?
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loyalty to groups or indivuals
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The term psychoanalysis was coined by
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Sigmund Frued
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According to Frued, the ego-ideal is an element of the
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Superego
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Which of the following is not one of the three components of the personality?
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The Thanatos
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According to Frued, the _____ develops into a moral guide to right and wrong
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Superego
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The _____ is a largely unconscious region of the mind
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Id
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Which of the following is not one of the assumptions on which most sociological perspectives of crime causation are built?
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It is possible to predict the specific behavior of an individual member of a given group
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_____ theories suggest that crime is the end product of factors such as inappropriate socialization and social learning
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Social process
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_____ theories suggest that crime is the result of class struggle
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conflict
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social structure theories see _____ as a fundamental cause of crime
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social disenfranchisement
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which of the following is not a type of social structure theory?
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social control theory
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The social pathology model was used by early social _____ theorists.
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ecology
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The concentric zone research conducted by Park and Burgess identified Zone _____ as being in transition
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2
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The concentric zone model was applied to the study of juvenile delinquency by
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Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay
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According to the research on crime patterns in concentric zones, as the composition of the population in the zone of transition changes (e.g., because of various waves of immigration), the crime rate will
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stay about the same
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Early ecological theories of crime were collectively referred to as the _____ school of criminology
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Chicago
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According to social process theories, criminal behavior is
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Learned in interaction with others
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Which of the following theories is not social process theory?
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strain theory
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According to learning theory, criminal behavior is
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A product of the social enviroment
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Differential association theory was developed by
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Edwin Sutherland
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According to differential association theory, how does learning criminal behavior differ from learning other types of behavior?
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There is no difference between learning criminal and noncriminal behavior
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Social control theories focus on
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The process through which social integration develops
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According to containment theory, a positive self-image is an important _____ containment
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inner
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which of the following is not an example of a push towards crime?
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Perceived rewards from crime
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The theory of delinquency that emphasizes self-esteem was developed by
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Howard Kaplan
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Social bond theory was popularized by
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Travis Hirschi
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According to Marx and Engles, _____ would inevitably replace capitalism
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communism
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In 1905, _____ described the struggle between the haves and have-nots as a natural consequences of a capitalist society.
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Willem Bonger
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Which of the following is not one of the six key elements of the conflict perspective?
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The legal system represents the best interests of society
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According to the conflict perspective, the fundamental nature of a group conflict centers on
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The exercise of political power
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Which of the following id not achieved characteristic?
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Race
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Most social scientists today identify _____ social classes.
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Three
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The 1958 book Theoretical Criminology was written by
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George Vold
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Ralf Dahrendorf suggested that class conflicts arose over power and _____
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Authority
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Austin Turk and many other conflict criminologists see crime as
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A natural consequences of intergroup struggles over control
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According to Chambliss and Seidman, the _____ a group's political or economic position, the _____ the probability that it's views will be reflected in laws
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Higher: greater
