Criminology Exam 2 – Flashcards
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The Chicago School said that behavior is shaped by
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social factors
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Researchers from the Chicago School studied
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life histories; concentric zones; official data
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The process by which social disorganization affects juveniles. and leads to delinquency across generations is known as
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cultural transmission theory
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Culture conflict theory was developed primarily by
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Thorsten Sellin
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Which of the following ideas do NOT belong to the Chicago School?
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criminals are people who are inherently deviant
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Which of the following statements about Park and Burgess' findings about the city is NOT true?
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none of the above
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Which of the following statements best reflects Shaw & McKay's findings on city areas?
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rates of delinquency, tuberculosis and infant mortality decrease as you move away from the central business district
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Secondary culture conflict refers to
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conflict between a subculture and a larger culture within which it resides
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In forming his theory, Sutherland took into account each of the following EXCEPT
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individual responses to societal reaction vary in sensitivity and vulnerability
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Sutherland borrowed which three major theories from the Chicago School?
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cultural transmission/symbolic interactionism/culture conflict
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Cressey responded to criticisms that differential association did not explain crimes of passion or compulsive crimes with his work combining
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role theory and symbolic interaction
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Differential association is what type of theory
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positivist
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Who invented the term "white collar crime?"
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Edwin Sutherland
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Sutherland's own views were said to be shaped by his early interest in
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prohibition; the criminalization of drug use; the Great Depression
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According to Sutherland, differential associations may vary according to each of the following EXCEPT
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relativity
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Dan Glaser extended Sutherland's work with his own theory of
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differential identification
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In addition to differential association theory, Edwin Sutherland is known as the person who coined the phrase
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white collar crime
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In Durkheim's "mechanical society" people have
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group-oriented goals
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Merton did not support assumptions from
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Freud's theories
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What is the most common of the four deviant modes of adaptation
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innovation
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Anomie can be defined as
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a distinction bewteen cultural goals and socially approved means
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According to Durkheim, deregulated society is also likely to cause
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higher rates of suicide
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According to anomie theory, if a person rejected the goals but accepted the means, that person would be exhibiting behavior characterized as
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ritualism
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Shoplifting, auto theft and burglary would best fit into which of Merton's five modes of adaptation?
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innovation
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Merton's theory of deviant behavior
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involves the relationship between goals and means
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Institutional strain theory argues that anomie wold reduce the social control effects of
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schools; police; families
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Anomie theory. as described by Robert Merton, is
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a macro, structural and consensus oriented theory
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Defensible space is a concept in environmental design theory (t/f)
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True
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Chicago School theorists were consensus theorists at heart (t/f)
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True
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The Chicago School produced chiefly microtheories (t/f)
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True
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The concept of "concentric zones" referes to areas in which housing was environmentally designed in such a manner that it precipitated crime (t/f)
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False
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Sutherland viewed criminals as following culturally approved behavior that was disapproved by the larger society (t/f)
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True
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Sutherland attempted to explain both individual criminal behavior and variations in group rates of crime (t/f)
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True
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The primary concept in Sutherland's theory of differential association is an excess of definitions conducive to violation of law (t/f)
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True
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Sutherland did not believe that certain locations and people were more crime prone than others (t/f)
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False
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Differential association is a positivist theory oriented toward consensus (t/f)
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False
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According to Merton, his theory and differential association are complimentary (t/f)
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True
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Anomie is often called a functionalist theory (t/f)
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True
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If a person rejects both the goals and the means and then substitutes new goals and means, that person is engaging in rebellion (t/f)
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True
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Innovation is one of Merton's deviant modes of adaptation (t/f)
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True
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According to anomie theory, although the lower class suffers the greatest social inequality they do not have a higher rate of involvement in deviant behavior
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False
