Criminology Exam 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
A theory that is assessed by numerical measurements and testing is referred to as
answer
Quantitative
question
Qualitative theory does NOT include which of the following factors:
answer
the ability to be tested statistically
question
Theories about theories are known as
answer
Metatheories
question
Microtheories are similar to which one of the following
answer
Process theories
question
Classical theories do NOT focus on
answer
the pathology of criminal behavior
question
Structural theories of crime propose that
answer
crime rates will vary as social organization changes
question
Which term below applies to a theory that is not really macro or micro but rather in-between?
answer
bridging theory
question
The textbook suggests that the proper order for solving problems of crime and criminal justice would be
answer
theory--> research--> policy
question
Processual theories of crime generally
answer
are concerned with how people become deviant
question
Which was not an idea which descended from the Classical School?
answer
determinism
question
Members of the Classical School were generally opposed to
answer
capital punishment
question
The Classical School is best characterized as
answer
structural
question
Punishing one individual in the hope that it will prevent them from committing another crime is the concept of
answer
specific deterrence
question
Which of the following is NOT a favorite topic for deterrence theorists?
answer
domestic terrorism
question
An elaborate schedule of punishments designed to take into account a combination of pleasure, pain and mitigating circumstances was designed by
answer
Jeremy Bentham
question
Which of the following was NOT a major historical influence on the emergence of the Classical philosophy
answer
the writings of Guerry & Quetelet
question
Beccaria, in his essay "Of Crimes and Punishments," made which one of these points?
answer
persons awaiting trial should not be placed in prisons
question
The LEAST important of the three elements of deterrence is
answer
severity
question
Which of the following statements about the Classical School is INCORRECT?
answer
they used science to focus on behavior
question
Which of the following is frequently referred to as the "grandfather of criminology?"
answer
Lombroso
question
Dugdale's well-known study of the lineage of a criminogenic family in the U.S. was called
answer
The Jukes
question
The term "born criminal" was first attributed to
answer
Lombroso
question
The idea that behavior is learned by watching others, including criminal acts, is called the process of
answer
imitation
question
Cesare Lombroso's work included which of the following thoughts?
answer
criminals are not as highly evolved as noncriminals
question
An approach to explaining criminality that emphasized bumps on the head was
answer
phrenology
question
The idea that people are "genetic throwbacks" is called
answer
atavism
question
The concept of somatotypes deals with
answer
general body structures
question
Lombroso felt that some people were not biologically prone to crime but were influenced by others or their surroundings. He called this
answer
the occasional criminal
question
Thomas Kuhn purported that new theories which get accepted are those which make sense out of conflicting evidence that old theories cannot explain
answer
True
question
Microtheories are the most abstract of all theories
answer
False
question
Most of today's theories are positivist
answer
True
question
The most common approach to determining a "good" theory is to test it and see how well it fits the research evidence
answer
True
question
The major difference between metatheory and unit theory is that metatheory discusses process and unit theory discusses structure
answer
False
question
One of the characteristics of the Classical Era was a decline in the Enlightenment ideals
answer
False
question
The Classical School is basically a microtheory in its orientation
answer
False
question
According to the text, the vast majority of deterrence research has failed to find any substantial effects from legal sanctions
answer
True
question
Cognitive theory dwells on the differences in thinking patterns between "normal" and criminal individuals
answer
True
question
The Positivist School is also known as the "modernist perspective"
answer
True
question
Early positivists opposed the view that criminals were not as fully evolved as other members of western societies
answer
False
question
The criminological theory of feeblemindedness said that criminals inherited lower IQs
answer
True
