Criminologgy Del. Test 2 – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| What happens to rapists in the CJ system? |
-89% of those convicted will go to jail |
| Burglary definition |
-FBI: unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony |
| Rape Shield Laws |
-Eliminated requirements of physical resistance -A victim does not have to physically resist to prove the rape has occured. -Eliminated the requirement of corroboration -A witness is not necessary -Limited evidence of the victim's sexual history |
| Sutherland's definition of white collar crime |
-A crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the couse of his occupation |
| Two broad classes of white collar crime |
-Organizational: committed by organization (often businesses) to advance the organization's interest -Occupational: committed by individuals for their own personal gain. |
| Occupational crimes (4 types) |
-Employee theft -Fraud in the professions -usually doctors or lawyers -Insider Trading -stocks -Political corruption -govt officials misusing their office for political or economic gain. -watergate |
| Organizational crime (4) |
-Price fixing -Firms that are competed conspire to set prices. -Sherman Antitrust Act of 1980 bans this -Selling unsafe products -Enivornmental pollution -Corporate accounting fraud -Knowingly submitting false accounting records |
| Costs of WC crime? Financial and mortality? |
-Financial: 716;billion/yr -Mortality: 113,000 deaths/yr |
| Sherman Antitrust Act |
-Requires the federal govt. to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of violating the act. -protects against price fixing -protects public from organizational crime |
| Circumstances of robberies? |
-Co offending -Usually teams of 2+ offenders -Planning -Target Selection |
| Do the victim and the offender know one another? |
-Usually not, 2/3rds the time they are strangers |
| Is there extensive planning in robberies? |
-Majority of them are spontaneous -60% of offenders test positive for drugs, and committ the offence to support the habbit |
| Sequence of a typical armed robbery |
-Co presence: entering the victim's space. -The announcement: offender announces the crime and shows gun. -The transfer of goods: May force person to hang over their goods, or get it themselves to avoid being shortchanged or having a gun pulled. -The Escape: Some will threaten or harm to provide more time to escape. Some will force the victim to leave. -Chance of injury is unaffected whether or not the victim knows the offender.
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| Unique timing of robbery events |
-Monthy: usually in winter months -Weekly: Fridays and Saturdays -Daily: Between 6pm - Midnight |
| How often does a robbery victim get injured? |
-About 25% -If the offender has a firearm, the chance of injury goes down. -If the victim resists, the chance of injury increases. |
| Characteristics of robbery victims |
-Usually male (2x higher when compared to females) -Young (16-24) -Poor (7500/yr) |
| Average property loss in a robbery |
-$1000 |
| What happens to robbers? (%) |
-70% completed robberies are reported to police. -20% result in arrest -50% chance that an arrest will cause a conviction -85% chance if convicted will go to jail (4+ years) |
| theft FROM a car is classified as |
-larceny |
| how many auto thefts a year? |
-1,138,000 (421 per 100,000) |
| different varieties of auto theft |
-Joyriding -car often recovered -Short term or long term transportation -To make money chop (removing parts and selling) retag (creating new documents and selling the car) export (moving it to another country and selling) |
| where are cars often stolen from? |
-45% on the street near home -30% in public parking lot/parking garage
-Key point.. if you can park in your driveway, your insurance may go down because car theft rates will go down |
| When are cars most often stolen? |
-60% at night |
| What kind of cars get stolen? |
-Not usually the most expensive -Consider absolute frequencies.. the most popular cars will make the criminal the most money (camry, accord, ext.) -If you consider rates (per 1,000) the Cadillac Escalade is one of the most stolen cars, as long with other large expensive vehicles. |
| What techniques are used for stealing cars? |
-Hotwiring -30% the keys are left in the car -There are some new systematic efforts to steal car keys
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| Average property loss of auto theft? |
-$6,000 |
| how to prevent getting your car stolen |
-Common sense.. lock your car, protect your car keys. |
| What percentage of auto thefts are opportunistic? |
-About 15% |
| Are car alarms/steering wheel locks effective? |
-Yes, insurance usually give discounts for this. |
| Tracking devices |
-Will lead to recovery of car in nearly 100% of cases.. but this is usually after the car is stripped of it's parts |
| Most effective option (tool in the car);for preventing car loss? |
-Auto immobilizers.. ignition kill switch |
| What happens to auto thieves? |
-90% are reported to the police -10% chance that a report will lead to arrest -20% chance an arrest will result in a conviction -75% chance that a conviction will result in jail -Serve about 15 months |
| -What do property offenders do with the properties they steal? |
-Often sold to a fence |
| Some things to remember about fences.. |
-Occur generally in conjunction with an actual business -pawn shop or second hand store -Fences buy stolen property for about 1/3 to 1/2 what they can sell it for. -Fences are well-known by local thieves, but the police often know of them. -Fences have a high status in the criminal world ; |
| Average property loss of burglary? Where do they enter? |
-$1300 -Often through door |
| Definition of burglary |
| weak links of crimes |
-Getting someone who is raped to report it -Tracking down those who commit burglaries and robberies |
