Essay about Crime in Schools

An estimated 8 million students 18-24 attending universities or college full time.

College students have experienced lower rates of crime than those for nonstudents in the same age group

There were no measureable differences in rates of rape/sexual assault for these two groups (students vs. non-students).

\"National College Women Sexual Victimization\" (NCWSV), found college women actually face a significantly higher risk of being sexually victimized (their rate=27.7 per 1,000 students).

more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to be victims of overall violence or simple assault.

somewhat more likely than White students to suffer an aggravated assault.

For all other crimes measures for college students, no differences in victimization rates were detected between the racial/ethnic groups.

NCWSV (27.7) found that sexual victimization rates among women is higher than the NCVS (3.8) estimated rates

No there is not a single annual government report!!!!

80% of robberies, 60% of assaults, and 20% of rapes/sexual. Rape/sexual assaults were four times more likely to be victimized by someone they knew rather than by a stranger.

About 9 out of 10 students were victimized off campus. In a open area or street, or on public transportation (24%). In a commercial place (18%)

Violent crimes off campus were more likely to occur in the evening or at night (6pm-6am) than during the day (72% vs. 25%) On campus crime was more likely to occur during the day between (6am-6pm) 56%.

Although NCVS are typically a better measure of crime, especially non-reported offenses, it has its limitations—we can't measure homicide for instance using victimization surveys. Moreover, in comparing NCVS data with other survey results, it may be that the former is not capturing some types of serious victimizations

About 4 in 10 (40% of) violent crimes against college students were committed by offenders who were perceived (by the victim) to be under the influence of drugs/alcohol.

About 1 in 18 (5.5. percent) victims of violent crime believed the offender to be a member of a gang. Rarely reported.

Nine percent of violent victimization involved offenders armed with firearms; 7% were committed with knives, and 10% were committed with other types of weapons (such as blunt object).

35% of offenses are reported by students and 47% percent by non-students.

Conducted by telephone since 1972 by Census Bureau, Sought to illuminate the \"dark figure of unreported crime\", Longitudinal panel study: households agree to participated for 2/3 years (7 interviews; one every 6 months) and then replaced, Does not measure all crime, Respondents must be at least 12 years old.

Measures both reported and unreported crime, More information about how crime impacted victim than official statistics like arrest records (UCR), Provides more victim characteristics than UCR, Because it is designed to be nationally representative, includes college students, One of the only data sources that allow us to compare/contrast college student victim experiences with those of non-students.

Measures both reported and unreported crime More information about how crime impacted victim than official statistics like arrest records (UCR) Provides more victim characteristics than UCR Because it is designed to be nationally representative, includes college students One of the only data sources that allow us to compare/contrast college student victim experiences with those of non-students.

Telescoping incident dates/faulty memory Respondents not: accurately recalling when victimization occurred, accurately recalling specific details of offense, especially if alcohol/drugs involved Little information on offenders Relies on victims' accounts/perceptions of them No information on CJS response if reported Does not ask about all crimes

1990 federal law (\"Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act\") Enacted after the murder of Jeanne Clery committed by a fellow student. Her parents lobbied Congress to create a law that ensures greater accountability for universities/colleges that receive federal funding (student aid).

1) Every institution must: Collect, classify, and count crime reports and crime statistics, and Issue campus alerts. Publish an annual security report containing safety and security-related policy statements and crime statistics and distribute it to all current students and employees. Schools also must inform prospective students and employees about the availability of the report. 2) If the institution maintains a campus police or security department, the institution must keep a daily crime log of alleged criminal incidents that is open to public inspection 3) If the institution has any on-campus student housing facilities, it must: Disclose missing student notification procedures that pertain to students residing in those facilities. Disclose fire safety information related to those facilities and submit statistics about any fire-related incidents to the Department of Education

Increases accountability (in theory) Consistently collected data from all universities receiving public funds Fairly comprehensive—focused on serious, violent crimes, and other offenses likely related to college populations

Sometimes complicated report processing. Potential for underreporting as these are official records. The Department of Education does not typically verify reports. Rarely do parents and students make use of the reports.

Due to federal law, Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) the results of these boards are not public. Thus, they do not \"count\" as actual offenses. The Board can impose \"sanctions,\" but these do not arise to punishment outside of the university.

HEOA adds a statement of \"emergency response and evacuation procedures\" to the Clery Act annual security report (ASR). The policy disclosure \"shall include\" a statement that the institution will \"immediately notify the campus community upon the confirmation of a significant emergency or dangerous situation involving an immediate threat to the health or safety of students or staff\"

During the 2004 calendar year campus law enforcement agencies received on average 62 reports of serious violent crime per 100,00 students and 1,625 reports of serious property crime.

Broadly, this focus emphasizes manipulating the physical environment to prevent crime.

Increase the difficulty of crime, increases the risk of crime, and reduce the rewards of crime, and remove excuses for crime.

Increase the reporting of offenses so that perpetrators can be apprehended or certain crimes can be better addressed.

By increasing the reporting of crime to law enforcement, it is more likely an offender will be apprehended, and this approach also helps schools better institute policies to address crime problems.

Broadly, provide students with tips and recommendations to being involved in crime as either a victim or offender.

By educating students about the risks of certain behaviors—underage drinking, effects of drugs, potential lifestyle risks for sex crime victimization—crime will be reduced.

Establish stronger bonds between community (in this case, students, faculty, staff/administrators) and law enforcement.

COP approaches, with their emphasis on community involvement, might increase the reporting of offenses and also help create partnerships with community members, which might help with investigations.

A much more controversial focus is to relax gun control laws for students/faculty who are concerned about campus violence.

If students/faculty/staff are allowed to carry weapons, they might in a better position to protect themselves from crime.

'Blue lights\", Increased lighting, CCTV and surveillance, other \"target-hardening\" devices.

anonymous crime reporting tip-lines, anonymous sexual assault reports, and out reach efforts.

mandatory alcohol and drug awareness classes, rape awareness workshops

involving university community in crime efforts for example, by disseminating surveys/soliciting feedback from the university community regarding crime and crime strategies, setting up \"mini-stations\" in crime prone areas, such as dormitories, creating \"campus watches\", patrolling on foot/bicycle to increase interaction with community members.

Historically, this is a new focus. Most states, even the more \"gun friendly\" states had laws prohibiting guns in schools and on college campuses. However, some states concerned about gun violence similar to the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 relaxed these laws.

22 states ban weapons on campus altogether.

25 states allow the individual university or college to make the decision to allow guns on campus, Utah mandates that universities/colleges allow students to carry guns.