Question 1

The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 2

English trends and practices greatly influenced American corrections.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 3

The Auburn System focused on a congregate system of operations.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 4

Social and political values greatly influence correctional thought and practices.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 5

The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 6

The original penitentiary relied on penance and contemplation as the means for the criminal offender to move from sin toward perfection

Accepted Answer

true

Question 7

Within 40 years of their initiation, penitentiaries had become overcrowded, understaffed, and minimally financed.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 8

Correctional practices, especially the use of the penitentiary, developed similarly across the United States

Accepted Answer

false

Question 9

Corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be treated is known as the crime control model.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 10

The ideas of inmate classification, parole, and rehabilitative programs were first created and put into practice at the  Elmira Reformatory for boys.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 11

Convict labor for profit became an essential part of the Pennsylvania penitentiary system throughout the early 1800s.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 12

The infamous Attica Prison Riot that took place in September 1971 at New York State\'s Attica Correctional Facility aided and inspired the move toward a community corrections model

Accepted Answer

true

Question 13

Not until the 1960s were there serious attempts made to implement the ideas of the medical model of corrections in the United States.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 14

Incarceration, in the tradition of the early English workhouse, developed in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolutionary War.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 15

Until the early 1900s, Americans followed the European practice of relying on brutal forms of corporal punishment.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 16

The Progressives thought it necessary to know the life history of each offender in order to devise an appropriate treatment plan for that specific individual.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 17

the country that gave the world its first penitentiary is:

Accepted Answer

United states

Question 18

In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles?

Accepted Answer

religious

Question 19

The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement?

Accepted Answer

Cherry Hill, Pennsylvania

Question 20

Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by:

Accepted Answer

forces in the environment

Question 21

The \"congregate\" system of prison discipline was first instituted at the:

Accepted Answer

Auburn penitentiary

Question 22

The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was:

Accepted Answer

Elmira Reformatory

Question 23

The _____ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other  inmates.

Accepted Answer

separate confinement system

Question 24

With the rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to:

Accepted Answer

the treatment and diagnosis of criminals

Question 25

Between 1790 and 1830, the population in urban America:

Accepted Answer

sharply increased

Question 26

During the colonial period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from ___________ and adapted to local conditions

Accepted Answer

England

Question 27

Separate confinement was first implemented in:

Accepted Answer

Walnut Street Jail

Question 28

The penitentiary was to be a place where:

Accepted Answer

-offenders were isolated from bad influences in society. -offenders were isolated from one another. -offenders could reflect on their misdeeds.

Question 29

The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the ____________ system of corrections.

Accepted Answer

the separate confinement

Question 30

The medical model of corrections began to be implemented during the:

Accepted Answer

1930s

Question 31

In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were

Accepted Answer

used for labor for profit by private interests

Question 32

During the Progressive Reform Era, two main correctional strategies were implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and:

Accepted Answer

rehabilitating individual offenders

Question 33

The _________________ refers to an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation.

Accepted Answer

penitentiary

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives?

Accepted Answer

determinate sentencing

Question 35

The _____ approach to criminology is based on the assumption that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior.

Accepted Answer

positivist school

Question 36

The _____ was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole.

Accepted Answer

reformatory

Question 37

The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs first took hold in the:

Accepted Answer

south

Question 38

Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by:

Accepted Answer

John Haviland

Question 39

By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not  being realized.

Accepted Answer

penitentiary

Question 40

______________________ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an inmate to obtain marks toward early release.

Accepted Answer

Alexander Maconochie

Question 41

According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to:

Accepted Answer

reintegrate the offender

Question 42

According to the _____________________ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.

Accepted Answer

crime control

Question 43

Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____________ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies.

Accepted Answer

medical

Question 44

Although the idea of ______________ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States.

Accepted Answer

parole

Question 45

_________________ is an alternative to incarceration which allows offenders to be treated in the community under supervised conditions.

Accepted Answer

probation

Question 46

the reformatory movement emphasized education and __________________ , and on the basis of an inmate\'s successful participation in both could conceivably earn him/her early release.

Accepted Answer

training

Question 47

_______________________was commissioned the first Warden of the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York in 1821; he instituted a system that called for the inmates to adhere to strict discipline and to wear pinstripes and to walk in lockstep.

Accepted Answer

Elam Lynds

crim221 reading quiz 3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards