CPR & First Aid Review – HOSA – Flashcards
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What organ stores and concentrates bile?
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Gallbladder
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What is the main function of the integumentary system?
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Infection control
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What is a tearing away of the skin called?
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Avulsion
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What do you do for an evisceration? (Organ protruding from abd wound.)
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Cover with moist dressings.
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What type of wound is more prone to tetanus?
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Puncture
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What is the transparent part of the front of the eye called?
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Cornea
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What don't you do when using an AED?
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Wet pads
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What position do you use for a CVA?
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Semi- Fowlers
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What position do you use for eye flushing?
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Head tilted towards affected side, and from inner canthus to outer canthus.
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How long do you flush an eye?
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15-30 minutes
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What do you do if you have a patient with a knife protruding?
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Immobilize it
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What system transports Oxygen to every cell in the body?
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Circulatory
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How many fingers do you use in infant CPR?
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2
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What is the hand technique in 2-person infant CPR?
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2 thumb circling
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What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in infant & child 2-PERSON CPR?
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15:2
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If a child is drowning and is 100ft from shore, what should you do?
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Take a boat.
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What do you do to minimize gastric distention?
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Maintain open airway, Limit ventilation volumes, Deliver breaths slowly, Recheck airway, DO NOT attempt to expel stomach contents
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What is ththe plane that divides body into right and left?
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Mid- Sagittal
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What muscle goes from the spine around to the chest and extends and adducts the upper arm?
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Latissimus Dorsi
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What is the basic unit of structure of life?
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Protoplasm
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If someone is having problems with their speech, what system is involved?
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Nervous System..... Stroke
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What is the tough outer covering of a bone called?
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Periosteum
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Someone falls and you can't feel a pulse, what do you suspect?
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Fracture
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What is the first step in controlling bleeding?
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Direct pressure with gauze
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What position do you put someone who is in shock?
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Supine with legs elevated 12"
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A superficial burn with minor pain is what type of burn?
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1st degree
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What do you do for heat cramps?
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Massage & give sips of water
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What do you do if you suspect frost bite?
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Move victim to a warm place, and place affected area in warm water (about 100-105*F)
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What attaches bone to bone?
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Ligament
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What attaches muscle to bone?
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Tendon
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How do you protect yourself when controlling bleeding?
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Gloves
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What is the highest part of the brain?
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Cerebrum
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What does activated charcoal do?
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Soak up poison
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What part of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
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Right ventricle
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What do you do before using an AED on a child?
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2 minutes of CPR
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What is the microscopic filter in the kidney?
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Nephron
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What is the name of the bone on the thumb side of the forearm?
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Radius
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What is the treatment for a strain?
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RICE R - rest I - ice C - compression E - elevation
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What is the position for a nosebleed?
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Lean slightly forward, pinch nose for 10 minutes, apply non chemical ice pack to bridge of nose
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What classifies a life threatening burn?
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- difficulty breathing - burn covers more than one body part or large surface area - victim is younger than 5, or older than 60 - burns from chemical, explosions, or electricity - burns to mouth or nose
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Aspirin for heart attack
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Give 2 chewable ASA (162 mg) or 1 adult ASA (325 mg) **unless they are allergic to ASA, have an ulcer, or are taking blood thinners
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What does FAST stand for? And what is it used in?
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Used for strokes. F - face A - arm S - speech T - time
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How do you give nitroglycerin to a patient with history of angina? (angina is a type of chest pain/ discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to heart muscle)
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Have the patient sit/ lie and give 1 nitro sublingual every 3-5 minutes, up to a total of 3 nitros. Call 911 if pain is still unrelieved
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What do you do after the AED delivers a shock?
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Resume CPR. After 2 minutes of CPR, repeat analyze & clear, clear & shock
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What are the universal steps in operating an AED?
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1. Power on 2. Attach electrode pads 3. Clear and analyze 4. Clear and shock
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What is the rate for infant rescue breathing?
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I breath every 3-5 seconds. (12-20 per minute)
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What is the rate for child rescue breathing?
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1 breath every 3-5 seconds. (12-20 per minute)
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What is the rate for adult rescue breathing?
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1 breath every 5-6 seconds. (10-12 per minute)
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What is the ventilation rate when a victim has an advanced airway?
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1 breath every 6-8 seconds, for any age group. (8-10 breaths per minute)
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You should limit interruption of compressions to what time?
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Less than 10 seconds
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How deep should you compress the chest in an ADULT?
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At least 2 inches
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How deep should you compress the chest in a CHILD?
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About 1/3 the depth of their chest, or about 1.5 inches
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How deep should you compress the chest in an INFANT?
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About 1/3 the depth of the chest, or about 1.5 inches.
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Symptoms of shock?
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Pale skin, low BP, fast pulse
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What could be a complication of a bag mask?
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Getting a tight seal
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What method of AED is preferred in an infant?
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Manual. Pediatric pads or adult pads as last resort.
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What is the CPR sequence?
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C-A-B. (Circulation, Airway, Breathing.)
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How do you open the airway in an adult, infant, or child if you DO NOT suspect a neck/ spinal injury?
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Head tilt- chin lift
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How do you open the airway in an adult, infant, or child if you DO suspect a neck/ spinal injury?
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Jaw thrust
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What is agonal breathing?
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Ineffective breathing; an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by shallow, slow (3-4 per minute), irregular restorations. Followed by irregular pauses.
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What should you do if there is a hurricane warning?
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Evacuate as soon as possible
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What is the treatment for a dislocated finger?
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Same as a fracture.... Immobilize it in the position found. DO NOT REDUCE
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What do you do when a conscious choking victim goes unconscious?
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Call 911, ease to floor, give chest compressions, look for object, attempt breaths
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What do you do for a dry chemical burn?
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Brush off of the skin with gloved hand and then flush with large amounts of water. (Don't get in eyes, remove any contaminated clothing or jewelry.)
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What do you do for a wet chemical burn?
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Flush for at least 20 minutes, flushing away from body.
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What type of fraction is a traction splint used for?
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Femur
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What system is involved in anaphylactic shock?
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Respiratory system
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What do you use to immobilize splints with?
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Cravats
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What is the innermost layer of the eye?
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Retina
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What might make you suspect poisoning?
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Trouble breathing, nausea/ vomiting/ diarrhea, burns around lips or tongue or on skin, open or spilled containers, open medicine cabinet, overturned or damaged plant, headache, dizziness
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What should you do if you suspect poisoning?
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Call poison control, care for life threatening conditions
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What is poison control's number?
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800-222-1222
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How do you treat a sucking chest wound?
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Cover with air tight (occlusive) dressing with one corner remaining loose
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Where does external respiration occur?
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In the alveoli of the lungs
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What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
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Neuron
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What part of the brain controls coughing, swallowing, BP, heartbeat, respiration?
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Medulla Oblongata
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What do you do if a diabetic is dizzy and not feeling well?
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Give some form of sugar
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What position do you put an unconscious victim in?
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Recovery position
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How do you breathe so that air doesn't go in the stomach?
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Breath just enough to make the chest rise
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What is the maximum time to check a pulse?
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10 seconds
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Where do you check a pulse in a child?
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Carotid
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Where do you check a pulse in an infant?
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Brachial
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Where do you check a pulse in an adult?
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Carotid
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Where do you attach the AED electrodes?
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Right upper chest and left lower chest
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What type of wound has jagged edges and bleeds freely?
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Laceration
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What is the first step to control bleeding?
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Direct pressure
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How do you clean a wound?
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In a circular motion, starting at the wound and working out.
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What is the treatment for heat cramps?
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Lightly stretch, massage, cool place, small sips of water if conscious
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What is the term for ballooning in the wall of an artery?
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Aneurysm
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What is the flap called that keeps fluid from entering the lungs?
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Epiglottis
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What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?
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Cool location, loosen/ remove excess clothing, apply cool cloths, give small sips of water if conscious
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What is th treatment for heat stroke?
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Call 911, place ice or cool packs in armpits, neck, forehead, DO NOT give water
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What is the term for a method used to prioritize treatment of patients?
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Triage
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What is the term for a wound that is a scrape?
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Abrasion
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What is the term for a wound that is cut by a sharp object such as a knife, razor, or scalpel?
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Incision
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What is the term for a wound in which a body part is cut off or separated from the body?
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Amputation
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If a patient has an injury to the head and there is clear or blood tinged drainage from the ear, this could indicate brain injury and you should allow fluid to drain completely. What position should you put them in?
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Lying down, with head turned to injured side. Elevated head and shoulders slightly to allow fluid to drain.
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What is the term for a heart attack?
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Myocardial Infarction
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What is the term for a stroke?
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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or apoplexy... Blockage of blood flow to the brain
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What are signs of internal bleeding?
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Vomiting, coughing up blood, tender/ swollen abdomen, bruised area
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What should you do if you suspect a head, neck, or back injury?
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Minimize movement of neck and back
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How should you treat burns?
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- stop the burning - cool the burn - loosely cover the burned area
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How tight should a splint be?
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Snug, but not cutting off circulation
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How should you treat a seizure?
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Move any objects away , so they don't harm themselves
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What are the 5 links in the ADULT cardiac chain of survival?
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- immediate recognition of cardiac arrest & calling 911 - early CPR - rapid defibrillation - effective advanced life support - integrated post cardiac care
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What are the 5 links of the CHILD chain of survival?
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- prevention of arrest - high quality CPR - rapid calling of 911 - effective advanced life support - integrated post cardiac arrest support
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How much oxygen is there in exhaled air?
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17%
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What does FBAO stand for?
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Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
