Covalent Bonding Answers – Flashcards
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| single covalent bond |
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| a bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons |
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| structural formulas |
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| chemical formulas that show the arrangement of atoms in molecules and polyatomic ions |
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| unshared pairs |
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| pairs of valence electrons that are not shared between atoms |
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| double covalent bonds |
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| bonds that involve two shared pairs of electrons |
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| triple covalent bond |
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| bonds that involve three shared pairs of electrons |
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| coordinate covalent bond |
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| a covalent bond in which one atom contributes both bonding electrons |
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| bond dissociation energy |
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| the total energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms |
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| resonance structures |
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| structures that occur when it is possible to write two or more valid elctron dot formulas that have teh same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion |
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| diamagnetic |
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| substances in which all of the electrons are paired |
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| paramagnetic |
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| substances that contain one or more unpaired electrons |
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| molecular orbitals |
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| orbitals that apply to the entire molecule |
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| bonding orbital |
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| a molecular orbital with an energy that is lower than that of the atomic orbitals from which it formed |
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| antibonding orbital |
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| a molecular orbital with an energy that is higher than that of the atomic orbitals from which it formed |
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| sigma bond |
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| when two atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical along the axis connecting two atomic nuclei |
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| pi bond |
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| the bonding electrons are most likely to be found in sausage-shaped regions above and below the bond axis of the bonded atoms |
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| tetrahedral angle |
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| 109.5 degrees |
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| VSEPR theory |
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| states that because electron pairs repel, molecular shape adjustsso the valence-electronpairs are as far apart as possible |
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| hybridization |
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| several atomic orbitals mix to form the same total number of equivalent hybrid orbitals |
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| nonpolar covalent bond |
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| when the atoms in the bond pull equally and the bonding electrons are shared equally |
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| polar covalent bond (polar bond) |
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| when a covalent bond joins two atoms of different elements and the bonding electrons are share unequally |
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| polar molecule |
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| one end of the molecule is slightly negative and the other end is slightly positive |
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| dipole |
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| a molecule that has two poles |
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| van der Waals forces |
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| the weakest molecular attractions collectively named |
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| dispersion forces |
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| the weakest of all molecular interactons caused by the motion of electrons |
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| dipole interactions |
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| occurs when polar molecules are attracted to one another |
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| hydrogen bonds |
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| attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalentlybonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair ofanother electronegative atom |
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| network solids |
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| solids in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other |
