Courtship Exam #2 – Flashcards

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Once out of school, single adults report that finding new people to date is:
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more difficult
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The text observes that recently people have begun to use the Internet as a way to:
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meet people
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Which of the following is identified in the text as a disadvantage to meeting someone on the Internet? a. Nonverbal cues may be missed. b. One may find that a relationship has been begun with a person who is disturbed or even dangerous. c. One may want to pursue a relationship with a person who lives a great distance away. d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Which of the following is identified in the text as an advantage in meeting someone on the Internet? a. One gets to know another before becoming distracted by physical appearance. b. One is able to avoid the danger associated with face-to-face meetings. c. Geographic location is unimportant. d. all of the above
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all of the above
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The most common function of dating for those over 60 years of age is:
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intimacy and championship
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Which of the following is not a function of dating?
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role-playing
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A study of older dating couples determined that dating enhances the __________ of the female. a. economic position b. political influence c. status, or prestige d. none of the above
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none of the above
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__________ refers to the process of learning to function effectively in a group.
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Socialization
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A "shared-cost" date tends to:
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promote equality between dating partners.
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According to the text's definition, __________ is the use of force to injure or abuse someone.
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violence
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From the __________ perspective, the crucial factor explaining why women remain in abusive relationships is how the victims define their violent situation.
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symbolic interactionist
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According to the text's discussion of violence in dating: a. those who use violence are more likely to have experienced violence from parents as a child or observed their parents being violent with each other. b. a good deal of dating violence occurs in the context of the use or abuse of alcohol. c. those who have problems with interpersonal relationships generally, or who are prone to jealousy, are more likely to be aggressive in a dating situation. d. all of the above
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all of the above
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One of the most severe forms of dating violence is __________: attempted, or actual sexual intercourse by the threat or use of force.
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rape
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According to the text, which of the following sustain(s) and enhance(s) an intimate relationship? a. equity b. the growth of trust c. an increasing amount of self-disclosure d. all of the above
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all of the above
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According to the text, in comparison with noncohabitors, cohabiters: a. are likely to place a higher value on marriage as a life goal. b. are more attached to their parents and other kin. c. place greater emphasis on success at work. d. none of the above
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none of the above
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According to the text's discussion of cohabitation:
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for some of the elderly, cohabitation is a response to poverty.
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The __________ type of cohabitative relationship is one in which one of the partners is highly dependent and/or insecure.
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"Linus Blanket"
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In the __________ relationship, cohabitation is a trial marriage.
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testing
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Andy wants a sexual relationship and someone to care for his home. He and his significant other, Clarissa, decide to cohabit. In the process, Clarissa acquires a sexual relationship, a place to live, and financial care. This exemplifies which type of cohabitative relationship?
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convenience
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In the __________ relationship, one or both partners use the cohabitation to gain independence from parental values and influence.
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emancipation
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In the __________ stage of cohabitative relationships, the partners tend to be "head over heels" in love and there is a good deal of sexual activity.
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nesting
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In the __________ stage of cohabitative relationships, there is a decline in the intensity of passion, the emergence of some doubts about the relationship, and an emphasis on homemaking and finding compatibility in the relationship.
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maintaining
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According to the text's discussion, cohabitation:
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is often a testing ground for marriage.
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Which of the following characterizations does the text employ in describing the process of breaking up?
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character building
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__________ is the kind of love found in the affection between parents and their children
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Storge
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__________ is the kind of love that exists between friends.
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Philia
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__________ is the type of love that is independent of one's feelings.
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Storge
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Theresa is a firm believer in the principle of "Love thy neighbor." One of Theresa's neighbors has been a friend for many years, but this person has a very negative outlook on life. Nonetheless, Theresa invites her for holiday dinners because the neighbor lives alone. What type of love is Theresa practicing?
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Philia
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The text points out that love can mean different things to different people. This observation is a reflection of __________ theory.
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symbolic interactionist
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Rubenstein reported that people he called the "love-prone":
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fall in love over and over again
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes of love described by Ira Reiss?
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Eros
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When another person whom we love fulfills our need for someone to love, confide in, and share our experiences with, as well as to appreciate us, we have reached the process or stage of:
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intimacy-need fulfillment.
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Don and Betty have recently started dating. They enjoy talking to each other. They feel an attraction to each other and feel very comfortable together. They are experiencing which process described by Ira Reiss?
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mutual dependency
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According to the text's discussion of self-revelation/self-disclosure: a. increasing self-disclosure is a characteristic of a developing intimacy. b. self-disclosure leads to mutual dependency. c. mutual dependency leads to the fulfillment of intimacy needs. d. all of the above
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all of the above
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When one forms habits of behaving that require the loved one's presence, it is called:
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mutual dependency
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Which of the following statements is(are) true regarding gender and love? a. Men tend to fall in love more quickly than women. b. Women tend to fall out of love more quickly than men. c. Men have a harder time adjusting to a broken relationship than do women.
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all of the above
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Social psychologists Ellen Berscheid and Elaine Walster set forth a/an "__________" theory of love.
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two-component
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Conan goes to the clinic to give a pint of blood. He becomes very interested in one of the nurses and asks her out. Before their date, he tells a friend, "I think I'm in love!" This is an example of:
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misattribution of arousal
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The text defines __________ love as a preoccupation and intense longing for union with a particular other.
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passionate
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Companionate love is most similar to:
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philia
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The original concept of courtly love was characterized by:
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an intense longing for the loved one, along with unwavering loyalty.
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The text mentions three kinds of attachment styles with one's mother. Which of the following is NOT one of these styles?
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nonreceptive
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Brian finds it easy to get close to others. He feels comfortable depending on others occasionally and having them depend on him. He can be described as a/an __________ lover
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secure
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Shelley desires intimacy from her boyfriend, but on the other hand she feels suffocated if the relationship becomes too close. She can be described as a/an __________ lover.
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avoidant
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Anxious/ambivalent lovers:
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are likely to leave a relationship before the partner.
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Which of the following attachment styles is most common?
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secure
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A person with a/an __________ attachment style is likely to have problems with close relationships with others.
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both avoidant and anxious/ambivalent
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Companionate love is characterized by:
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a relationship based on passion
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Which of the following is NOT a component in the triangular theory of love?
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understanding
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James and Brooke share intimacy but not passion or decision/commitment. Their relationship can be described as:
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liking
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Johnny and Becky share passion but not intimacy or decision/commitment. Their relationship can be described as:
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infatuation
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__________ love has intimacy and commitment but not passion.
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compassionate
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The __________ lover tends to focus on the physical, and particularly the sexual, aspects of the relationship.
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erotic
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Bernice had a picture in her mind of the ideal partner. When Bernard came along and fit her image, she felt immediate sexual attraction and fell in love with him. Bernice is a/an __________ lover.
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erotic
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Clyde likes to have romantic relationships, but he is not committed to any of his partners. He finds love appealing but does not want to get involved. Clyde is a/an __________ lover.
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ludic
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__________ lovers have a kind of quiet affection for the other.
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Agapic
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The __________ lover combines something of eros and ludus.
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manic
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__________ lovers are also a combination to some extent of ludus and storge.
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Pragmatic
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__________ is a negative emotional reaction to a real or imagined threat to a love relationship.
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Jealousy
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The text points out that jealousy can be conceptualized as a reaction to a potential loss in the competition for an intimate relationship. This observation reflects which theoretical perspective?
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conflict
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In reference to the relationship between attachment styles and feelings of jealousy, the text observes that:
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secure lovers are less likely to be angry with their partners.
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Countries that have arranged marriages tend to believe that:
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marriage is not important enough for young people to be involved.
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In societies with arranged marriages, __________ is/are considered far more important than love.
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political and economic considerations
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Herbert and Golda's marriage was arranged by a matchmaker. What can be said about their marriage?
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Their marriage will tend to be more stable than if they had chosen their own mates.
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Most writers who design utopian societies envision the mate selection process as:
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occurring randomly
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In a Family Circle magazine survey of nearly 50,000 married women, the two qualities that most pleased the women about their husbands were expressing love and:
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being a good provider
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Janet answered a poll conducted by Family Circle magazine. Which of the following was she most likely to say pleased her about her husband?
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He is a good provider and tells her he loves her.
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Worldwide, men tend to look for women as potential spouses who:
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are younger and physically attractive
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According to the text, the tendency of men and women to place the highest value on somewhat different qualities in a life partner seems to be:
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more characteristic of Western societies.
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In a/an __________ relationship, people seek to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs.
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exchange
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American women leave fewer choices than men for marital partners due to:
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the reduced number of American men over age 25.
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The tendency of persons to marry people who are similar in social and demographic characteristics is called:
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homogamy
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__________ is a broad concept that refers to marriage between two people who are similar on one or more characteristics.
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Heterogamy
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__________ stresses the fact that mate selection is nonrandom.
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Assortative mating
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Ted, a 30-year-old accountant from an upper-middle class family, marries Jean, a 20-year-old waitress from a low-income family. This is an example of:
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hypergamy
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In American marriages, on average, we generally find the age of men to be:
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about two years older than their wives'.
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Since the beginning of the twentieth century, age homogamy has been:
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increasing
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Since World War II, the rate of intermarriage among many ethnic groups has:
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risen considerably
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The proportion of all married couples who are interracial:
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has increased significantly since 1980.
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As __________ theorists point out, a good deal of the competition for valued resources takes place along racial lines in the United States.
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conflict
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Which of the following religious groups has the lowest rate of marrying within their religion?
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Catholics
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Who is most likely to report being "very happy" in their marriage?
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men whose wives have the same religion as they do
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According to the text, men tend to marry women who:
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are either at or somewhat below their own educational level.
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Educational statistics for married couples in the United States indicate that:
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two-thirds of American couples are at roughly the same educational level.
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In terms of personality traits, research indicates that:
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couples with similar personality traits are more likely to have satisfying relationships.
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In describing the tendency to select a life partner who is similar, Buss proposed the term:
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assortative mating
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The text points out that more marriages occur between people whose first name begins with the same letter than we would expect by chance, but that such __________ is less pronounced now than formerly.
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name-gaming
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The tendency for persons to marry people located physically near them (same neighborhood, school, workplace, or city) is called:
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aversive assortative mating.
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As __________ theorists point out, one personal task that confronts everyone is to develop their individuality while remaining a part of their families of origin.
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systems
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The nineteenth-century philosopher John Stuart Mill was so impressed with the problems of finding a suitable mate that he called marriage a/an:
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lottery
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People who date longer before marriage tend to:
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have greater satisfaction in marriage.
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Persons who delay marriage until their thirties or forties: a. experience a "marriage squeeze." b. find fewer people like themselves to marry. c. are more likely to marry heterogamously. d. all of the above
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all of the above
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The text points out that the third aspect of timing - - __________ - - means that getting married is not merely a matter of finding the right partner but of being at a point in your life where you feel equipped for the challenges and adventure of marriage.
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general readiness
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In terms of the importance of equity in relationships, analysis of a national survey showed that:
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working-class wives reported less marital conflict when they did most of the traditionally female tasks.
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The communication patterns practiced before marriage:
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are good predictors of marital success.
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The text points out that good communication includes self-disclosure, sharing daily events, conveying respect to the partner, and:
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discussing problems.
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The text points out that effective communication and __________ tend to go together.
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similarity
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The fact that people's needs and interests change over time makes:
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it difficult to predict long-term marital satisfaction.
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Aristotle characterized humans as:
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social creatures
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The text defines __________ as a feeling of being isolated from desired relationships.
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loneliness
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Social loneliness means that you have:
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less interpersonal interaction than you desire
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The text lists nineteen symptoms and problems associated with being lonely. Which of the following is/are among them? a. trouble concentrating b. feeling tired c. constant worry and anxiety d. all of the above
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all of the above
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One of the common findings of social scientists is that lonely people tend to be:
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depressed
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The text points out that people may not feel that they are meaningful and significant parts of any group. This reflects:
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a failure of integration
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Emile Durkheim felt that people were often lonely because:
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they were not well integrated into any groups in society.
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The "simple communities" of the past:
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are romanticized as more harmonious than they actually were.
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People desire intimacy. In reality, however, intimacy is:
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a fundamental need from the time of birth.
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According to the text, intimate relationships:
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buffer the impact of negative events.
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Which of the following factors do Lauer and Lauer include as part of the core of a satisfying relationship? a. affection b. sharing (including communication) c. commitment d. all of the above
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all of the above
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__________ theory argues that a one-sided intimate relationship will probably not last.
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Exchange
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According to the text, a sense of __________ is an important part of a fulfilling intimate relationship.
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equity
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First impressions are important in relationships because:
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they determine whether we pursue or continue a relationship.
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Suppose you are walking down the street and you see a fat man laughing--you conclude that he is one of those typical "jolly fat" types. According to the text, your conclusion is the product of:
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stereotype
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Facial expressions, body positions, gestures, and paralanguage are all examples of:
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nonverbal cues
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According to the text's discussion, nonverbal cues are: a. rarely an important source of our first impressions. b. usually interpreted correctly. c. generally interpreted more accurately by men than by women. d. none of the above
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none of the above
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In discussing physical attractiveness, the text points out that: a. beauty may be only skin-deep, but it is an important factor in attraction. b. physical attractiveness is particularly important in first impressions. c. physical attractiveness diminishes in importance, but doesn't completely lose its importance in longer-term relationships. d. all of the above
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all of the above
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The text observes that in our society, we tend to operate on the principle that what is beautiful is:
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good
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The text points out that people tend to like others who live nearby or are close to them in some setting. This illustrates the principle of:
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propinquity
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In general, people are attracted to those who have:
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similar levels of self-esteem.
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The sociological term that refers to an expected pattern of behavior is:
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norm
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The concept of honestly revealing oneself to another person is called:
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self-disclosure.
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An intimate relationship is created and maintained by ongoing communication in which personal meanings such as values and attitudes are constructed and shared. This illustrates the __________ point of view.
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symbolic interactionist
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The text points out that four kinds of things are shared in self-disclosure. Which of the following is NOT one of these? a. a sharing of emotions b. a sharing of sexual secrets c. a sharing of needs d. a sharing of self-awareness
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sharing of self-awareness
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The text points out that self-disclosure may be thought of as a form of boundary regulation. This illustrates which theoretical perspective?
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systems
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Within the __________ boundary, it is safe to share with one's partner without fear that the information will disrupt the relationship.
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dyadic
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High levels of self-disclosure are related to:
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greater satisfaction with the relationship.
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According to the text's discussion of interdependence and commitment: a. an intimate relationship may be more important to one partner than the other. b. the person with the most interest in maintaining a relationship is likely to be the most committed to it. c. the person who is the most committed to a relationship can be exploited because that person has the most to lose if the relationship breaks up. d. all of the above
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all of the above
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