question

Conservatives and liberals tend to share the same ideas about how to deal with crime

answer

False

question

The rate of incarceration in the US is one of the lowest in the world.

answer

False.

question

The nonprofessional staff that work within prison systems normally possess a college education.

answer

False.

question

The central purpose of corrections is to rehabilitate the offender.

answer

False.

question

The Commonwealth of PA now houses more prisoners than any other state in the country.

answer

False.

question

Attempts to reform prisons began in the 1500s with the disintegration of feudalism.

answer

True.

question

Under the law of retaliation, lax talionis, vengeance was a duty to be carried out by the person wronged by a family member of the victim.

answer

True.

question

In England by the year 1200, a system of wergild or payment of money as compensation, had developed as a way for the king to collect additional resources from the citizens.

answer

False.

question

Another name for the medieval practice of banishment is "relocation."

answer

False.

question

The PA system focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance.

answer

True.

question

Social and political values greatly influence correctional thought and practices.

answer

True.

question

The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime.

answer

False.

question

Correctional practices, especially the use of the penitentiary, developed similarly across the US.

answer

False.

question

Incarceration, in the tradition of the early English workhouse, developed in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolutionary War

answer

True

question

Until the early 1900s, Americans followed the European practice of relying on brutal forms of corporal punishment.

answer

False.

question

According to the authors, rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the offender and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime.

answer

True.

question

The public must be constantly reminded about the punishment for deterrence to work.

answer

True

question

Retribution is a goal of punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offenders criminal act.

answer

False.

question

Most western democracies impose the death penalty.

answer

False

question

Recent knowledge of the effectiveness of deterrence shows that social science is able to measure the effects of various punishment

answer

False

question

All punishments inflicted upon offenders are visible.

answer

False.

question

Incapacitation focuses on characteristic of the offenders instead of the victim.

answer

True.

question

Community based punishments such a probation and intermediate sanctions are imposed far more often than prison sentences in the US.

answer

True.

question

The concept of good time is provided to inmates in certain correctional facilities based on:

answer

Participation on vocational programs.

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major goals of corrections in the US? a) Deterrence b) Incarceration c) Rehabilitation d) Retribution

answer

Incarceration

question

According to the retributive justice model of punishment, those who commit a particular crime should be punished: a) Subjectively b) Alike c) Differently d) Mercifully

answer

Alike.

question

Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does not overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? a) rehabilitation b) deterrence c) incapacition d) Retribution

answer

Rehabilitation.

question

The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the _________ and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. a) State b) Victim c)Offender d) Law

answer

Offender.

question

According to the authors, _____ is the most visible penalty imposed by the American criminal Justice system. a) Imprisonment b) Probation c) Parole d) The death sentence

answer

Imprisonment.

question

Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and _____ in the community. a) Employment b) Educational attainment c) Supervision d) Family connectivity

answer

Supervision.

question

The most frequent applied set of sentencing guidelines used throughout the US is the: a) Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines b) New York Sentencing Guidelines c) Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines d) George Sentencing Guidelines

answer

Minnesota Sentencing guidelines

question

____ asserts that a person who has infringed on the rights of others deserves to be penalized or punished. a) Deterrence b) Retribution c) Incapacitation d) Rehabilitation

answer

Retribution

question

According to the concept of ____, offenders are returned to society once they are treated. a) Deterrence b) Retribution c) Incapacitation d) Rehabilitation

answer

Rehabilitation

question

Depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detention in prison, is: a) Deterrence b) Retribution c) Incapacitation d) Rehabilitation

answer

Incapacititation

question

Judges my deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or ____ circumstances exist. a) Mitigating b) Fixed c) Purposeful d) Exaggerating

answer

Mitigating

question

In the famous US v Booker decision, the Supreme Court found that sentencing guidelines were: a) Mandatory b) Discretionary c) Necessary d) Binding

answer

Discretionary

question

Restorative Justice sees crime as a violation against which of the following? a) Victim and community b) Offender and state c) Community and state d) Victim and offender

answer

Victim and community.

question

The country that gave the word its first penitentiary is: a) England b) France c) Egypt d) US

answer

US

question

Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by: a) Human nature b) Forces in the environment c) Biology d) Sin

answer

Forces in the environment.

question

The___ was a penitentiary system developed in PA in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates. a) Congregate system b) Assemble system c) Separate confinement system d) Segregated confinement system

answer

Segregated confinement system.

question

The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first instituted at the : a) Walnut Street Jail b) Sin Sing Penitentiary c) Eastern Penitentiary d) Auburn penitentiary

answer

Auburn penitentiary

question

The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was: a) Sing Sing Prison b) Auburn State Penitentiary c) Elmira Reformatory d) Cincinnati City Prison

answer

Elmira Reformatory

question

With the rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to: a) Vocational programs for criminals b) Educational programs for offenders. c) The treatment and diagnosis of criminals d) Work release programs for criminals

answer

The treatment and diagnosis of criminals.

question

According to the _____ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision. a) Due process b) Crime control c) Medical d) Reformatory

answer

Crime control.

question

The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was: a) Immediate deterrence b) Specific deterrence c) Exhibition of the sovereign's power d) Both crime control and exhibition of the sovereign's power

answer

Both crime control and exhibition of the sovereign's power.

question

Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? a)Punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense b) An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth is legal punishment c) Punishment needs to be proportionate. d) All of the above

answer

All of the above.

question

The founder of the Classical School of Criminology was: a) Cesare Beccaria b) John Howard c) Cesare Lombroso d) Jeremy Bentham

answer

Cesare Beccaria

question

The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was: a) The king b) The sheriff c)The penitentiary d) The church

answer

The church.

question

______ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons. a) Frank Shepard b) Jeremy Bentham c) Michael Rourke d) John Howard

answer

John Howard

question

Probation and Parole Officers state that their original decision to become involved in this particular career field is based on their desire to: a) Become financially secure b) Help people c) Take criminals out of society d) Advance their careers

answer

Help people.

question

What is the central purpose of corrections? a) To rehabilitate offenders b) To protect society c) To carry out the criminal sentence d) To correct behavior

answer

To carry out the criminal sentence.

question

Approximately ______ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole. a) 1/5 b) ½ c) 1/3 d) 2/3

answer

2/3

question

Organizations develop ______ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. a) Routines b) Policies c) Procedures d) All of the above

answer

All of the above.

question

According to the text, every aspect of the corrections field raises questions that concern deeply held values about: a) Money b) Politics c) Social relations d) Punishment

answer

Social relations.

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