Consumer Behavior – Park University – Flashcards
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One primary function of Harriet's job is to study individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of her company's products and services to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Harriet works in the field of ___
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consumer behavior
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding consumer behavior?
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The overall model of consumer behavior presented in the text is accurate in predicting consumer behavior.
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Mia is concerned how her marketing activities will affect individual consumers as well as society at large. Mia is implementing ____
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social marketing
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How can an organization provide superior customer value to customers?
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by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does
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Marketing strategy begins with __
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conducting a market analysis
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Juan has segmented the market for boats and is currently analyzing each with respect to several factors, such as size, growth rate, competitor strength, fit with company image, distribution available, cost to serve, and risk before deciding which segment to target. Which step of market segmentation is Juan conducting?
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selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve
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A(n) _____ is anything a consumer acquires or might acquire to meet a perceived need.
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product
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Which of the following is NOT a critical question for developing marketing communications?
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all of the above are critical questions
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Tony's job entails making sure his company's products get to retailers so that target customers can buy them. Which element of the marketing mix is Tony involved with?
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distribution
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John purchases and is satisfied with his SUV because he believes that it provides greater crash safety than a sedan even though this is not technically true. John's satisfaction is based on the distinction between ____
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actual need fulfillment and perceived need fulfillment
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Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of?
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nonverbal communications
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In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americans are expected to be on time to an event, and they expect others to do so as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior?
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Culture is a simple concept.
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___ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment.
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Environment-oriented
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Which value has a strong influence on entrepreneurship and economic development as well as new-product acceptance?
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risk taking/security
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Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing nonverbal communications?
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values
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What are the two major ways time varies between cultures?
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perspective and interpretation
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What is the largest single influence on the movement toward uniformity in the global youth market?
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mass media
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Which of the following countries tends to value individualism over collectivism?
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United States
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With respect to demographics, which of the following refers to the number of individuals in a society?
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size
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Using one marketing strategy across various cultures is referred to as ___
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standardization
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Leigh is working on a research project for her marketing class, and her assignment is to study how Americans' values with respect to consumer behavior have changed in the past 50 years. Which of the following would give her the best insight into these changes?
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advertising
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Which of the following is an emerging American value?
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admiring nature
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____ is consumers' efforts to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions.
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Voluntary simplicity
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What percentage of American adults exercise regularly?
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less than 50%
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Which of the following factors had a significant impact on Americans' emphasis on security?
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a, b, and c
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Which of the following is a segment used to describe consumers with respect to their environmental activism?
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Eco-Centrists
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Individualism affects which of the following?
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all of the above
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Which segment of environmental activists is highly dismissive of environmental concerns and doesn't believe global warming exists?
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Eco-Villains
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Which of the following is an example of cause-related marketing (CRM)?
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A company donates $1 to Diabetes research for every purchase of its product by consumers.
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Which consumer group is driven by a desire to help with respect to cause-related marketing programs?
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Socially concerned
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Age, gender, education, occupation, and income are examples of _____ variables.
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demographic
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why the population of the United States has grown steadily since 1960?
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increasing birth rate for most of the period between 1960 and today
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Juan is interested in knowing occupational influences on purchases of satellite radio systems. Which of the following occupations are most likely to purchase this type of product?
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professional, scientific and technical
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What is the movement called in which companies have expanded opportunities for less affluent consumers to afford luxury?
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class to mass
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A(n) _____ is a group of persons who have experienced a common social, political, historical, and economic environment.
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age cohort
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Which generation was born between 1965 and 1976?
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Generation X
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Which social class consists of individuals who are poorly educated, have very low incomes, and work as unskilled laborers?
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upper-lower class
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What two basic approaches are used to measure social status?
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single-item and multi-item indexes
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Which of the following is NOT a common single-item index of social class?
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age
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In the Hollingshead Index of Social Position, which is true?
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occupation is given a higher weight than education
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A segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior is known as a(n) _____.
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subculture
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The U.S. Census overall projections of ethnic subculture size understate the importance of ethnic groups to specific _____.
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geographic regions
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Which of the following statements is true regarding ethnic subcultures?
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All subcultures are very diverse, and general descriptions do not apply to all of the members
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Market Segment Research found three groups of Asian Americans on the basis of their demographics and attitudes that cut across nationality groups. Which of the following is one of the segments identified?
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Traditionalists
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_____ involves creating or sponsoring an event that has a particular appeal to a market segment.
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Event marketing
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The degree to which an immigrant has adapted to his or her new culture is known as ____
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acculturation
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Which religion heavily influences the Hispanic culture?
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Roman Catholicism
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Bicultural Hispanic teens tend to ____.
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acculturate by adding another culture; not by replacing their first culture
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America is basically a _____. That is, the educational system, government, and political process are not controlled by a religious group, and most people's daily behaviors are not guided by strict religious guidelines
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secular society
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Which type of subculture arises as a result of climatic conditions, the natural environment and resources, the characteristics of the various immigrant groups that have settled there, and significant social and political events?
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regional
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What is the basic consumption unit for most consumer goods?
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household
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According to the Census Bureau, all the people who occupy a housing unit is defined as a _____
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household
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When a couple has children, expenditures on which of the following does NOT usually decrease?
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health care
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Tony and Katie are in their 50s, and both have careers that keep them very busy. However, their children are grown, so they have more free time and money than they used to have. Which type of product or service are they likely to spend LESS money on than they have in the past?
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food at home
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The trend toward later marriage and children has resulted in which of the following?
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Now, 71 percent of all married couples with children under 18 fall into the middle age HLC categories of delayed full nest I and full nest II.
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. Ray is retired, and he and his wife are both in their late 60s. They are healthy, active, and financially well-off. They purchased an RV and plan to travel to all of the continental United States. Which stage of the household life cycle describes them?
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empty nest II
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Which of the following are ways to categorize family decision making?
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All of the above
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Todd is fifteen years old and really enjoys using the Internet. Compared to his friends and family, he has greater knowledge about the Web-based marketplace, has more expertise in searching out and finding information and resources on the Web, and really enjoys helping others by providing information found on the Web. Todd is called a(n) _____.
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Internet maven
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Which approach to conflict resolution misrepresents the facts in order to win?
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impression management
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The process in which young people acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes relevant to their functioning as consumers in the marketplaces is known as _____.
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consumer socialization
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Many Jeep owners elect to become members of a Jeep _____ and attend brand fests such as Jeep Jamboree, Jeep 101, and Camp Jeep
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community
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Two or more individuals who share a set of norms, values, or beliefs and have certain implicitly or explicitly defined relationships to one another such that their behaviors are interdependent is known as a(n) _____.
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group
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Which type of group includes family and friends and involves strong ties and frequent interaction?
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primary group
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Which category of Web 2.0 participants are bloggers and post ratings and reviews, and tend to be in their late teens to mid-twenties?
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critics
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Harley-Davidson motorcycle owners that join a Harley group, Jeep owners that attend events sponsored by Jeep, and Star Trek "Trekkies" are all examples of _____.
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consumption subcultures
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A _____ is a gathering of owners and others for the purposes of interacting with one another in the context of learning about and using the brand
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brandfest
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In which of the following consumption situations will a reference group's influence be strongest?
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when the use of the product or brand is visible to the group
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Clara had an unpleasant experience at a local restaurant at lunch one day. She went back to work and told all her coworkers about this experience, and many of them said they would never go back to that restaurant. Which type of communication is this an example of?
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word-of-mouth
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Perception is a process that begins with consumer exposure and attention to marketing stimuli and ends with consumer _____.
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interpretation
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_____ occurs when one fast-forwards through a commercial on a prerecorded program, and _____ involves switching channels when a commercial appears.
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Zipping; zapping
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Which of the following is considered a stimulus factor affecting attention?
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position
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Attention generally _____ across repeated exposures, and repetition often _____ recall.
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decreases; increases
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The minimum amount that one stimulus can differ from another with the difference still being noticed is referred to as the _____.
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just noticeable difference
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Which characteristic of a logo has been found to lead to higher levels of logo liking?
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symmetrically balanced
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Which of the following provides learning experiences that affect the type of lifestyle people seek and the products they consume?
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all of the above
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Which portion of total memory is devoted to permanent information storage?
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long-term memory
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What are the two basic forms of conditioned learning?
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classical and operant
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When consumers do not directly experience a reward or punishment to learn but instead observe the outcomes of others' behaviors and adjust their own accordingly, which type of learning has occurred?
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vicarious learning
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Sometimes consumers have difficulty retrieving a specific piece of information because other related information in memory gets in the way, which is an effect referred to as _____.
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interference
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When consumers see the new product (i.e., brand extension) as requiring the same manufacturing skills as the original, successful brand leverage is more likely. Which dimension is this referring to?
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transfer
