question

In a 2014 Gallup poll __ percent of Americans supported affording gay marriage the same legal status as traditional marriage.

answer

54

question

The basic definition of public opinion is

answer

the collective attitudes of citizens on a given issue or question.

question

the framers guessed that the ____ would reflect public opinion, especially on the crucial issues of taxes and gov. spending.

answer

House of Reprsentatives

question

one critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that

answer

the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of gov.

question

which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?

answer

government should do what a majority of the public wants.

question

historians estimate that ___ percent of Americans supported the Revolution in July 1776.

answer

40

question

a January 2014 poll showed that ___ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illness they may have.

answer

54

question

the goal of the statistical theory of samplingis

answer

to reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.

question

today, the mass media conduct most polls by

answer

telephone.

question

the accuracy of the population sample used for the public opinion polls depends on

answer

randomness of selection, size of sample, and variation in the population,

question

A sample of 600 randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus)

answer

5% points

question

recently, media outlets have started including ____ in their samples, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.

answer

cellphones

question

one of the nation's oldest polls, the ___ , was started n the 1930s and was most notably wrong in 1948 when it predicted that Thomas Dewey, the republican candidate, would defeat the democratic, Harry Truman in the Presidential election.

answer

Gallup Poll

question

a typical gallup national poll surveys approx. ___ individuals

answer

1,500

question

in 19 presidential elections since 1936, gallup polls have been deviated from actual results by

answer

lss than 1.0 percent point.

question

public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that

answer

the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.

question

when sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

answer

skewed.

question

a polling company surveying public opinion on obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

answer

bimodal

question

a symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a

answer

normal distribution

question

the most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as

answer

mode

question

a distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is a

answer

stable

question

when Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scale, the data plotted on the graph is a

answer

skewed distrubution

question

since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become

answer

skewed toward conservatism

question

today, college students are much more ____ than the general public

answer

liberal

question

the process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called

answer

political socialization

question

the extent to which any socializing agent is influential depends on

answer

prolonged exposure to and good communication with the agent, as well as being receptive.

question

generally, the first agent of political socialization that people are exposed to is

answer

family

question

children are likely to adopt their parent's party identification when

answer

both parents strongly identify with the same party.

question

young Americans are more reliably socialized into their parent's religions when

answer

both parents follow the same religion.

question

the _____ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.

answer

primacy`

question

Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ____ model of partnership

answer

transmission

question

the major agents of early socialization in the united states are

answer

family, school, community, and peers.

question

when elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of ___; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach

answer

order;equality

question

the political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college if the college student's education includes

answer

exposure to third parties.

question

the first political institution that young children tend to focus on is the

answer

president

question

as students move from elementary school, to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ___ to development of _____.

answer

patriotic ritual;good citizenship.

question

pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest whe

answer

the community is homogeneous.

question

as parental and school influences wane in adulthood, ____ emerge as more important socialization agents

answer

adult peer groups and the mass media.

question

a respondent who agrees with the statement "By law, a woman should be ale to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values

answer

freedom over order.

question

according to the 2012 American National Election Study, about ___ percent of Americans believe the gov. should permit abortions in many, if not all, instances

answer

61`

question

as a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose

answer

freedom over social order.

question

individuals with higher education and income tend to favor __ over __

answer

freedom; order or equality

question

in the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote

answer

for republican candidates.

question

which of the following statements concerning Latinos is incorrect

answer

Latinos are a racial group.

question

the contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to

answer

identify more with the democratic party than men do.

question

the set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of gov. is called

answer

political ideology.

question

with respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 20% of the American population is

answer

unaffiliated

question

which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?

answer

many people identify as "moderates" because they do not understand the alternatives.

question

in the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote

answer

business and gov. policy ahead of social order.

question

in the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote

answer

both order and equality over freedom.

question

a libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of

answer

high income and high education.

question

about __ of immigrants in America are undocumented.

answer

a third.

question

the fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the

answer

backfire effect

question

lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ____ model more difficult to sustain

answer

Majoritarian.

question

according to the self-interest principle, people tend to

answer

choose what benefits them personally.

question

In the united states today, the mass media

answer

provide a two-way channel of communication between the people and the government.

question

the traditional division of mass media into ___ has become made problematic by the

answer

print and broadcast.

question

A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _____ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.

answer

nearly half.

question

a recent example of popular music conveying a political message is "Born this way: by Lady Gaga, which focuses on

answer

bullying.

question

the first newspapers in the US were

answer

financed by political parties that advocated party causes.

question

Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until

answer

the 1830s.

question

___ occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials

answer

the two-step flow of communication.

question

Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy grew, some say, because of

answer

lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism.

question

counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers

answer

is up overall.

question

to stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have ____ their online content, with varying degrees of success.

answer

instituted paywalls for

question

_____ are group leaders who follow news in specific areas

answer

Attentive policy elites.

question

the first media technology to make broadcast journalist into household names was

answer

radio

question

despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, ___ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.

answer

90%

question

the internet was started

answer

in 1969, with support from the US Department of Defense.

question

___ percent surveyed adults indicated that they learned about the 2008 political campaign from comedy shows like the Daily Show, The Colbert Report, or SNL

answer

30%

question

more and more, cable news seems analogous to

answer

early partisan newspapers.

question

early TV network news programs focused their evening news on an

answer

"anchorman"

question

some research indicates that people who watch partisan news become

answer

more extreme in their politics.

question

reaction to a film posted on Youtube made by an Egyptian-American that mocked the muslim prophet Muhammad is an example of the influence of new media platforms; that they

answer

impact the types of stories that get picked up by the "mainstream media".

question

The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on ___ to help them determine which news is real and important.

answer

the mainstream media.

question

Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and legos to

answer

recreate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in a way that avoid censors.

question

a country where he gov. heavily censors internet news and search engines is

answer

China.

question

private ownership of the media in the US makes the American news industry

answer

dependent on advertising revenues

question

a 2011 news analysis found that cable TV was particularly devoted to ___ whereas online news sites and newspapers provided more coverage of ___.

answer

election coverage; foreign affairs.

question

a story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is

answer

infortainment.

question

newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to

answer

resort to negative or positive spin on the news.

question

in response to financial stress, some suggested that newspapers operate as ____, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps gov. support.

answer

nonprofits.

question

regarding the internet, the federal Communications Commission FCC

answer

does not have jurisdiction to regulate internet content.

question

the telecommunications Act of 1996

answer

relaxed the rules governing media ownership.

question

the text suggests that the early days of radio, owners sought gov. regulation of the airwaves to

answer

restrict others' freedom to enter broadcasting and compete.

question

the current debate about " net neutrality" concerns whether

answer

ISPs should be allowed to charge people more if they consume a large amount of bandwidth.

question

the __ Amendment prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press.

answer

First.

question

the reasonable access rule required

answer

the press to refrain from publishing strategic information during wartime.

question

the now-abolished____ obligated broadcasters to discuss issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues.

answer

fairness doctrine.

question

the fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, the reasonable access rule are all rules under which FCC has

answer

regulate broadcast media content.

question

which president first provided space in the White house for reporters?

answer

Theodore Roosevelt.

question

advocates of dropping FCC content regulations believe that

answer

broadcast media should be treated the same as other media.

question

the phrase " on background" means that media are permitted to

answer

anonymously quote material without identifying the source.

question

most news printed about Congress comes from

answer

congressional press releases and prepared reports.

question

officials send out ___ when they intentionally leak news to gauge the reaction of the public or other political leaders.

answer

trial balloons.

question

the phrase "off the record" means that media

answer

are not allowed to print the information.

question

the media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as

answer

gatekeepers.

question

content analysis of network news suggests that most coverage focuses on

answer

the president.

question

during a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to coverage of which candidate is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering 'issues, is known as

answer

horse race journalism.

question

until the early 1960s, most Americans cited ___ as the source from which they got most of their news.

answer

newspapers.

question

after a 2012 election, which of the following received the lowest rating from Americans?

answer

the media.

question

currently, __ is (are) most Americans' primary news source

answer

television.

question

the "television hypothesis" is the belief that television

answer

is to blame for the low level of citizens' knowledge about public affairs.

question

general entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as the Daily Show, the Today Show, and the View is called.

answer

soft news.

question

research on the impact of soft news finds it

answer

all these choices are true.

question

when the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in

answer

agenda Setting.

question

most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is ability to

answer

set the political agenda.

question

crime rates fell in every major category from the 1980s until very recently, but as one journalist said, " crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's___

answer

economically driven.

question

how do the mass media influence the socialization process?

answer

they play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it.

question

available evidence seems to indicate that there are ___ among journalists and reporters.

answer

liberal leanings.

question

available evidence seems to indicate that there are _____ among editors and owners of the major news media.

answer

conservative leanings.

question

it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by an ___ among journalists.

answer

anti-incumbent bias.

question

when excluding horserace stories, media coverage of Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential campaign, compared to coverage of Obama, was

answer

about the same.

question

which of the following statements is most accurate?

answer

the media in the US have played an important role in advancing equality.

question

representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of

answer

order.

question

a 2006 survey found that if the government feels information threatens national security, ____ Americans favor gov. censorship.

answer

about a third of.

question

the text defines ___ as the actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support gov. and politics.

answer

political participation.

question

one criterion that me met for a country to be democratic is that it must

answer

have more than one political party.

question

Timothy McVeigh bombed the Oklahoma City Federal building because he

answer

believed the US gov. had become a police state.

question

according to the text, violent unconventional political participation is

answer

sometimes worth the risk.

question

which of the following was the first known act of unconventional participation in America?

answer

The Boston Tea Party.

question

political scientists know less about unconventional forms of political participation because

answer

they are biased toward institutionalized, or conventional , politics, and it's easier to collect data on conventional practices.

question

unconventional political participation involving assembling crowds to confront businesses and local gov. is known as

answer

direct action.

question

the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott is an an example of

answer

successful unconventional political participation.

question

Americans are less likely to ____ than citizens of other countries.

answer

join demonstrations.

question

a practical test whether or not a government is democratic is whether

answer

citizens can affect its policies by acting through its institutions.

question

studies of Americans who engage in "contacting behavior" like complaining to city hall find

answer

they are not more likely to vote than other Americans.

question

Americans contributing money to a candidate's campaign is best defined as a form of

answer

influencing behavior.

question

___ is political action that expresses allegiance to country and gov.

answer

supportive behavior.

question

the ability of groups to make government respond to their special problems is best described as a part of ___ theory.

answer

pluralist.

question

citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of the ___ phenomenon.

answer

NIMBY.

question

a legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstances i also known as a

answer

class action suit.

question

the country with the lowest voter turnout among eligible voters in congressional elections is

answer

The US.

question

researchers have found that political apathy is ___ in the US compared to almost all other nations.

answer

much lower.

question

the text defines suffrage and franchise as the right to

answer

vote.

question

which country was the first to provide for the general election of representatives through

answer

US.

question

the framers of the Constitution left the issue of voter enfranchisement to

answer

the states.

question

the __ amendment to the Constitution prohibits states from denying the right to vote " on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

answer

15th

question

the purpose of the literacy tests that were used in the southern states after 1870 was to

answer

discourage African Americans from voting.

question

in Smith v. Allwright, the Supreme Court found ___ is are unconstitutional,

answer

preventing blacks from voting in primary elections.

question

the amendment granting women's suffrage is the

answer

19th amendment.

question

compared with other nations in the world in granting suffrage to women, the US

answer

was among the first.

question

a 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allowed numerous states to

answer

enforce new voter identification laws.

question

women were granted universal suffrage in

answer

1920.

question

which of the following qualifications for voting was virtually eliminated in all states by the 1850s?

answer

property ownership.

question

the amendment lowering the voting age to 18 is the

answer

26th.

question

a direct primary is a

answer

preliminary election to choose party candidates.

question

mot referenda are placed on the ballot by

answer

legislatures.

question

the typical procedure for initiative requires petitions to feature the signatures of __ of the number of registered voters in a state.

answer

5 to 10 percent.

question

___ championed the direct primary.

answer

Progressives.

question

one recent criticism of referenda and initiatives is that

answer

they create an expensive "industry" designed around circulating petitions and spending millions.

question

in 2012 and 2013, voters approved a number of ballot propositions, including ones in Colorado and Washington that

answer

legalized marijuana.

question

according to the text, if the criterion is ___, America has the best and most democratic gov. in the world.

answer

number of elections held.

question

voting in the US decreased during the 1970s and 80s. other forms of participation

answer

increased or remained stable.

question

the standard socioeconomic model of participation chiefly refers to

answer

education, income,and occupation.

question

according to the text, Americans were ___ politically apathetic in 2012 compared to 1952.

answer

neither more nor less.

question

characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

answer

low education, low income, and being relatively young.

question

In general today, women politically participate

answer

at about the same rate as men.

question

of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, ___ is the strongest single factor.

answer

education.

question

women compared to men, and blacks compared to whites, tend to have political participation rates today that are

answer

about the same.

question

how does education affect voter turnout?

answer

well-educated people are more likely to vote than are their less-educated counterparts.

question

the effect of the 26th amendment, which enfranchised 18-20 year olds was to

answer

reduce the national voter turnout rate.

question

psychological explanations of turnout suggest that voting will rise if

answer

more Americans believe that gov. is responsive.

question

by law, the US presidential election occurs

answer

the first Tuesday after the first monday in november.

question

in nearly every other democratic country, the burden of registration is placed on

answer

the government.

question

in Oregon, everyone votes by

answer

mail.

question

if voter turnout was computed on the basis o registered voters, about ___ of American s vote.

answer

80 percent.

question

the American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of

answer

those with greater resources.

question

according to the text, with respect to political participation, "__ is the great equalizer".

answer

protest.

question

during the Vietnam War, protesting students on college campuses

answer

all the above are true.

question

to maintain order, the gov. has a stake in converting __ wherever possible.

answer

unconventional participation into conventional participation.

question

Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the 26th amendment, which lowed the voting age to 18, because they

answer

hoped to channel student energy away from demonstrations and toward more conventional forms of participation.

question

someone who asserts that elections "socialize political activity" is contending that elections are mechanisms that maintain

answer

order.

question

the majoritarian model of democracy favors

answer

voting as the primary means of participation.

question

elections, as an institutional mechanism,

answer

bolster the power and authority of the state.

question

because it depends on mass participation in politics, majoritarianism tends to

answer

limit individual freedom.

question

which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties?

answer

Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones.

question

what most distinguishes political parties from interest groups like the AFL-CIO and the National Association of Manufacturers is that

answer

interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their avowed representatives.

question

the __ is not a national political party because it does not nominate its own candidates.

answer

Tea Party.

question

according to a 2013 poll, ___ percent of Americans think the political parties do an adequate job representing the American people.

answer

24

question

most democratic theorists agree that a modern nation-state cannot practice democracy without

answer

at least two political parties regularly contesting elections.

question

suppose the US abolished political parties. Voters would then

answer

all the choices are true.

question

presence of multiple political parties

answer

tends to split opposition to a dominant regime and help it maintain power.

question

according to Edmund Burke, the reason people unite in parties is to

answer

enact a set of policies.

question

where in the Constitution are political parties discussed?

answer

nowhere.

question

the __ party is probably the oldest political party in existence.

answer

Democratic.

question

in the early days of America, the president was chosen by

answer

a group of political elites in the Electoral college .

question

who was the leader of the federalists?

answer

Alexander Hamilton.

question

the early republicans were led by

answer

Thomas Jefferson

question

George Washington, generally considered sympathetic to the Federalists Party, felt that political factions

answer

had negative effects on democracy,

question

the first nomination process for two opposing candidates for the presidency was conducted in 1800 by

answer

congressional caucuses.

question

the last candidate for president elected without party competition was

answer

James Monroe

question

the era of Good Feelings was characterized by

answer

the lack of party competition.

question

the 12 amendment

answer

required the electoral college to vote separately for president and VP.

question

in his first fun for presidency, Andrew JAckson

answer

won a plurality of the popular vote but was not chosen as president by the house of Representatives.

question

the ___ was the first "third" party in American history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention.

answer

the Anti-Masonic Party

question

during the Jacksonian era, parties had to appeal to much larger numbers of voters , and one response was using ___ to select presidential candidates.

answer

national conventions.

question

the republican party was established in response to the issue of

answer

slavery.

question

which event helped shape the partisan patterns of the north and south for nearly a century?

answer

the Civil War.

question

the term solid south refers to the

answer

South's consistent democratic voting record for much of the 20th century.

question

since the present two-party system was established, how many minor-party candidates have been elected to the presidency?

answer

Zero.

question

___ was the first candidate elected as a republican?

answer

Abraham Lincoln

question

the ___ Party was an agrarian "free-silver" party that was attractive in part because it was seen as a response to the depression of 1896.

answer

Populist.

question

during the decades from the economic depression of the 1890s until the stock market crash in 1929, presidential elections were dominated by the __ party

answer

Republican.

question

a critical event that helped end the republican Party;s domination of national politics in the 1920s was

answer

the Great Depression.

question

__ captured the presidency in 1968 and won five of the eleven southern states in the old Confederacy, signaling an electoral realignment that has seen republican candidates for president do very well in the south.

answer

Richard Nixon.

question

the __ party won most presidential elections from 1932, during the Great Depression, though the election of 1964, when the turbulent 1960s created the environment for a major political realignment.

answer

democratic.

question

the people's party (populist) could at least brag hat it was the first third party since 1860 to

answer

win any electoral votes.

question

the shortlived ____ party nominated Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for the presidency in 1924, but carried on La Follette's home state and ceased to nominate candidates in 1925.

answer

progressive.

question

the best the Socialist party has ever done in America was to capture 6 percent of the vote in the election of

answer

1912

question

Congressman ___ was the 1988 Libertarian Party presidential candidate. he was elected to congress as a republican in 1996, where he served until 2013.

answer

Ron Paul.

question

____, candidate for president in 1992, ran as an independent and won 19 percent of the popular vote.

answer

Ross Perot.

question

if someone formed the "second amendment party" a political party to run on a platform of removing regulations on gun ownership, that would be an example of a __ party.

answer

single-issue.

question

in the 2000 election, the candidacy of Ralph Nader

answer

resulted in a loss of support for the democratic candidate Al, Gore.

question

research indicates that one important reason for the decline of third-party voting starting in the 1930s may be

answer

leftward drift of the democratic party to adopt issues otherwise raised by third parties.

question

surveys show today that approx. ___ of the American population today think that the US needs a third party.

answer

one-half.

question

the two ideological protest parties that together managed just over 1 percent of the vote in the 2012 presidential race were the __ party and the ___ party.

answer

Libertarian; Green.

question

one of the most convincing explanations for the persistence of the two-party system in the US lies in its use of

answer

the presidency is a big enough political prize to induce parties to harbor uncomfortable coalitions of voters just to win the electoral vote and the presidential election.

question

in the discipline of political science, party identification refers to

answer

a sense of psychological attachment to a party.

question

Federalism in the electoral system refers to

answer

difference between national election trends and trends in states.

question

black Americans shifted significantly to the democratic party n the 1960s largely in response to

answer

Democratic party support for civil rights legislation.

question

according to a 2012 survey in your text, which of the following individuals is most likely to identify as a republican?

answer

earning between $75,000 to $99,000, college degree, male, age 42-53.

question

about ___ of all Americans adopt their parent' party.

answer

50 percent.

question

which president portrayed the democratic as big spenders, but his administration spent more than $1 trillion for defense?

answer

Ronald Reagan.

question

content analysis of the 2012 party convention platforms found that Republicans were more likely to mention the word ___ whereas democrats were more likely to mention the word __.

answer

freedom; equality.

question

in 2009, how many of the House Democrats voted against reforming health care, president Obama's most important policy initiative?

answer

39.

question

According to the __, political parties are essential in making gov. responsive to public opinion.

answer

majoritarian model of democracy.

question

the text uses the examples of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush to make the point that, with respect to gov. spending,

answer

Republicans don't hesitate to spend large sums on federal programs that suit their ideology.

question

political party platforms probably matter most to

answer

intraparty factions at party conventions.

question

the democratic party national committee changed its internal procedures to be more open and inclusive in response to

answer

a traumatic 1968 convention following the assassination of Robert Kennedy and emphasizing opposition to the Vietnam War.

question

voters favor one-party control of the presidency and the congress when

answer

their party is in control.

Concurrent US Government chapters 5-8

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