Conceptual Physics–Chapter 21: Temperature, Heat, and Expansion – Flashcards
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The quantity that tells how hot or cold something is compared with a standard. A measure of the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in kelvins (K).
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Temperature
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The higher the temperature of a substance, the faster the motion of its molecules.
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Molecules and temperature
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When a thermometer is in contact with a substance, heat flows between them until they are the same temperature.
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Contact with thermometer
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The lowest possible temperature that a substance may have--the temperature at which molecules of the substance have their minimum kinetic energy. Kelvin scale.
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Absolute zero
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The energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature, commonly measured in calories or joules.
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Heat
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The grand total of all energies inside a substance. The total of all molecular energies, kinetic plus potential, that are internal to a substance.
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Internal energy
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The quantity of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 Celsius degree.
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Specific heat capacity
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the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C.
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calorie
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The most widely used temperature scale. 0⁰ is freezing, 100⁰ is boiling.
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Celsius scale
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Used commonly in the United States. 32⁰ is freezing, 212⁰ is boiling.
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Fahrenheit scale
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SI scale used by scientists where 0 represents absolute zero
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Kelvin scale
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When objects in thermal contact with each other reach the same temperature.
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Thermal equilibrium
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When two substances of different temperatures are in thermal contact, heat flows from higher temperature to lower temperature.
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Thermal contact
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The property of water to resist changes in temperature improves the climate in many places.
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Water and its issues
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This depends on the substance's chemical composition.
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The capacity of a substance to store heat
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Most forms of matter expand when they are heated, and contract when they are cold.
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Forms of matter and temperature
