Compare And Contrast The Theories Of Personality Essay Sample

aptitudes are fixed and suppressions are free. Torahs and regulations are disobeyed. It operates on a crude footing. free from suppression.

The Idaho is the original personality system it exposes the immediate discharge of psychic energy produced by biological thrusts. Psychic setup is fuelled by psychic energy. hence the Idaho. However when tenseness is created the Idaho seeks immediate satisfaction and to cut down exhilaration therefore the Idaho obeys the ‘pleasure principle’ which regards nil.

Freud thought this as ‘infantile’ personality. pre-socialisation. The Idaho was primatively a physiological reaction nevertheless if this was true development would be conjectural. Freud identified two mechanisms the Idaho uses to free tenseness.

automatic actions and primary procedure. a formation of a mental image or object to fulfill the basic purpose. differentiation is left to the self-importance.The self-importance is psychic energy ‘borrowed’ from the Idaho to direct externally.

The ‘executive’ of personality which engages in secondary procedure of thought. The self-importance obeys the world rule. continuing satisfaction until either object or environment status which could fulfill it has been found. Unlike the Idaho the self-importance has a moral codification. nevertheless like the Idaho it is amoral.The superego is the concluding phase to morality.

Developed by norms and values of society. it is divided into two sub-components. the scruples. acquired by penalty. and ego-ideal.

blessing and wages. It is developed when self-control replaces parental control. it controls the Idaho and persuades the self-importance to alter ends.The self-importance holds back the unconscious which tries to interrupt through to rule the witting. It uses defense mechanism mechanisms such as denial. repression.

arrested development. protection. reaction formation and designation with attacker.Erikson. besides a psychoanalyst.

accepted Freud’s three-party theory of the construction of personality yet he focused more upon the self-importance and had less concern for the Idaho and superego. He believed that the self-importance influences development. He besides accepts Freud’s three degrees of consciousness.Freud saw personality development tied to development of sexual inherent aptitude ( libido ) which passes through phases. Significant others besides affect child’s behavior in each phase. Freud besides emphasised thrust.

The differentiation of two groups of inherent aptitudes. life inherent aptitude ( Eros ) which include libido and decease inherent aptitude ( Thanatos ) comprising aggression are other designations in development.The theory of development is based on genetic sciences and sexual energy. He theorised that there are four cosmopolitan phases of psychosexual development in the formation of personality. each phase is embarked by a primary ergenous zone.

Arrested development and defeat excess are factors in each phase. arrested development occurs when a kid is stuck’ in one phase due to defeat or excess. Development is an interaction between biological timetable of alteration and the environmental or societal context in which it happens.The unwritten phase ( 0-1 ) sees the oral cavity as a zone. It is divided into receptive sub-stage and aggressive sub-stage.

Fixation would see inordinate unwritten stimulation in ulterior life. Excessive unwritten stimulation pleasance in sucking would be aggressive.Libido so moves to the anal part ( 1-3 ) . Fixation would ensue in an inordinate involvement in physiological map later in life. Restriction in this phase would take to sub-stage anal-retentive personality. The following sub-stage leads to an anal-expulsive personality.

surplus in the phase.The phallic phase is when sex differences are noticed (

3 to 5/6 ) . this is when struggle arises. known as the Oedipus composite and the Electra composite.

Boys’ titillating love for their female parents and green-eyed monster for their male parents every bit good as the fright of emasculation leads the male child to place with the male parent. The Electra complex sees the girl’s enviousness of the father’s phallus and incrimination of the female parent. Turning to the male parent for love she adopts the function of the female parent trusting for replacing for her anatomical lack.The latency period ( 5 to pubescence ) is when the kid falls ‘victim’ to ‘infantile amnesia’ .

and represses sexual preoccupations. The kid develops new accomplishments and acquires knowledge. The balance between the tripartite system is greater here than anyplace else.At puberty the libido focuses once more on the genitalias.

the venereal phase. The opposite sex is a immense influence ere in relationship formation. However there is a ‘homosexual’ phase where the same sex has sexual energy directed towards them. If traumatic experiences in early childhood with arrested developments.

accommodation during this phase is virtually impossible.These phases show that early phases of development leave an imprint to changing grades. He identified two major personality types – the unwritten and the anal.Erikson’s theory has besides made a important part to psychological theory and represents and assesses Freud’s theory in position. He is identified as an ego psychologist. nevertheless he does non pretermit biological or societal factors in his theory.

He sees the mutual interplay of biological. behavioral. experiential and societal factors. Erikson’s ‘eight ages of man’ represents his original part to personality. The phases are governed

by epigenetic rules of ripening.

The first psychosocial phase corresponds to Freud’s. trust versus misgiving ( 0-1 ) . The quality of attention in which a babe receives determines the position of the female parent and other people in general. If their demands are met a sense of trust is developed. if non misgiving.

Mistrust is the first crisis which can develop into depression in kids and paranoia in grownups. Crisis in trust can besides hold effects in future development. The crises are non for good resolved but will re-emerge. The declaration of the struggle is termed hope a foundation for faith.Autonomy versus shame and uncertainty ( 1-3_ is when musculus systems are maturating.

The kid wants to be independent yet failure can take to doubt. If parents are impatient or excessively rigorous struggle can originate such as ‘double-rebellion defect’ . ensuing in arrested development to unwritten activities. house preparation helps to develop ‘self-control’ without loss of ‘self-esteem’ .Initiative versus guilt ( 3-5 ) is when development returns.

Trying out developing abilities and accomplishing new ends. If reinforced enterprise will develop if non guilt can be exaggerated by the Oedipus composite. Central to Freud yet a bigger characteristic for Erikson.Industry versus lower status ( 7-12 ) sees instructors and equals as important others. Concerned with work it is a major development signifier.

If uncertainty arises lower status can put in nevertheless this can develop farther if there is any other difference.Identity versus function confusion ( 12-18 ) sees the two major influences in a human’s life. A balance is needed between the invariable and the altering facet of the ego. However during toddlerhood. get downing school

and adolescence the balance is harder to keep.

Again societal and equals groups affect designation. Sex function is besides indispensable for the development of a sense of personal individuality. If emphasiss can non be matched individuality development can be jeopardised. this is an individuality crisis. Fidelity emerges from equal declaration of the self-importance individuality function confusion crisis.

Intimacy versus isolation is involved with ulterior life and as both psychologists believed in ‘settling down’ and sexual familiarity every bit good as capableness of familiarity for a healthy individual. The danger is in self-absorption or turning away of interpersonal relationships. In utmost isolation antisocial or psychopathologic personality types originate. Crisis sees love.The concluding phase reflects the completion of attempts and accomplishments. Maturity unity versus desperation.

non marked by a crisis by rating of self-importance development.Erikson accepted Freud’s phases yet thought they did non travel far. He saw development as continuing throughout life-cycle completion of attempts and accomplishments. Maturity unity versus desperation. non marked by a crisis by rating of self-importance development.

Erikson accepted Freud’s phases yet thought they did non travel far. He saw development as continuing throughout life-cycles. Erikson’s extra last three phases constitutes maturity. nevertheless. Freud’s stages finish with adolescence. Both constructions nevertheless are really similar.

Freud nevertheless did non underscore the function of socialization of the person. particularly the forms of behavior which cultures see desirable and persons need to suit into civilization.Erikson’s psychosocial phases are different than Freud’s psychosexual phases as Freud does non concentrate unlike Erikson on the direct interaction between the person and the societal environment in which it lives. nevertheless. both theories adopt a ‘crisis’ phase affecting battles and struggles between opposing

personality features.Erikson’s theory has an self-importance individuality construct.

this is a declaration of a crisis at each development Al phases. Freud nevertheless was merely concerned with neurotic non mental wellness. A struggle within the self-importance sees an emotional perturbation. this relates to the theory. Every phase in Erikson’s theory sees an interaction with the ego and the environment.

Both psychologists agree to a biological footing to development which are genetically determined. The familial phases besides show in both theorists’ phases. Freud believes that the babe becomes bit by bit socialised deriving an self-importance and superego. For Erikson at all times an being ( Idaho ) . ( self-importance ) and member of society ( superego ) . The person has to be ready in all dimensions to travel on.

Erikson’s epigenetic rule sees phases as pre-determined. He looks at the healthy personality. Freud stresses struggle and neuroticy.The nature of Freud’s work is the major difference as he made opinion during Victorian times every bit good as utilizing limited samples of centers category kids and adult females.In decision both theories have similarities and differences. The chief differences are that Freud emphasised the first six old ages of life impacting development.

whilst Erikson saw development as a life long procedure. crossing childhood to adulthood. hence the last three phases. He has inspired the ‘life-span’ attack in developmental psychological science.

Consequently Freud’s is possibly accurate as a childhood development theory. Erikson’s an maturity personality theory.Freud concerns himself with parents’ engagement with the child’s emerging personality. Erikson sees it as a historical matrix.However.

many differences Erikson is a rigorous Freudian he is loyal to the indispensable rules of Freud’s work and

his work is an extension of Freud.